Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Complaints in Female Musicians: A Systematic Review and Exploration for Future Studies

BACKGROUND: Female musicians are prone to the development of musculoskeletal complaints (MSC). The etiology of this increased risk is poorly understood. As the number of professional female musicians increases, so does the importance of understanding female-specific risk factors for MSC in musicians. OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of current literature of proven and possible risk factors/etiology of MSC in female musicians, and to identify topics for future studies. METHODS: Systematic review performed according to international guidelines. A database search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, clinicaltrials.gov, and gray literature. Studies were independently selected and rated by two reviewers. QUIPS and STROBE guidelines were used for assessing quality and risk of bias. Risk factors were categorized by means of the theoretical framework of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) and evaluated using the Bradford Hill criteria for causality. RESULTS: Out of 1,924 records, 10 eligible studies were included. A low to moderate level of methodological quality was present in the studies. Fifteen risk factors could be identified from the included studies, which were positioned in the ICF model. The two most frequently mentioned female-specific risk factors were hand size and joint laxity. None of the risk factors fulfilled Bradford Hill’s criteria for causality. Many other risk factors were suggested, while a number of expected causes were not encountered. CONCLUSION: At this moment, no evidence-based deductions can be made about female-specific risk factors for MSC in musicians. There is a lack of high-quality studies in this field and a need for studies with a different focus and a prospective study design.

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Risk Factors for Failure in Conservatively Treated Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures: A Systematic Review

Global Spine Journal ◽

10.1177/2192568220982279 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 219256822098227

Author(s):

Max J. Scheyerer ◽

Ulrich J. A. Spiegl ◽

Sebastian Grueninger ◽

Frank Hartmann ◽

Sebastian Katscher ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Treatment Failure ◽

Patient Specific ◽

Mineral Density ◽

Radiographic Findings ◽

Specific Risk ◽

Fracture Development ◽

Predict Treatment Failure

Study Design: Systematic review. Objectives: Osteoporosis is one of the most common diseases of the elderly, whereby vertebral body fractures are in many cases the first manifestation. Even today, the consequences for patients are underestimated. Therefore, early identification of therapy failures is essential. In this context, the aim of the present systematic review was to evaluate the current literature with respect to clinical and radiographic findings that might predict treatment failure. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive, systematic review of the literature according to the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses) checklist and algorithm. Results: After the literature search, 724 potentially eligible investigations were identified. In total, 24 studies with 3044 participants and a mean follow-up of 11 months (range 6-27.5 months) were included. Patient-specific risk factors were age >73 years, bone mineral density with a t-score <−2.95, BMI >23 and a modified frailty index >2.5. The following radiological and fracture-specific risk factors could be identified: involvement of the posterior wall, initial height loss, midportion type fracture, development of an intravertebral cleft, fracture at the thoracolumbar junction, fracture involvement of both endplates, different morphological types of fractures, and specific MRI findings. Further, a correlation between sagittal spinal imbalance and treatment failure could be demonstrated. Conclusion: In conclusion, this systematic review identified various factors that predict treatment failure in conservatively treated osteoporotic fractures. In these cases, additional treatment options and surgical treatment strategies should be considered in addition to follow-up examinations.

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Risk Factors, and Clinical and Etiological Characteristics of Ischemic Strokes in COVID-19-Infected Patients: A Systematic Review of Literature

Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽

10.1159/000514267 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-4

Author(s):

Simone Vidale

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Clinical Features ◽

Case Reports ◽

Clinical Severity ◽

Large Artery ◽

Causal Association ◽

Review Of Literature ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Long Time

Background and Purpose: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is an ongoing pandemic and worldwide health emergency that has caused important changes in healthcare systems. Previous studies reported an increased risk of thromboembolic events, including stroke. This systematic review aims to describe the clinical features and etiological characteristics of ischemic stroke patients with COVID-19 infection. Method: A literature search was performed in principal databases for studies and case reports containing data concerning risk factors, clinical features, and etiological characteristics of patients infected with COVID-19 and suffering from stroke. Descriptive and analytical statistics were applied. Results: Overall, 14 articles were included for a total of 93 patients. Median age was 65 (IQR: 55–75) years with prevalence in males. Stroke occurred after a median of 6 days from COVID-19 infection diagnosis. Median National of Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score was 19. Cryptogenic (Cry) strokes were more frequent (51.8%), followed by cardioembolic etiology, and they occurred a long time after COVID-19 diagnosis compared with large-artery atherosclerosis strokes (ptrend: 0.03). The clinical severity of stroke was significantly associated with the severity grade of COVID-19 infection (ptrend: 0.03). Conclusions: Ischemic strokes in COVID-19-infected patients were clinically severe, affecting younger patients mainly with Cry and cardioembolic etiologies. Further multicenter prospective registries are needed to better describe the causal association and the effect of COVID-19 infection on stroke.

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Platelet function and cardiovascular risk in adult HIV-infected patients on HAART: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2017-019468 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. e019468 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Bongani Brian Nkambule ◽

Zibusiso Mkandla ◽

Tinashe Mutize ◽

Phiwayinkosi Vusi Dludla

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Platelet Activation ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

People Living With Hiv ◽

Qualitative Synthesis ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Statistical Heterogeneity

IntroductionThe incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) is now at least threefold higher in HIV-infected patients as compared with the general population. Although platelet activation and reactivity are implicated in the development of CVDs in HIV-infected patients, its precise role remains inconclusive. We aim to assess the association between platelet activation and selected cardiovascular risk factors in HIV-1-infected individuals on highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART).MethodsThis will be a systematic review and meta-analysis of published studies evaluating the association between platelet activation and CVD risk factors in HAART-treated adults. The search strategy will include medical subject headings words for MEDLINE, and this will be adapted to Embase search headings (Emtree) terms for the EMBASE database. The search will cover literature published between 1 January 1996 to 30 April 2017. Studies will be independently screened by two reviewers using predefined criteria. Relevant eligible full texts will be screened; data will be extracted, and a qualitative synthesis will be conducted. Data extraction will be performed using Review Manager V.5.3. To assess the quality and strengths of evidence across selected studies, the Grading of Recommendations Assessment Development and Evaluation approach will be used. The Cochran’s Q statistic and the I2statistics will be used to analyse statistical heterogeneity between studies. If included studies show high levels of homogeneity, a random effects meta-analysis will be performed using R statistical software.Ethics and disseminationThis will be a review of existing studies and will not require ethical approval. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publication and presented at local and international conferences. An emerging patient management dilemma is that of the increased incidence of CVD in people living with HIV on HAART. This review may inform treatment and cardiovascular risk stratification of HIV-infected patients at increased risk of developing CVD.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42017062393.

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Prevalence and impact of frailty in patients with atrial fibrillation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

European Heart Journal ◽

10.1093/eurheartj/ehab724.0444 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽

Author(s):

M Proietti ◽

G.F Romiti ◽

V Raparelli ◽

I Diemberger ◽

G Boriani ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Atrial Fibrillation ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Frailty Index ◽

Prevalence Odds Ratio ◽

Frail Patients ◽

Pooled Prevalence ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Inconsistency Index

Abstract Background Frailty is a clinical syndrome characterized by a reduced physiologic function, increased vulnerability to stressors, and an increased risk of adverse outcomes. Patients with Atrial Fibrillation (AF) are often burdened with a high number of comorbidities and prone to frailty. The prevalence of frailty, its management and association with major outcomes in patients with AF are still unclear. Purpose To estimate the pooled prevalence of frailty in patients with AF, as well as its association with AF-related risk factors and comorbidities, oral anticoagulants (OAC) prescription, and major outcomes. Methods We systematically searched PubMed and EMBASE, from inception to 31st January 2021, for studies reporting the prevalence of frailty (irrespective of the tool used for assessment). Pooled prevalence, odds ratio (OR), and 95% Confidence Intervals (CI) were computed using random-effect models; heterogeneity was assessed through the inconsistency index (I2). This study was registered in PROSPERO: CRD42021235854. Results A total of 1,116 studies were retrieved from the literature search, and 31 were finally included in the systematic review (n=842,521 patients). The frailty pooled prevalence was 39.6% (95% CI=29.2%-51.0%, I2=100%; Figure 1). Significant subgroup differences were observed according to geographical location (higher prevalence found in European-based cohorts; p=0.003) and type of tool used for the assessment (higher prevalence in studies using the Clinical Frailty Scale and Tilburg Frailty Index tools; p<0.001). Meta-regressions showed that study-level mean age and prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and history of stroke were directly associated with frailty prevalence. Frailty was significantly associated with a 29% reduced probability of OAC prescription in observational studies (OR=0.71, 95% CI=0.62–0.81). Frail patients with AF were at higher risk of all-cause death (OR=4.12, 95% CI=3.15–5.41), ischemic stroke (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.01–2.38), and bleeding (OR=1.55, 95% CI=1.12–2.14), compared to non-frail patients with AF. Conclusions In this systematic review and meta-analysis analysis, the prevalence of frailty was high in patients with AF, and associated with study-level mean age and prevalence of several stroke risk factors. Frailty may influence the management of patients, and worsening the prognosis for all major AF-related outcomes. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Prevalence of Frailty among AF patients

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Reader Response: Location-Specific Risk Factors for Intracerebral Hemorrhage: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Neurology ◽

10.1212/wnl.0000000000012001 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 96 (21) ◽

pp. 1010.2-1011

Author(s):

Feng Zheng ◽

Jianfeng Zhou ◽

Cui'e Wang ◽

Weipeng Hu ◽

Boris Krischek

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Intracerebral Hemorrhage ◽

Reader Response ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Response Location ◽

Specific Risk

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Abstract P339: Association Between Cardiometabolic Syndrome And Cancer: Systematic Review

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.141.suppl_1.p339 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 141 (Suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Anshul Saxena ◽

Muni Rubens ◽

Venkataraghavan Ramamoorthy ◽

Sankalp Das ◽

Chintan B Bhatt ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Glucose Tolerance ◽

Impaired Glucose Tolerance ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk ◽

Cardiometabolic Risk Factors ◽

Central Adiposity ◽

Cardiometabolic Syndrome ◽

Increased Risk

Introduction: Cardiometabolic syndrome consists of a cluster of metabolic dysfunctions such as impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, central adiposity, and hypertension. According to the latest estimates, globally, nearly 25% of all adults have cardiometabolic syndrome. Both cardiometabolic syndrome and cancer pathophysiology commonly involve inflammation and oxidative stress. The objective of this systematic review was to evaluate existing evidences that support the association between cardiometabolic syndrome and risk of developing cancer. Methods: We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials and Scopus for relevant articles published from the database inception until October 2019. We followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for this review. Using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine guidelines individual studies were evaluated. A total of 59 articles were included in this study. Results: Our review showed that cardiometabolic syndrome was associated with increased risk for colorectal, hepatic, endometrial, breast, and bladder cancers. These associations showed variations for sex and geographical locations. For example, the associations were stronger for pancreatic and rectal cancers among women. The strength of these associations was also stronger for sex specific cancers such as breast and endometrial cancers. Studies on European populations showed that these associations were stronger for colorectal cancer among women. However, one study showed that presence of cardiometabolic syndrome contributed protective effects to prostate cancer among American men. In general, strongest associations were found for colorectal cancer among both men and women and hepatic cancer among men. Among cardiometabolic factors, impaired glucose tolerance and central adiposity were the greatest contributors towards increased risk for cancers. Conclusion: Given these results, there should be greater focus on primary prevention to identify and treat cardiometabolic risk factors. In addition, patients with greater cardiometabolic risk factors should be screened earlier and more frequently for cancers. A number of gender and geographical gaps identified in this review could be targeted for improvements as per the goals of 2030 sustainable development initiatives. Future studies should consider cardiometabolic syndrome and cancer together and develop effective interventions for decreasing the incidence and morbidity associated with both the conditions.

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Prevalence and risk factors of prolonged corrected QT interval in general Chinese population

BMC Cardiovascular Disorders ◽

10.1186/s12872-019-1244-7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Qun Ma ◽

Zhao Li ◽

Xiaofan Guo ◽

Liang Guo ◽

Shasha Yu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Chinese Population ◽

Liaoning Province ◽

Qtc Interval ◽

Qtc Prolongation ◽

Cvd Risk ◽

Specific Risk ◽

Increased Risk ◽

General Chinese Population

Abstract Background Corrected QT (QTc) interval has been correlated with total and CVD mortality. Although much is known about the relation between prolonged QTc interval and clinical outcome, there is no information on the prevalence and specific risk factors of QTc prolongation in general Chinese population. We evaluated the prevalence of prolonged QTc interval and its risk factors in general Chinese population, aiming to fill in the gaps in the literature and provide evidence for potential CVD risk prediction and disease burden estimate in community. Methods A population-based survey was conducted on 11,209 participants over the age of 35 in rural areas of Liaoning Province from 2012 to 2013. Twelve-lead ECGs and automatic analysis were performed on all participants. Logistic regression adjustments were made by using the Bazett’s formula to correlate specific risk factors with prolonged QTc intervals (> 440 ms) for potential confounders. Results The overall prevalence of prolonged QTc interval was 31.6%. The prevalence increased significantly with age (24.1% among those aged 35–44 years; 28.3%, 45–54 years; 35.2%, 55–64 years; 43.4%, ≥65 years, P < 0.001). Participants with a history of CVD had a higher prevalence of QTc prolongation (40.7% vs. 30.0%). In the fully adjusted logistic regress model, older age, abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypokalemia and any medicine used in the past two weeks were associated independently with increased risk for prolonged QTc interval (All P < 0.05). We found no significant differences between general obesity, hypocalcemia and hypomagnesemia with prolongation of QTc interval. Female sex showed opposite results after applying clinical diagnostic criteria, and high physical activity could reduce the risk of prolonged QTc interval. Conclusions The prevalence of prolonged QTc interval was relatively high in general Chinese population and listed relevant factors, which would help identify patients at risk in pre-clinical prevention and provide evidence for estimating potential CVD burden and making management strategies in community.

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Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of COVID-19–Infected Cancer Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute ◽

10.1093/jnci/djaa168 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hua Zhang ◽

Han Han ◽

Tianhui He ◽

Kristen E Labbe ◽

Adrian V Hernandez ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Systematic Review ◽

Case Fatality Rate ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Univariate Analysis ◽

Case Fatality ◽

The United States ◽

Fatality Rate ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Increased Risk

Abstract Background Previous studies have indicated coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients with cancer have a high fatality rate. Methods We conducted a systematic review of studies that reported fatalities in COVID-19 patients with cancer. A comprehensive meta-analysis that assessed the overall case fatality rate and associated risk factors was performed. Using individual patient data, univariate and multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate odds ratios (OR) for each variable with outcomes. Results We included 15 studies with 3019 patients, of which 1628 were men; 41.0% were from the United Kingdom and Europe, followed by the United States and Canada (35.7%), and Asia (China, 23.3%). The overall case fatality rate of COVID-19 patients with cancer measured 22.4% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 17.3% to 28.0%). Univariate analysis revealed age (OR = 3.57, 95% CI = 1.80 to 7.06), male sex (OR = 2.10, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.13), and comorbidity (OR = 2.00, 95% CI = 1.04 to 3.85) were associated with increased risk of severe events (defined as the individuals being admitted to the intensive care unit, or requiring invasive ventilation, or death). In multivariable analysis, only age greater than 65 years (OR = 3.16, 95% CI = 1.45 to 6.88) and being male (OR = 2.29, 95% CI = 1.07 to 4.87) were associated with increased risk of severe events. Conclusions Our analysis demonstrated that COVID-19 patients with cancer have a higher fatality rate compared with that of COVID-19 patients without cancer. Age and sex appear to be risk factors associated with a poorer prognosis.

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