Inefficiencies in Motor Strategies of Horn Players with Embouchure Dystonia: Comparisons to Elite Performers

Many epidemiological surveys on playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMPs) have been carried out on professional musicians, but none have evaluated or confirmed the psychometric properties of the instruments that were used. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of PRMPs among professional orchestra musicians and to gather information on pain intensity and pain interference on function and psychosocial variables, using a self-report instrument developed and validated specifically for a population of professional orchestra musicians. METHODS: Out of 183 professional orchestra players, 101 took part in the study (55% response rate) and completed the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM). RESULTS: Lifetime prevalence of PRMPs was 77.2%, 1-year prevalence was 45.5%, and point prevalence was 36.6%. Of the PRMP group, 43% reported having pain in three or more locations, most commonly the right upper limb, neck, and left forearm and elbow. However, predominant sites of PRMPs varied between instrument groups. The mean pain intensity score for the PRMP group was 12.4±7.63 (out of 40). The mean pain interference score was 15.2±12.39 (out of 50), increasing significantly with the number of reported pain locations (F=3.009, p=0.044). CONCLUSION: This study confirms that musculoskeletal complaints are common in elite professional musicians and that the use of an operational definition and a validated self-report instrument allows for more accurate and meaningful estimates of pain prevalence.

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Prevalence of Playing-Related Musculoskeletal Problems Among Professional Orchestra Musicians in South Africa: A Study Using the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM)

Medical Problems of Performing Artists ◽

10.21091/mppa.2021.4027 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 36 (4) ◽

pp. 238-244

Author(s):

Clorinda Panebianco

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Musculoskeletal Pain ◽

Self Report ◽

Full Time ◽

Professional Musicians ◽

Musculoskeletal Problems ◽

Part Time ◽

The Mean ◽

Orchestral Musicians

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of playing-related musculoskeletal problems (PRMPs) in professional musicians is well documented in the literature, but few studies have been done on South African professional musicians. OBJECTIVE: The present study aimed to evaluate the prevalence of PRMPs, pain intensity, and pain interference among full-time and part-time orchestral musicians, using a validated self-report instrument specifically designed for musicians. METHODS: Seventy-nine full-time and part-time professional orchestral musicians took part in the study and completed the Musculoskeletal Pain Intensity and Interference Questionnaire for Musicians (MPIIQM). RESULTS: A lifetime prevalence of PRMPs was 76% and point prevalence 30%. Of the PRMP group, 30% experienced current pain that interfered with their ability to play. Upper strings players reported the most PRMPs. The most commonly reported pain locations were right and left upper limb, neck, forearm, and elbow. The mean pain intensity score for the PRMP group was 16.3 (SD 6.62) (out of 40) and the mean pain interference score was 21.2 (9.98) (out of 50). Female musicians reported experiencing pain more frequently and intensely and also reported more pain sites than males. CONCLUSIONS: This study, the first to make use of a validated self-report instrument, shows that musculoskeletal problems are common among full-time and part-time professional orchestral musicians in South Africa.

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Effect of Analgesia on Complication Free Postoperative Outcome among Day-Care ENT Surgeries in a Tertiary Care Hospital

Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare ◽

10.18410/jebmh/2020/598 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (49) ◽

pp. 2923-2927

Author(s):

Jayachandran C.G ◽

Sanjay Sahadevan ◽

Sandhya M.S

Keyword(s):

Postoperative Pain ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Postoperative Period ◽

Day Care ◽

Pain Intensity Score ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Female Ratio ◽

Associated Symptoms ◽

The Mean ◽

Care Surgery

BACKGROUND Day-care procedures have become accepted and popular among the surgeons and anaesthesiologists all over the world in recent times especially for ENT surgeries. The economic and financial implications are making them acceptable among the general population also. Alleviating acute pain during immediate postoperative period plays a crucial role in deciding the fitness for discharge of the patient. We wanted to evaluate the pain intensity and observe the role of analgesia in its alleviation in postoperative period following day-care ENT surgeries. METHODS 96 adult patients undergoing various types of day-care surgeries in the department of ENT were included in this study. The pain scores were measured using Verbal Pain Intensity Score (VPIS) at frequent two hourly intervals. Opioids, and Paracetamol were used as analgesics. Antiemetic Ondansetron was used to combat nausea and vomiting. The effect of analgesics was assessed using mean values and Friedman test for repeated measures. RESULTS Out of 96 patients 55 (57.29 %) were males and 41 (42.70 %) were females with a male to female ratio of 1.4:1. The mean age was 31.50 ± 4.15 years. 32 / 96 (33.33 %) ear surgeries, 26 / 96 (27.08 %) nose surgeries, 22 / 96 (22.91 %) throat surgeries and 16 / 96 (16.66 %) head and neck surgeries were performed. Moderate to extremely intense grade pain was noticed in 75 / 93 (80.64 %) patients. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of moderate to extremely intense acute postoperative pain in 75 / 93 (80.64 %) patients was high. But the analgesics prescribed were effective to control the pain and the mean pain intensity was less than 2 in 14 hours, hence 85 / 96 (88.54 %) patients could be discharged in time. The associated symptoms were managed with supportive care and required no additional medications and these patients were discharged after overnight stay. KEYWORDS Day-Care Surgery, Analgesia, Opioids, VPIS, Associated Symptoms, Postoperative Pain

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Prevalence and Determinants of Pain and Pain-Related Disability in Urban and Rural Settings in Southeastern Ontario

Pain Research and Management ◽

10.1155/2006/720895 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 225-233 ◽

Cited By ~ 41

Author(s):

Dean A Tripp ◽

Elizabeth G VanDenKerkhof ◽

Margo McAlister

Keyword(s):

Health Care ◽

Chronic Pain ◽

Health Status ◽

Health Care Utilization ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Pain Interference ◽

Urban Region ◽

Care Utilization ◽

The Past ◽

Pain Prevalence

BACKGROUND: Canadian chronic pain prevalence estimates range from 11% to 66%, are affected by sampling and measurement bias, and largely represent urban settings.OBJECTIVES: To estimate chronic pain prevalence and factors associated with pain in southeastern Ontario, a region with a larger rural than urban residence.METHODS: A systematic sampling with a random start was used to contact households. A telephone-administered questionnaire using the Graded Chronic Pain Scale, with questions on health care and medication use, health status, depression and demographics, was administered to consenting adults (18 to 94 years of age; mean age 50.2±16.6 years).RESULTS: The response rate was 49% (1067 of 2167), with 76% reporting some pain over the past six months. Low pain intensity with low pain interference prevalence was 34% (grade I), high pain intensity with low pain interference was 26% (grade II), and high pain intensity with high pain interference was 17% (grades III and IV). Of those reporting pain, 49% reported chronic pain (ie, pain for a minimum of 90 days over the past six months) representing 37% of the sample. Being female, unmarried, lower income, poorer self-reported health status and rural residence were associated with increasing pain. Once depression was considered in this pain analysis, residence was no longer significant. Lower rates of health care utilization were reported by rural residents. In those reporting the highest pain grades, poor health, greater medication and health care use, depression and more pain sites were associated with higher odds for pain-related disability.CONCLUSION: There is an elevated prevalence of pain in this almost equally split rural/urban region. Further examination of health care utilization and depression is suggested in chronic pain prevalence research.

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ODI Cannot Account for All Variation in PROMIS Scores in Patients With Thoracolumbar Disorders

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568219851478 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 399-405

Author(s):

Peter G. Passias ◽

Samantha R. Horn ◽

Frank A. Segreto ◽

Cole A. Bortz ◽

Katherine E. Pierce ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Linear Regression ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Physical Function ◽

Social Life ◽

Thoracolumbar Spine ◽

Pain Interference ◽

Pain Intensity Score ◽

Low Back ◽

Patient Reported ◽

The Relationship

Study Design: Retrospective review of single institution. Objective: To assess the relationship between Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores in thoracolumbar patients. Methods: Included: Patients ≥18 years with a thoracolumbar spine condition (spinal stenosis, disc herniation, low back pain, disc degeneration, spondylolysis). Bivariate correlations assessed the linear relationships between ODI and PROMIS (Physical Function, Pain Intensity, and Pain Interference). Correlation cutoffs assessed patients with high and low correlation between ODI and PROMIS. Linear regression predicted the relationship of ODI to PROMIS. Results: A total of 206 patients (age 53.7 ± 16.6 years, 49.5% female) were included. ODI correlated with PROMIS Physical Function ( r = −0.763, P < .001), Pain Interference ( r = 0.800, P < .001), and Pain Intensity ( r = 0.706, P < .001). ODI strongly predicted PROMIS for Physical Function ( R2 = 0.58, P < .001), Pain Intensity ( R2 = 0.50, P < .001), and Pain Interference ( R2 = 0.64, P < .001); however, there is variability in PROMIS that ODI cannot account for. ODI questions about sitting and sleeping were weakly correlated across the 3 PROMIS domains. Linear regression showed overall ODI score as accounting for 58.3% ( R2 = 0.583) of the variance in PROMIS Physical Function, 63.9% ( R2 = 0.639) of the variance in Pain Interference score, and 49.9% ( R2 = 0.499) of the variance in Pain Intensity score. Conclusions: There is a large amount of variability with PROMIS that cannot be accounted for with ODI. ODI questions regarding walking, social life, and lifting ability correlate strongly with PROMIS while sitting, standing, and sleeping do not. These results reinforce the utility of PROMIS as a valid assessment for low back disability, while indicating the need for further evaluation of the factors responsible for variation between PROMIS and ODI.

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The role of positive goal engagement in increased mental well-being among individuals with chronic non-cancer pain

British Journal of Pain ◽

10.1177/2049463718824857 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (4) ◽

pp. 230-238

Author(s):

Joanne E Iddon ◽

Peter J Taylor ◽

Jen Unwin ◽

Joanne M Dickson

Keyword(s):

Chronic Pain ◽

Pain Intensity ◽

Well Being ◽

Protective Role ◽

Self Report ◽

Pain Interference ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Positive Goal ◽

Mental Well Being

Individuals with chronic pain commonly report significant functional impairment and reduced quality of life. Despite this, little is known about psychological processes and mechanisms underpinning enhancements in well-being within this population. The study aimed to investigate whether (1) increased levels of pain intensity and interference were associated with lower levels of mental well-being, (2) increased positive goal engagement was associated with higher levels of mental well-being and (3) whether the relationships between pain characteristics and mental well-being were mediated by increased positive goal engagement. A total of 586 individuals with chronic pain participated in the cross-sectional, online study. Participants completed self-report measures to assess pain intensity and interference, mental well-being and goal motivation variables. Results showed that pain interference and positive goal engagement were associated with mental well-being. Moreover, the relationship between pain interference and mental well-being was partially mediated by positive goal engagement. The results provide tentative evidence for the protective role of positive goal engagement in enabling individuals with chronic pain to maintain a sense of mental well-being. The study develops the biopsychosocial model of chronic pain by examining the roles and relationships of relevant yet previously unexplored psychological constructs. The promotion of mental well-being through the enhancement of positive goal engagement is discussed, offering a platform for further research and clinical interventions.

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A Comparison of Two Pain Assessment Tools, the Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool and PAINReportIt and Use of the Composite Pain Index in Sickle Cell Disease

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v116.21.2648.2648 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 116 (21) ◽

pp. 2648-2648

Author(s):

A. Kyle Mack ◽

Stephanie Pelligra ◽

Richard J. Labotka ◽

Robert Molokie ◽

Young O Kim ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Sickle Cell ◽

Pain Assessment ◽

Assessment Tool ◽

Clinic Visit ◽

Assessment Tools ◽

Pain Intensity Score ◽

Pediatric Pain ◽

The Mean ◽

Multidimensional Representation

Abstract Abstract 2648 Introduction: Pain is a common acute and chronic complication of sickle cell disease (SCD) in pediatric patients. However there are very few pain assessment tools that can assess patients for the multidimensional components of pain. The Adolescent Pediatric Pain Tool (APPT) is a validated, self-administered paper and pencil pain assessment tool validated in children and adolescents. The McGill Pain questionnaire (MPQ) is a pain assessment tool validated in adolescents and adults. PAINReportIt (PR) is a self-administered, computerized version of the MPQ. The APPT and PR can each be administered in a single outpatient clinic visit. The Composite Pain Index (CPI), a multidimensional representation of pain, can be calculated with both the APPT and PR. It is calculated by summing the individual standardized-scores for each of the four pain dimensions: (1) number of sites, (2) intensity, (3) total pain rating index, and (4) the pain pattern score. The use of these tools can present pain as the all-important 5th vital sign and may assist providers in the treatment of the multiple components of pain in pediatric SCD. The aim of this study was to compare the use of two pain assessment tools, the APPT and PR in pediatric SCD patients with respect to the composite pain index and the multiple dimensions of pain. Patients/Methods: Patients with the following genotypes were eligible for this study: Hb SS, Hb SC, Hb Sb0-thalassemia, and Hb Sb+-thalassemia. Patients who were 14 years and older were eligible to complete both tools on a single, outpatient visit to a comprehensive SCD clinic. The number of pain sites, intensity and the CPI were analyzed with descriptive, correlation, and independent t-test statistics. Results: 57 patients completed both pain tools. The mean age was 17.5 +/− 2.6 years (mean +/− SD). There were 29 females (51%) and 28 males (49%). 84% of the patients had Hb SS; 14% had Hb SC and 2% had Hb Sb0-thalassemia. Pain was described in every body segment, with the most frequent sites including the: back, legs, chest, and abdomen. Pain intensity was moderate for the average subject (mean pain intensity score out of 10 was 3.7 +/− 2.6 for PR and 4.3 +/− 3.2 with the APPT, r=.46, p<.01). The mean CPI was 201.1 +/− 26.9 with PR and 200 +/− 30.5 with the APPT (mean +/− SD). There was a strong correlation with the CPI between PR and the APPT (r=.73, p<.01). Mean PR CPI scores were not significantly different for females (206.5 +/− 29.7) and males (195.6 +/− 22.9). Mean APPT CPI scores were significantly different (p=.01) for females (206.3 +/− 35) than males (193.5 +/− 24.1). There were no differences in mean APPT CPI scores by genotype or age groups. Conclusion: Pain in SCD patients is a common complication with significant morbidity. In this study we found on a single, outpatient comprehensive sickle cell clinic visit that patients had pain in every body segment and had pain in multiple body sites. Patients in this study had moderate pain during a routine outpatient clinic visit. The Composite Pain Index is a multidimensional representation of pain that can be determined with both the APPT and PR. This study demonstrates that both the APPT and PR produced similar CPI scores in pediatric and adult SCD patients. The gender differences in CPI scores produced by the APPT in comparison to PR is likely due to the APPT having only one pain intensity score (pain now) to contribute to the CPI whereas PR has 3 pain intensity scores (pain now, least and worst pain in previous 24 hours). The significance of this study is that the CPI may be an important outcome variable to allow researchers and clinicians to compare the complexities of the chronic pain that pediatric and adult patients with SCD experience. Disclosures: Labotka: HemaQuest Pharmaceuticals, Inc: Research Funding.

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The Effectiveness Of 30-40 Mm Hg Compression Stockings To Treat Acute Leg Pain Associated With Proximal Deep Vein Thrombosis: Results From The Sox Randomized Controlled Trial

Blood ◽

10.1182/blood.v122.21.1126.1126 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 122 (21) ◽

pp. 1126-1126

Author(s):

Susan R. Kahn ◽

Stan Shapiro ◽

Adrielle H Houweling ◽

Thierry Ducruet ◽

Philip S. Wells ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Pain Intensity ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Self Report ◽

Leg Pain ◽

Venous Blood Flow ◽

Pain Intensity Score ◽

Compression Stockings ◽

Pain Scores ◽

Time Point

Abstract Background Acute deep venous thrombosis (DVT) is associated with leg pain and discomfort. Elastic compression stockings (ECS) have the potential to improve DVT-related leg pain by reducing the diameter of distended veins, increasing venous blood flow and reducing venous hypertension. To date, however, the effect of ECS on DVT-related leg pain has not been studied. In the SOX Trial, a randomized trial of active ECS vs. placebo ECS to prevent the post-thrombotic syndrome, we measured leg pain intensity at baseline and at several time-points during follow-up. Objective In a secondary, non-prespecified analysis of the SOX Trial, to determine whether active ECS, compared with placebo (sham) stockings, are effective to reduce leg pain associated with acute proximal DVT. Methods We did a multicenter (24 centres in Canada and U.S.) randomized placebo controlled trial of active ECS vs. placebo ECS after a first, symptomatic proximal DVT. Active ECS were knee length, 30-40 mm Hg (Class II) graduated ECS. Placebo ECS were manufactured to appear identical to active ECS but lacked therapeutic compression. Study stockings were worn on the DVT-affected leg daily and continued for up to 2 years. Exclusion criteria were >10 days since DVT diagnosis, not planned to be treated with anticoagulants, known peripheral arterial disease or limb phlegmasia, anticipated lifespan < 6 months, inability of patient or caregiver to apply ECS, thrombolysis to treat DVT, geographically inaccessible for follow-up visits or unable to give informed consent. Leg pain intensity was assessed on a 10-point Visual Analog Scale (0, no pain; 10, worst possible pain) via patient self-report at baseline, 14 days, 1 month and 60 days after randomization. We compared mean pain scores at each time point in the active ECS vs. placebo ECS groups using t-tests. We repeated this analysis, restricted to patients who reported daily stockings use at the 1 month visit (the first visit at which frequency of stocking use was assessed). We conducted pre-specified subgroup analyses by age, sex, and extent of DVT. Results are presented as mean difference (95% confidence interval [CI]) in pain intensity score between groups. All statistical tests were 2-sided and significance was set at P<0.05. Results 410 patients were randomized to active ECS and 396 to placebo ECS. One and 2 patients, respectively, were found to be ineligible soon after randomization and excluded from the analysis. Mean time from DVT diagnosis to randomization was 4.7 days. Baseline characteristics were similar in the 2 groups (60% male, mean age 55.1 years, highest proximal extent of DVT was iliac or femoral vein in 70% and popliteal vein in 30%, 87% were out-patients). Pain scores diminished over time in both groups. There were no differences between groups in pain scores at any time-point (Table), and no evidence for subgroup interaction by age category, sex or anatomical extent of DVT (not shown). Conclusions In a large randomized placebo-controlled trial in patients with symptomatic proximal DVT, leg pain improved at each follow-up visit to a similar degree in patients randomized to active ECS and placebo ECS, and we did not find evidence for benefit of active ECS to reduce pain associated with acute proximal DVT. As our first follow-up assessment was 14 days after DVT, we were unable to evaluate if active ECS had a beneficial or detrimental effect on pain scores during the first 2 weeks after DVT. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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DMSA-scintigraphy in paediatrics: Is the evaluation of the geometric mean necessary for the calculation of the differential renal function?

Nuklearmedizin ◽

10.1055/s-0038-1625921 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 40 (04) ◽

pp. 107-110 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

B. Roßmüller ◽

S. Alalp ◽

S. Fischer ◽

S. Dresel ◽

K. Hahn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Renal Function ◽

Geometric Mean ◽

Region Of Interest ◽

Posterior View ◽

Renal Abnormality ◽

Anterior View ◽

Differential Renal Function ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

To Receive

SummaryFor assessment of differential renal function (PF) by means of static renal scintigraphy with Tc-99m-dimer-captosuccinic acid (DMSA) the calculation of the geometric mean of counts from the anterior and posterior view is recommended. Aim of this retrospective study was to find out, if the anterior view is necessary to receive an accurate differential renal function by calculating the geometric mean compared to calculating PF using the counts of the posterior view only. Methods: 164 DMSA-scans of 151 children (86 f, 65 m) aged 16 d to 16 a (4.7 ± 3.9 a) were reviewed. The scans were performed using a dual head gamma camera (Picker Prism 2000 XP, low energy ultra high resolution collimator, matrix 256 x 256,300 kcts/view, Zoom: 1.6-2.0). Background corrected values from both kidneys anterior and posterior were obtained. Using region of interest technique PF was calculated using the counts of the dorsal view and compared with the calculated geometric mean [SQR(Ctsdors x Ctsventr]. Results: The differential function of the right kidney was significantly less when compared to the calculation of the geometric mean (p<0.01). The mean difference between the PFgeom and the PFdors was 1.5 ± 1.4%. A difference > 5% (5.0-9.5%) was obtained in only 6/164 scans (3.7%). Three of 6 patients presented with an underestimated PFdors due to dystopic kidneys on the left side in 2 patients and on the right side in one patient. The other 3 patients with a difference >5% did not show any renal abnormality. Conclusion: The calculation of the PF from the posterior view only will give an underestimated value of the right kidney compared to the calculation of the geometric mean. This effect is not relevant for the calculation of the differntial renal function in orthotopic kidneys, so that in these cases the anterior view is not necesssary. However, geometric mean calculation to obtain reliable values for differential renal function should be applied in cases with an obvious anatomical abnormality.

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Therapeutic Effects of Hab Shabyar on Open-Angle Glaucoma: A Double-Blinded, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial

10.31661/gmj.v0i0.1218 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

pp. 1218

Author(s):

Ebrahim Khalil BaniHabib ◽

Ali Mostafai ◽

Seyyed Mohammad Bagher Fazljou ◽

Ghadir Mohammdi

Keyword(s):

Placebo Group ◽

Intraocular Pressure ◽

Open Angle Glaucoma ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Intervention Group ◽

Therapeutic Effects ◽

Open Angle ◽

The Mean ◽

The Right ◽

Double Blinded

Background: Open-angle glaucoma (OAG) is one of the leading causes of blindness worldwide. This study evaluates the therapeutic effects of hab shabyar in patients with open-angle glaucoma. Materials and Methods: In this clinical randomized controlled trial, 50 patients with OAG were randomized into two groups. The intervention group was received a drop of timolol plus 500 mg of hab shabyar every 12 hours. The placebo group was received a drop of timolol every 12 hours plus 500 mg of wheat germ as a placebo. The intraocular pressure in patients with OAG was measured in each group and compared at before the intervention (t1), one month (t2), and two months (t3) after the intervention. Results: The mean decrease in intraocular pressure for the right eye at three times in the intervention group was statistically significant, but the mean decrease in the placebo group was not significant. Similar results were obtained for the left eye at t1 when compared to t3. The patients in the intervention group expressed more satisfaction than the patients in the placebo group (P≤0.001). Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that consumption of timolol plus hab shabyar instead of consuming of timolol alone was probably more effective for reducing intraocular pressure in patients with OAG.[GMJ.2019;In press:e1218]

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Flow cytometric identification and isolation of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes after partial pneumonectomy

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.1989.257.3.c528 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 257 (3) ◽

pp. C528-C536 ◽

Cited By ~ 46

Author(s):

B. D. Uhal ◽

S. R. Rannels ◽

D. E. Rannels

Keyword(s):

Gradient Centrifugation ◽

Type Ii Cells ◽

Type Ii ◽

Acridine Orange Staining ◽

Flow Cytometric ◽

Percoll Density Gradient Centrifugation ◽

Type Ii Pneumocytes ◽

The Mean ◽

Cellular Dna ◽

The Right

Type II pneumocytes were isolated by either Percoll density gradient centrifugation or by immunoglobulin G (IgG) panning from the lungs of normal rats and the right lung of rats subjected to left pneumonectomy. Cells were studied at 7- (pnx-7) and 15- (pnx-15) days postoperative, times during and after, respectively, rapid compensatory growth of the right lung. Acridine orange staining permitted resolution of type II cells from contaminants on the basis of high red fluorescence (greater than 590 nm). Simultaneous measurement of forward-angle light scatter (FALS) suggested a shift of pnx-7 cells toward greater size, which was reversed in pnx-15 cells. By Percoll gradient isolation, approximately 15% of pnx-7 cells analyzed were above the mean FALS of control cells. In contrast, approximately 30% of the pnx-7 cells isolated by IgG panning were above the mean FALS of corresponding control cells. Biochemical analyses of pnx-7 cells separated by cell sorting into "high FALS" and "low FALS" subgroups revealed that high FALS type II cells contained 50% more protein (P less than 0.05) and 140% more RNA (P less than 0.01) than low FALS cells, with no significant change in cellular DNA content. These data are consistent with previous studies of type II cells isolated from the lungs of pneumonectomized animals and confirm the presence of hypertrophic cells in these preparations. They provide a foundation from which to design further flow cytometric studies of the role of hypertrophic type II pneumocytes in compensatory lung growth.

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