scholarly journals Potensi Pengembangan Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw)di Lahan Terdegradasi

Perspektif ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIBYO PRANOWO ◽  
MAMAN HERMAN ◽  
. SYAFARUDDIN
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Degraded Land ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Alternative Sources

<p>ABSTRAK<br /><br />Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) merupakan salah satu jenis tanaman penghasil minyak nabati yang memiliki potensi besar sebagai sumber bahan baku untuk biodiesel. Tingkat produktivitas yang dapat mencapai 8-9 ton minyak kasar atau setara dengan 6-8 ton biodiesel/ha/tahun memiliki nilai strategis terkait dengan program pemerintah dalam mencari alternatif sumber energi baru yang terbarukan. Pengembangan sumber energi terbarukan seperti yang berasal dari minyak nabati kemiri sunan merupakan salah satu alternatif dalam upaya memenuhi defisit energi untuk keperluan domestik sehingga Indonesia dapat keluar dari himpitan krisis energi. Lahan-lahan yang telah terdegradasi di Indonesia dari tahun ke tahun luasnya semakin bertambah baik karena faktor alam maupun karena eksploitasi yang tidak terkendali. Disisi lain pengembangan tanaman sumber BBN terkendala karena keterbatasan lahan. Kajian yang telah dilakukan secara intensif terhadap karakteristik tanaman, minyak dan biodiesel yang dihasilkannya, serta daya adaptasinya yang sangat luas terhadap beragam agroekosistem yang ada di Indonesia, tanaman kemiri sunan memberikan harapan yang baik disamping sebagai sumber bahan baku biodiesel, juga dapat berfungsi sebagai tanaman konservasi untuk mereklamasi lahan-lahan marginal yang telah terdegradasi. Disamping itu, pengembangan tanaman kemiri sunan di lahan yang telah terdegradasi tidak hanya akan dapat meningkatkan nilai ekonomi lahan tersebut, tetapi juga dapat dijadikan tanaman yang bernilai ekonomi tinggi, serta mampu menyediakan kebutuhan energi bagi masyarakat sekitar maupun ke wilayah yang lebih luas. <br />Kata kunci: Kemiri sunan, biodiesel, energi baru terbarukan, lahan terdegradasi, lahan bekas tambang.<br /><br />ABSTRACT</p><p>The Multiple Benefits of Developing Kemiri Sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) In Degraded Land<br /><br />Kemiri sunan (Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw) is one kind of vegetable oil crops that have great potential as a source of raw material for biodiesel. The productivity level that can reach 8-9 tons of crude oil, equivalent to 6-8 tons of biodiesel/ha/year make as a strategic commodity associated with government programs to find alternative sources of renewable energy. Development of renewable energy such as from vegetable oils of kemiri sunan is one of the alternatives in an effort to solve the deficit of energy for domestic use so that Indonesia can way out of the crush of the energy crisis. Lands that have been degraded in Indonesia continuously increasing both cause of the extent of natural factors and uncontrolled exploitation. On the other hand the development of this plants retricted by aviability of land. The research88 Volume 14 Nomor 2, Des 2015 : 87 - 101 studies have been conducted on the characteristics of plants, oil and biodiesel production, and adaptability in very broadly of Indonesian agro-ecosystem, this plant show well hopes besides as a source of raw material for biodiesel, it can also function as a conservation plant to reclaim marginal lands that have been degraded. In addition, the development of kemiri sunan on degraded land will not only be able to increase the economic value of the land, but also can be used as crops of high economic value, and able to provide for the energy needs of the surrounding communities and to the wider region.<br />Keywords: Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) Airy Shaw, biodiesel, renewable energy, degraded land, post mained land.</p>

scholarly journals Sunflower Genotype Selection for Oil Production in the Pre-Amazon Region of Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Francirose Shigaki ◽  
Ludhanna Marinho Veras ◽  
Elane Tyara de Jesus Siqueira ◽  
José Roberto Brito Freitas ◽  
Mayanna Karlla Lima Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Period ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Amazon Region ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Alternative Source ◽  
Animal Fats ◽  
Oil Crops ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
High Production ◽  
Alternative Sources

Part of the energy consumed in the world comes from limited sources, which eventually are expected to be depleted. The search for alternative sources to meet energy needs is crucial. Biodiesel derived from vegetable oils and animal fats stands out as a biodegradable and renewable alternative source of energy. Sunflower is among the top four oil crops produced worldwide, and Brazil has a high production potential for this crop. This study aimed to identify the sunflower genotypes with the highest potential for biodiesel production in the Pre-amazon region of Brazil, where the advance of agricultural frontier represents an important role on biodiesel production. This study was conducted over 2 years of observations. The following genotypes were used: M734 (T), Helio358, EMBRAPA 122, and BRS G 35. The following parameters were assessed: initial flowering date (IFD), physiological maturity date (PMD), plant height (PH), grain yield (YIELD), thousand achene weight (TAW), and oil content (%OC). The climatic conditions of each experimental period were distinctive and directly affected the results obtained. The genotype Embrapa 122 showed the best performance regarding yield and was recommended for the pre-Amazon region of Brazil as the best adapted genotype to the local environmental conditions.

Utilization of pomegranate waste-peel as a novel substrate for biodiesel production by Bacillus cereus (MF908505)

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 1199-1207
Author(s):  
Amruta P. Kanakdande ◽  
Chandrahasya N. Khobragade ◽  
Rajaram S. Mane
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy Source ◽  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Bacillus Cereus ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Energy Needs

The continuous rising demands and fluctuations in the prices of fossil fuels warrant searching for an alternative renewable energy source to manage the energy needs.

scholarly journals Exergy analysis of conventional and hydrothermal liquefaction–esterification processes of microalgae for biodiesel production

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 874-881
Author(s):  
Laras Prasakti ◽  
Sangga Hadi Pratama ◽  
Ardian Fauzi ◽  
Yano Surya Pradana ◽  
Arief Budiman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Exergy Analysis ◽  
Lipid Extraction ◽  
Hydrothermal Liquefaction ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Exergy Loss ◽  
Thermochemical Conversion ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Land Utilization

AbstractAs fossil fuels were depleting at an alarming rate, the development of renewable energy has become necessary. One of the promising renewable energy to be used is biodiesel. The interest in using third-generation feedstock, which is microalgae, is rapidly growing. The use of third-generation biodiesel feedstock will be more beneficial as it does not compete with food crop use and land utilization. The advantageous characteristic which sets microalgae apart from other biomass sources is that microalgae have high biomass yield. Conventionally, microalgae biodiesel is produced by lipid extraction followed by transesterification. In this study, combination process between hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) and esterification is explored. The HTL process is one of the biomass thermochemical conversion methods to produce liquid fuel. In this study, the HTL process will be coupled with esterification, which takes fatty acid from HTL as raw material for producing biodiesel. Both the processes will be studied by simulating with Aspen Plus and thermodynamic analysis in terms of energy and exergy. Based on the simulation process, it was reported that both processes demand similar energy consumption. However, exergy analysis shows that total exergy loss of conventional exergy loss is greater than the HTL-esterification process.

scholarly journals Respon Pemberian Paclobutrazol pada Beberapa Varietas Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) di Lahan Sawah Sesudah Padi

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 30
Author(s):  
Budi Santoso ◽  
Fitriningdyah Tri Kadarwati
Keyword(s):  
Gossypium Hirsutum ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Natural Fibre ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Paddy Fields ◽  
Cotton Production ◽  
Gossypium Hirsutum L ◽  
Marginal Lands ◽  
Productivity Level ◽  
Randomized Block Design

<p>Kapas (Gossypium hirsutum L.) merupakan penghasil serat alam yang digunakan untuk bahan baku tekstil. Pengembangan kapas diarahkan ke lahan-lahan marginal, walaupun sebagian ada yang ditanam pada sawah sesudah padi. Tingkat produktivitas serat kapas, saat ini masih rendah sekitar 0,8 sampai dengan 1 ton per hektar. Usaha peningkatan produksi kapas antara lain dengan pemberian zat stimulan (paclobutrazol), teruta-ma untuk memacu pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif seperti tinggi tanaman, jumlah cabang, jumlah bu-nga, dan jumlah buah. Kedua komponen tersebut menjadi penentu hasil serat. Paclobutrazol adalah zat stimu-lan bagi tanaman. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Sumberrejo, Bojonegoro pada bulan Mei sam-pai dengan Oktober 2010, pada lahan sawah sesudah padi. Perlakuan disusun secara faktorial dengan meng-gunakan rancangan acak kelompok yang diulang sebanyak empat kali. Sebagai faktor pertama adalah 4 varietas kapas yang terdiri atas 1) Kanesia 8, 2) Kanesia 13, 3) Kanesia 14, dan 4) Kanesia 15. Faktor kedua adalah pemberian paclobutrazol melalui penyemprotan pada tanaman dengan dosis: a) 0; b) 1,50 l/ha diberikan sekali pada umur 60 hari; dan c) 1,50 l/ha diberikan dua kali umur 60 hari dan 75 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kapas varietas Kanesia 8 dan 13 yang ditanam di lahan sawah sesudah padi mempunyai pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif optimal, kemudian disusul dengan Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, dan Ka-nesia 15. Paclobutrazol yang disemprotkan pada tanaman kapas, tidak berpengaruh nyata terhadap pertumbuhan baik vegetatif maupun generatif. Hasil kapas berbiji untuk varietas kapas Kanesia 8 dan Kanesia 13 sama, masing-masing sebesar 1.643 kg/ha dan 1.686 kg/ha.</p><p> </p><p>Cotton is a natural fibre crop for some textile raw material. The development of cotton is directed mainly to marginal lands, although few of it is planted in paddy fields after rice harvested. The productivity level of cotton fibre, is still low, about 0.8 to 1 ton per hectare. Effort to increase cotton production is done through the application of growth regulator aiming at enhancing to the growth of plant height, number of branches, number of flower, and boll. These components are fibre determinans. Research conducted at Sumberrejo Ex-perimental Garden, Bojonegoro from May to October 2010, in paddy fields after rice harvested. Factorial treat-ment arranged using randomized block design repeated four times. The first factor consisting of four cotton varieties: 1) Kanesia 8, 2) Kanesia 13, 3) Kanesia 14, and 4) Kanesia 15. The second factor is application of pa-clobutrazol by spraying the plants with usage of: a) 0, b) 1.50 l/ha given once at age 60 days, and c) 1.50 l/ ha given twice at the age of 60 days and 75 days. The research showed that Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 13 varie-ties gave optimum vegetative and generative growth followed with Kanesia 13, Kanesia 14, and Kanesia 15. Paclobutrazol did not contribute significant effect on the growth of both vegetative and generative of cotton. The productivity of seed cotton of Kanesia 8 and Kanesia 13, 1,643 kg/ha and 1,686 kg/ha, respectively.</p>

scholarly journals Techno-economic evaluation of integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant design based on oil palm empty fruit bunches

2021 ◽  
Vol 926 (1) ◽  
pp. 012064
Author(s):  
Muryanto ◽  
K L Putri ◽  
P Srinophakun ◽  
M Gozan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Levulinic Acid ◽  
Net Present Value ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Production Capacity ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Selling Price ◽  
Plant Design

Abstract Currently, renewable energy started to become a focus of the world as it can be an alternative to fossil energy. Bioethanol is the result of glucose fermentation derived from lignocellulosic raw material (second-generation bioethanol). As one of the countries with the most significant biomass resources globally, Indonesia has a huge opportunity to develop the bioethanol industry. Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch (OPEFB) is the most significant solid waste generated by oil palm plantations. Levulinic acid can be used as a chemical platform for biodiesel production, which has a higher selling price than bioethanol. In this research, techno-economic evaluation of integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant based on OPEFB was conducted. Optimization of production capacity is done to determine the suitable plant capacity so that the integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant is feasible to be developed. Based on simulation results with SuperPro Design 9.5 and analysis of the economic value, Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Return Rate (IRR), and the payback period is 53.939.000 USD; 29,77%; and 4,52 years, respectively. In conclusion, an integrated levulinic acid-bioethanol plant based on OPEFB has fulfilled the economic parameters of a chemical plant.

Biogas Power System: A Step towards Utilization of Clean Renewable Energy Resource for Providing Optimum Energy Needs of Rural Areas in India

2014 ◽  
Vol 592-594 ◽  
pp. 2336-2340
Author(s):  
Disha Dewangan ◽  
Shobha Lata Sinha ◽  
Jasinta Poonam Ekka
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power System ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Operating Cost ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Free Atmosphere ◽  
Energy Needs ◽  
Optimum Energy ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Break Even Point

The depletion of fossil fuel resources on a worldwide basis has necessitated an urgent search for alternative sources like biomass to meet our present demands. The present work deals with a Bio-gas power system for the generation of power in rural areas. A Bio-gas operated power plant is designed by calculating the electrical load requirement of the township. Bio-gas system serves dual purpose i.e for cooking and also for electricity. The economic analysis, payback period and Break-even point have been analyzed for the whole system. In addition carbon credit analysis has been done for the system. In the present scenario, Biogas system has been designed to increase the system efficiency and the use of renewable energy with very less operating cost and pollution free atmosphere. Keywords:Biogas,economicanalysis,paybackperiod,break-even point,carboncredit.

scholarly journals Edukasi Jelantah sebagai Sumber Energi pada Kelompok Ibu Rumah Tangga di Desa Petir, Bogor

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
Dyah Wulandani ◽  
Leopold Oscar Nelwan ◽  
Dwi Setyaningsih
Keyword(s):  
Economic Value ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Cooking Oil ◽  
Used Cooking Oil ◽  
Local Site ◽  
Water Ecosystems ◽  
Simple Technology ◽  
Very High

Jelantah is the used cooking oil. After being used more than three times for frying, the oil will be oxidized by ambient air, and dangerous free radical compounds are formed. Consuming of jelantah in certain amounts, can trigger diseases such as blockage of blood vessels, cancer and nervous disorders. In addition, jelantah discharged into the drains will cause blockage of drains and kill water ecosystems. However, jelantah can be used as an energy source and other products that have economic value. The purpose of this activity is to provide education for groups of housewives in Babakan Gang Salak, Petir Village, Bogor Regency regarding the dangers and benefits of jelantah, introducing simple technology of biodiesel production. The methods used include questionnaires, training and monitoring. The 1st, 2nd and 3rd trainings were held with different participants in the same location. The the participants’ enthusiasm and local site leaders was very high and they wished training for a wider range of participants. The training has been conducted successfully, which was showed that most of the participants could increase their skills and knowledge about the dangers and benefits of jelantah is biodiesel production. This knowledge is supposed to be applied in everyday life by not consuming jelantah for frying food, but it is used as a raw material for biodiesel production.

Mango (Magnifera indica) seed oil grown in Dilla town as potential raw material for biodiesel production using NaOH- a homogeneous catalyst

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chem Int
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Methyl Esters ◽  
Pollution Prevention ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Homogeneous Catalyst ◽  
Minimal Amount

Biodiesel produced by transesterification process from vegetable oils or animal fats is viewed as a promising renewable energy source. Now a day’s diminishing of petroleum reserves in the ground and increasing environmental pollution prevention and regulations have made searching for renewable oxygenated energy sources from biomasses. Biodiesel is non-toxic, renewable, biodegradable, environmentally benign, energy efficient and diesel substituent fuel used in diesel engine which contributes minimal amount of global warming gases such as CO, CO2, SO2, NOX, unburned hydrocarbons, and particulate matters. The chemical composition of the biodiesel was examined by help of GC-MS and five fatty acid methyl esters such as methyl palmitate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, methyl linoleate and methyl linoleneate were identified. The variables that affect the amount of biodiesel such as methanol/oil molar ratio, mass weight of catalyst and temperature were studied. In addition to this the physicochemical properties of the biodiesel such as (density, kinematic viscosity, iodine value high heating value, flash point, acidic value, saponification value, carbon residue, peroxide value and ester content) were determined and its corresponding values were 87 Kg/m3, 5.63 Mm2/s, 39.56 g I/100g oil, 42.22 MJ/Kg, 132oC, 0.12 mgKOH/g, 209.72 mgKOH/g, 0.04%wt, 12.63 meq/kg, and 92.67 wt% respectively. The results of the present study showed that all physicochemical properties lie within the ASTM and EN biodiesel standards. Therefore, mango seed oil methyl ester could be used as an alternative to diesel engine.

scholarly journals Economic and Sustainability of Biodiesel Production—A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-36
Author(s):  
Tamás Mizik ◽  
Gábor Gyarmati
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Biodiesel Production ◽  
Important Research Topic ◽  
The Social ◽  
High Production

As Earth’s fossil energy resources are limited, there is a growing need for renewable resources such as biodiesel. That is the reason why the social, economic and environmental impacts of biofuels became an important research topic in the last decade. Depleted stocks of crude oil and the significant level of environmental pollution encourage researchers and professionals to seek and find solutions. The study aims to analyze the economic and sustainability issues of biodiesel production by a systematic literature review. During this process, 53 relevant studies were analyzed out of 13,069 identified articles. Every study agrees that there are several concerns about the first-generation technology; however, further generations cannot be price-competitive at this moment due to the immature technology and high production costs. However, there are promising alternatives, such as wastewater-based microalgae with up to 70% oil content, fat, oils and grease (FOG), when production cost is below 799 USD/gallon, and municipal solid waste-volatile fatty acids technology, where the raw material is free. Proper management of the co-products (mainly glycerol) is essential, especially at the currently low petroleum prices (0.29 USD/L), which can only be handled by the biorefineries. Sustainability is sometimes translated as cost efficiency, but the complex interpretation is becoming more common. Common elements of sustainability are environmental and social, as well as economic, issues.

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