TINGKAT PARASITASI PARASITOID TELUR PBPK PADA PERTANAMAN PADI DENGAN BEBERAPA KETINGGIAN TEMPAT BERBEDA

Rice is the staple food of Indonesia's population. Various problems occur in an effort to increase production and productivity. One problem is the attack of yellow rice stem borer (PBPK) which may result in yield losses up to 90%. Utilization of parasitoid is an alternative to suppress the attack of Yellow Rice Stem Borer. The study was conducted in Tabanan, covering three locations with the altitudes of 50, 300, and 550 meters above sea leve, and at the Plant Pests and Diseases laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Udayana. The study aimed to determine the effectiveness of parasitization of the best Yellow Rice Stem Borer as a natural control agent at different altitudes. The method used was survey by taking a sample group of Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs with a purposive random sampling in the area of 2.5 hectares (one block in each location was an area of 0.5 hectares) at each location. Observations on parasitoid found in Yellow Rice Stem Borer eggs were done on parasitoid species diversity, equality, abundance, parasitation level, sex ratio, and the pattern of parasitoid invasion. The results showed three species of parasitoid eggs PBPK as biological control agents. Parasitation level of T. rowani and T. japonicum was the highest at the altitude of 50 meters above sea level, while T. schoenobii at the altitude of 300 and 500 meters above sea level.

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CIV, An Iridovirus With a Pseudo T=147 Capsid Structure

Microscopy and Microanalysis ◽

10.1017/s1431927600018997 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (S2) ◽

pp. 1134-1135

Author(s):

X. Yan ◽

N. H. Olson ◽

M. Bergoin ◽

M. G. Rossmann ◽

T. S. Baker

Keyword(s):

Stem Borer ◽

Control Agent ◽

Structural Proteins ◽

Chilo Iridescent Virus ◽

Iridescent Virus ◽

Insect Order ◽

Rice Stem Borer ◽

Sds Page ◽

The Family ◽

Potential Pest

Chilo iridescent virus (CIV), the type species of the genus Iridovirusin the family Iridoviridae,was first isolated from the rice stem borer, Chilo suppressalis,a member of Lepidoptera insect order. ‘2 CIV is being considered as a potential pest control agent because of its wide host range which includes leafhoppers and some arthropods. The virion (∼lxl09 daltons) encapsidates a 209 kbp, dsDNA genome within its fiber-covered, icosahedral shell. The virion is composed of about 26 structural proteins, two (P50 and P'50, 50kDa each) of which are the major capsid proteins. P50 migrates as a monomer in either a reducing or non-reducing SDS-PAGE gel and is exposed to the surface, whereas P'50 exists as a disulfide-bond, stabilized trimer in a non-reducing gel and is only partially exposed. Virions contain 9% lipid present as a lipid bilayer within the protein capsid.

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Control of Rice Stem Borer Scirpophaga sp. Using Trichogramma sp.

Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/jpkm.34180 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 99

Author(s):

Lutfi Afifah ◽

Fawzy Muhammad Bayfurqon ◽

Siti Latifatus Siriyah

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemies ◽

Mass Culture ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Field Extension ◽

Community Services ◽

Group Leaders ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Rice Stem Borer ◽

Rice Pest ◽

And Control

This community services activity was conducted together with a partner that is Benong II Farmers Group, in the Kalibuaya Village, Telaga Sari, Karawang. The problem that faced by partners is a lack of understanding of plant pest organisms (OPT), especially plant pests and diseases, as well as a lack of knowledge about the natural enemies. Knowledge and skills of the Benong II Farmers Group in the Kalibuaya Village, Telaga Sari, Karawang regarding the management and control of rice stem borer that environmentally friendly, especially biological control using parasitoid Trichogramma sp. needs to be improved. The evaluation results show that counselling and training on the breeding of natural enemies Trichogramma sp. resulting in the development and progress of the behavior, attitudes, and skills of farmers. There are four main results of the research. The results are (1) farmer more understand of the use of biological agents for IPM-based rice pest and disease control; (2) want to implement the control of rice stem borer Scirpophaga sp. by using Trichogramma sp.; (3) more skilled in monitoring the presence or absence of pests in rice plantations in the field; and (4) more active in finding out to community service teams, farmer group leaders, and POPT / field extension officers about how to mass culture theTrichogramma sp. and it’s release techniques in the field.

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Komposisi Spesies Penggerek Batang Padi dan Parasitoid Telurnya pada Ketinggian Tempat yang Berbeda

Agrotrop : Journal on Agriculture Science ◽

10.24843/ajoas.2021.v11.i01.p01 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 1

Author(s):

I NYOMAN WIJAYA ◽

WAYAN ADIARTAYASA ◽

KETUT AYU YULIADHI

Keyword(s):

Sea Level ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Chilo Suppressalis ◽

Scirpophaga Incertulas ◽

Rice Plants ◽

Sesamia Inferens ◽

Rice Stem Borer ◽

Level Identification ◽

Chilo Polychrysus

Composition of Rice Stem Borer Species and Their Egg Parasitoids at Different Altitudes. Rice stem borer is one of the main pest of rice plants that always percolating and attack plants in the field. The pests can result in damage to plants and lost of the grain from season to season. The aim of this research is to know composition and dominance rice stem borer species and role of their eggs parasitoid at an altitude of different places. Research is done by survey based on the height of different altitude in rice plants two weeks after cropping up until eleven weeks after planting. Research conducted from April until August 2019 in rice field that belonging to farmers at Subak Cemagi Let, Cemagi Village and Subak Teba, Mengwi village, Badung regency, Bali province. Subak Cemagi Let are at an altitude of 15 meters above sea level whereas Subak Teba are at an altitude of 300 meters above sea level. Identification of Rice stem borer larvae and their eggs parasitoid done in Pest Laboratory, Agriculture Faculty of Udayana University. Found three species rice stem borer in the height 15 mdpl namely Scirpophaga incertulas; Sesamia inferens dan Chilo suppressalis, whereas in the height 300 mdpl found four species namely Scirpophaga incertulas, Sesamia inferens, Chilo suppressalis, dan Chilo polychrysus. S. incertulas was the most dominant at the two different altitude. Three species of eggs parasitoid that have role to suppress the development of rice stem borer at the different altitude namely Tetrastichus schoenobii, Telenomus rowani dan Trichogramma japonicum. T. schoenobii was the most dominant to suppress rice stem borer populations.

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Evaluating the efficacy of Trichoderma harzianum and Bacillus thuringiensis on induce the plant growth and resistance of local variety patchouli under covered and uncovered seedlings methods

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/951/1/012106 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 951 (1) ◽

pp. 012106

Author(s):

R Sriwati ◽

T Chamzurni ◽

F Razi ◽

Syaifullah ◽

Yunita ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Bacillus Thuringiensis ◽

Plant Growth ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Dose Range ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Control Agent ◽

Plant Diseases ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Pests And Diseases

Abstract To increase plant resistance from an early age, it is necessary to introduce biological control agents from groups of fungi and bacteria. This study aims to determine the effect of Trichoderma harziaunum and Bacillus thuringiensis Aceh isolates in increasing the superiority of Aceh patchouli plants that are resistant to pests and plant diseases. The study used non-factorial RAL method with cover and uncovered seedling methods. Both series were treated with the same biological control agent, the control without any treatment, the treatment of T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis while the observations were made when the seedling covered was opened. Observations included plant morphological characters, plant growth development and peroxidase enzymes. The results showed that morphologically the original patchouli growing in Lhoong district had similar morphological characters to the Lhokseumawe variety. The application of biological control agents of the T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis groups was more effective in increasing plant growth in the closed seedling treatment compared to the uncovered seedling. T. harzianum gave the best effect at a dose range of 1-1.5 while B. thuringensis showed a better effect at a concentration of 10-15 ml. Both treatments increased the growth of patchouli seedlings as indicated by the better plant height and number of shoots. Furthermore, higher peroxidation enzymes were found in the closed seedling treatment with 1.5 g T harzianum and 15 ml B. thuringiensis. The high peroxidase enzyme as an indicator of the more resistant plants have been induced to pests and diseases. From the screen house experiment, T. harzianum and B. thuringiensis were more efficient in inducing plant growth and disease resistance of local varieties of patchouli using the closed seedling method.

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Penggunaan Rain Shelter dan Biopestisida Atecu Pada Budidaya Cabai di Luar Musim untuk Mengurangi Kehilangan Hasil dan Serangan OPT

Jurnal Hortikultura ◽

10.21082/jhort.v28n2.2018.p239-250 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 239

Author(s):

Wiwin Setiawati ◽

Ahsol Hasyim ◽

Abdi Hudayya

Keyword(s):

Open Field ◽

Rainy Season ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Block Design ◽

Control Agent ◽

Yield Losses ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Randomized Block Design ◽

Conventional Technology ◽

Cultivation Technology

(The Use of Rain Shelter and Biopesticide in off Season Chilli Cultivation to Reduce Yield Losses and Infestation of Pest and Diseases)Penggunaan rain shelter merupakan solusi untuk mengatasi permasalahan budidaya cabai di luar musim, yaitu kondisi musim hujan berkepanjangan. Peranan sumber daya hayati lokal termasuk tumbuhan sebagai biopestisida (Atecu) perlu ditingkatkan untuk mengatasi masalah mahalnya biaya produksi, namun mampu menekan kehilangan hasil akibat OPT dan menjaga mutu produk. Tujuan penelitian mendapatkan teknologi budidaya cabai off season yang dapat mengurangi kehilangan hasil dan serangan OPT ≥30%. Penelitian dilaksanakan di KP Margahayu Lembang, dari bulan Agustus 2016 sampai dengan bulan Maret 2017. Plot penelitian disusun berdasarkan rancangan acak kelompok (RAK) terdiri atas enam perlakuan dan empat ulangan. Perlakuan yang digunakan adalah bentuk rain shelter (bentuk datar dan melengkung) yang dipasang pada waktu tanam dan musim penghujan dikombinasikan dengan penggunaan Atecu 10 ml/l dan tanpa rain shelter + Atecu 10 ml/l serta teknologi konvensional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: (1) pertumbuhan tanaman cabai (tinggi dan lebar kanopi) yang ditanam di bawah rain shelter berbeda nyata masing - masing sebesar (14,23 cm dan 3,17 cm) serta mempunyai jumlah cabang yang lebih banyak (12,5) dibandingkan dengan tanaman cabai yang ditanam di lahan terbuka, (2) kombinasi penggunaan shelter dan Atecu 10 ml/l efektif mengendalikan OPT penting pada tanaman cabai merah dengan tingkat efikasi berkisar antara 33,56–75,0% serta dapat mengurangi penggunaan pestisida sebesar 50% bila dibandingkan dengan teknologi konvensional, dan (3) bentuk rain shelter yang paling baik adalah bentuk melengkung yang dipasang pada musim penghujan dan mampu meningkatkan hasil panen sebesar 26,32% atau sebesar 20,59 ton/ha. Dari hasil tersebut dapat direkomendasikan bahwa penggunaan rain shelter sebagai salah satu teknologi budidaya cabai off season.KeywordsCapsicum annuum L; Rain shelter; Biopestisida Atecu; Budidaya di luar musim; Hama dan penyakitAbstractThe use of rain shelter is solution to solve chilli cultivation problems during rainy season which has long period rainy season. Biological control agent (BCA) included biopesticide (Atecu) also plays important role for solving the problems on chilli cultivation. The aim of the research was to obtain chilli cultivation technology in the off season which is effective to reduce yield losses due to incidence of pests and diseases on chilli ≥30%. The research was conducted in Margahayu Station from August 2016 to March 2017. Randomized block design with six treatments and four replications were used in this. The applications of rain shelter at planting time and rainy season (four treatments) and chilli planting at open field (two treatments) were used. The result showed that: (1) plant height and canopy width grown inside rain shelter were significantly longer (14.23 cm and 3.17 cm), had more branches (12.5) than those grown under open field condition, (2) the combination of rain shelter and biopesticide (Atecu) could reduce the risk of pest and disease, mainly in the rainy season with % of efficacy 33,56 – 75,0% and reduced used of pesticide up to 50% compared with conventional technology, and (3) the highest yields was found at Rain Shelter with curved shape applied at rainy season 20.59 ton/ha (26.32%). According to the results, the use of rain shelter can be recommended as one of technology for chilli cultivation during rainy season.

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Paecilomyces and Its Importance in the Biological Control of Agricultural Pests and Diseases

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants9121746 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1746

Author(s):

Alejandro Moreno-Gavíra ◽

Victoria Huertas ◽

Fernando Diánez ◽

Brenda Sánchez-Montesinos ◽

Mila Santos

Keyword(s):

Biological Control ◽

Crop Production ◽

Biological Control Agent ◽

Control Agent ◽

Mechanisms Of Action ◽

Biological Control Agents ◽

Agricultural Pests ◽

Pests And Diseases ◽

Promising Strategy ◽

Agricultural Use

Incorporating beneficial microorganisms in crop production is the most promising strategy for maintaining agricultural productivity and reducing the use of inorganic fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides. Numerous microorganisms have been described in the literature as biological control agents for pests and diseases, although some have not yet been commercialised due to their lack of viability or efficacy in different crops. Paecilomyces is a cosmopolitan fungus that is mainly known for its nematophagous capacity, but it has also been reported as an insect parasite and biological control agent of several fungi and phytopathogenic bacteria through different mechanisms of action. In addition, species of this genus have recently been described as biostimulants of plant growth and crop yield. This review includes all the information on the genus Paecilomyces as a biological control agent for pests and diseases. Its growth rate and high spore production rate in numerous substrates ensures the production of viable, affordable, and efficient commercial formulations for agricultural use.

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Electron microscope study of the effects of radiation on insect fertility

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100157905 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 48 (3) ◽

pp. 72-73

Author(s):

Judy Ju-Hu Chiang ◽

Robert Kuo-Cheng Chen

Keyword(s):

Electron Microscopy ◽

Germ Cell ◽

Germ Cells ◽

Electron Microscope Study ◽

Radiation Treatment ◽

Light And Electron Microscopy ◽

Stem Borer ◽

Metabolic Energy ◽

Rice Stem Borer ◽

Effects Of Radiation

Germ cells from the rice stem borer Chilo suppresalis, were examined by light and electron microscopy. Damages to organelles within the germ cells were observed. The mitochondria, which provide the cell with metabolic energy, were seen to disintegrate within the germ cell. Lysosomes within the germ cell were also seen to disintegrate. The subsequent release of hydrolytic enzymesmay be responsible for the destruction of organelles within the germ cell. Insect spermatozoa were seen to lose the ability to move because of radiation treatment. Damage to the centrioles, one of which is in contact with the tail, may be involved in causing sperm immobility.

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