Keluhan Musculoskeletal Pada Mahasiswa Selama Pandemi Covid-19: Literatur Review

Pandemi Covid-19 telah menjadi perhatian di seluruh dunia. Kebijakan dalam rangka pencegahan penyebaran virus seperti pembelajaran online juga diberlakukan pada mahasiswa. Mahasiswa yang mengikuti pembelajaran online mayoritas mengalami keluhan musculoskeletal pada bagian tubuh seperti leher, bahu, punggung dan pinggang. Metode penelitian ini adalah literatur review dengan menghasilkan 14 artikel penelitian. Keluhan musculoskeletal apabila tidak ditindaklanjuti maka akan berdampak jangka panjang seperti gangguan tidur dan kecacatan. Musculoskeletal Disorders in Students During Covid-19 Pandemic: Literature Review Abstract: COVID-19 pandemic has become an international concern. Policies to prevent the spread of disease, such as learning from home, are applied to university students. The majority of students who take online learning experience musculoskeletal complaints in body parts such as the neck, shoulders, back and waist. This research method is literature review by producing 14 research articles. Musculoskeletal complaints if not followed up will have long-term impacts such as sleep disturbances and disability. Keywords: Covid-19, Muscuoskeletal Disorders, Online Learning, Student.

A study on musculoskeletal complaints and working postures in pathology specialists in Iran

Background Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are one of the most common causes of occupational injuries and disabilities among health care workers. This study investigates the relationship between musculoskeletal complaints and pathologist postures in laboratories. Method In this cross-sectional study, 40 pathologists were evaluated. MSDs in different body segments of the participants were evaluated by Nordic questionnaire. For postural analysis, 20 min film was recorded while using a microscope by subjects. Posture analysis was done by the Rapid Upper Limb Assessment (RULA) method and their repetitive movements were scored. The data was analyzed by SPSS Version 11.5. Results The mean age and duration of employment of subjects was 36.57 ± 7.54 years and 6.50 ± 6.30 years, respectively. Most MSDs were found in neck (65%), wrist (57.5%), upper back (50%) and lower back (47.5%). The mean RULA grand score was higher in participants with upper back and shoulder pain. A statistically significant relationship was found between the mean RULA grand, the upper back pain (P = 0.02) and the wrist pain (P = 0.003), as well as between the mean RULA B, the neck pain (P = 0.02) and the lower back pain (P = 0.05). The results showed a significant relationship between mean weekly working hours and tight (P < 0.001), wrist (p = 0.01) and ankle (P = 0.008). Conclusion This study revealed high prevalence of MSDs among the pathologists. Therefore, performing ergonomic corrective actions is essential in order to improve their physical conditions at work.

Risk Factors for Musculoskeletal Complaints in Female Musicians: A Systematic Review and Exploration for Future Studies

BACKGROUND: Female musicians are prone to the development of musculoskeletal complaints (MSC). The etiology of this increased risk is poorly understood. As the number of professional female musicians increases, so does the importance of understanding female-specific risk factors for MSC in musicians. OBJECTIVE: To provide an overview of current literature of proven and possible risk factors/etiology of MSC in female musicians, and to identify topics for future studies. METHODS: Systematic review performed according to international guidelines. A database search was performed in MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane, PsycINFO, clinicaltrials.gov, and gray literature. Studies were independently selected and rated by two reviewers. QUIPS and STROBE guidelines were used for assessing quality and risk of bias. Risk factors were categorized by means of the theoretical framework of the International Classification of Functioning (ICF) and evaluated using the Bradford Hill criteria for causality. RESULTS: Out of 1,924 records, 10 eligible studies were included. A low to moderate level of methodological quality was present in the studies. Fifteen risk factors could be identified from the included studies, which were positioned in the ICF model. The two most frequently mentioned female-specific risk factors were hand size and joint laxity. None of the risk factors fulfilled Bradford Hill’s criteria for causality. Many other risk factors were suggested, while a number of expected causes were not encountered. CONCLUSION: At this moment, no evidence-based deductions can be made about female-specific risk factors for MSC in musicians. There is a lack of high-quality studies in this field and a need for studies with a different focus and a prospective study design.

The Effect of Material Conveyances on Workload, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Productivity and Performance in the Process of Plate Cutting

The use of material conveyances that are not in accordance with the concept of ergonomics harm the human body. Repair of work brushes by applying ergonomics to material conveyances can reduce the risk category. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of material conveyance on reducing workload, musculoskeletal disorders, increasing productivity and performance. The study was conducted using the same subject design method with a sample of 16 workers. The data were analyzed by paired t-test with a significant level of p<0.05. The results of the analysis showed that the PO workload data was 104.4 beats per minute, P1 was 93.5 beats per minute there was a decrease of 10.9 beats per minute or 10.4%, PO musculoskeletal complaints were 80.1 scores, P1 was 70.0 the scores were decreased by 10.1 or 12.6%, PO productivity of 0.201, P1 of 0.355, an increase of 0.154 or 43.4%. The conclusion is that the use of material conveyances means a decrease in workload, musculoskeletal disorders, an increase in productivity and performance. It is recommended to workers to use material conveyances equipment in carrying out transport and material transport activities.

Analyzing the Vibration Exposure to the Safety and Health at Workplace: A Case in the Urea Granulation Unit of the Fertilizer Factory

This study aims to evaluate the vibration exposure experienced by workers in the Urea Granulation Screen Unit (UGSU) at the fertilizer factory in Aceh, Indonesia. This study involved 30 labors in charge as operators, mechanical maintenance officers, electrical maintenance officers, instrument maintenance officers, and inspectors. The measurement of vibration was carried out using a Triaxial Accelerometer with Integral Magnet and shows that the vibration exposure on the factory floor of the urea granulation screen unit occurs vertically with a minimum value of 0.298 m/s2 and a maximum of 1.630 m/s2. According to ISO 2631-1:1997, the maximum vibration values that occur are categorized as a likely health risk zone and result in uncomfortable reactions to the workers. Furthermore, this study analyzes the effect of vibrations on musculoskeletal problems using a Nordic Body Map (NBM) questionnaire. It reveals that the average score of musculoskeletal complaints is 71.6, which defines a high degree of pain. The results of the NBM questionnaire also showed that the vulnerable part of the body which experienced musculoskeletal complaints is the knee. The result of vibration exposure on this body part shows the highest value of 3.437 m/s2. To minimize occupational diseases and accidents, it is necessary to manage a working system that takes into account legal standards, ideal working time, and working shifts in the work area.

MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS AND ASSOCIATED WORKPLACE RISK FACTORS IN HIGHER EDUCATION EMPLOYEES

Introduction: Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are caused by a variety of environmental and organizational workplace factors, which makes them some of the most commonly reported work-related health problems in Europe and the world. Our purpose was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints among employees in higher education, as well as the most significant risk factors for their occurrence. Material/Methods: The survey was conducted among 542 employees of Trakia University, Bulgaria, using questionnaires on symptoms and exposure to the most common occupational risk factors for MSDs. The subjects were grouped and compared by gender, age, years of service and employment position. Results: 74% of participants reported one or more musculoskeletal complaints, with the most common locations being the lower and upper back, neck, and shoulders. Women had a significantly higher average number of complaints (2.41) than men (1.64), p = 0.000058. A higher percentage of hand/arm MSDs was reported by auxiliary workers, and lower back complaints were more frequently reported by administrative staff, compared to other groups. A positive correlation was found between the number of MSDs and the years of service (r=0.11, p=0.019), but not between MSDs and age. The major reported workplace risk factors for MSDs were working with display screen equipment (55.9% of respondents), frequent, repetitive hand movements (37.46%), and non-ergonomic workstations/arrangements (27.67%). Conclusions: Prevention of MSDs of occupational origin requires a comprehensive approach involving the identification, assessment and control of a number of ergonomic and organizational factors. Similar studies in other occupational groups would help to better understand and prevent these chronic, painful and often disabling diseases.

Epidemiology of musculoskeletal symptoms, rheumatologic disorders, and disability in the Zoroastrian population in Yazd, Iran: a WHO-ILAR COPCORD study (stage 1)

Background The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints, rheumatologic diseases, and disability among the Zoroastrian population in Iran. Methods The city of Yazd, in central Iran was selected for this study, with the highest population of Zoroastrians in Iran. Subjects were selected by cluster sampling of 9 neighborhoods populated with Zoroastrians. Subjects ≥15 years old were interviewed by trained interviewers in their houses. The validated Farsi translation of Community Oriented Program for the Control of Rheumatic Disease (COPCORD) Core Questionnaire (CCQ) was used for this study. Subjects with musculoskeletal complaints (pain, stiffness and/or swelling) were examined by a rheumatologist. Laboratory tests and radiographic exams were performed when deemed necessary. Results Two-thousand subjects were interviewed during a 12-month period, of which 956 were male, and 1044 were female. The mean age was 41.1 ± 18.3 years (95%CI: 40.3–41.9). 36.9% of the subjects had university-level education. In the 7 days prior to the interview, 27.6% of the subjects had musculoskeletal complaints, with the knee, dorsolumbar spine, and shoulder being the most common sites of complaints. The most common rheumatologic diagnoses were osteoarthritis (21.5%) and low back pain (10.3%). Rheumatoid arthritis was diagnosed in 1.2% of the subjects. Conclusions The epidemiology of musculoskeletal complaints and rheumatologic disorders was inconsistent with previous COPCORD studies in Iran, with a lower prevalence of musculoskeletal complaints in general, lower rates of Behçet and lupus, and a higher prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis. The findings of this study can be for development of better prevention, screening, and treatment programs for the vulnerable population of Zoroastrians in Iran.

P090 Rheumatic symptoms as the first manifestations of underlying systemic disorders

Background Joint and limb pain is a common presenting complaint within the paediatric population, affecting 10–20% of school-age children. They are also a major reason for referral to paediatric rheumatology clinics (1). The differential diagnosis for joint pain and/or swelling can include both benign and malignant causes. Studies have found that &lt; =1% of musculoskeletal complaints are caused by neoplasia, mostly acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) (1). It is essential to exclude life-threatening conditions such as infections and malignancies before initiation of treatment for presumptive Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) (2). The objective of this case series is to highlight the musculoskeletal features and the clinical course among children with haematological malignancies. Methods Charts of patients referred from rheumatology clinic to the haemato-oncology clinic were selected. A detailed chart review was then carried out to obtain information on clinical presentation, diagnostic work up and clinical progress of the patient. Results Case 1 CS, A 2 year and 2 months old girl who presented to paediatric rheumatology clinic with 5 month history of lower limb pain associated with a fever of 40’C. The pain progressively worsened leading to inability to walk. She had previously been treated for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura with steroids. Initial Bone Marrow Aspiration (BMA) had ruled out leukaemia. Four months later, her condition had worsened and was referred to our facility where a peripheral blood film and flow cytometry confirmed B cell ALL. Treatment was initiated but unfortunately the patient’s condition deteriorated and eventually passed away. Case 2 NM, a 2 year and 10 months old girl presented to our paediatric rheumatology clinic with bilateral foot pain for 8 weeks. She was initially limping and progressed to inability to walk within a month. Rheumatology review in Tanzania diagnosed the patient as JIA and started on steroids. On examination, systemic findings were normal except bilateral ankle joint effusion and tenderness. An X-ray displayed bilateral transverse lucencies in the metaphyseal ends of the tibia and fibula. BMA was done and confirmed ALL. Treatment was initiated and the patient attained remission after 18 months of therapy. She remains well 2 years after completion of therapy. Case 3 NC, a 4-year-old girl, presented with multiple joint pains for 2 weeks. Pain was associated with night awakening and recurrent fevers. C-Reactive Protein (CRP) was persistently high and was treated with several courses of antibiotics. She was assessed by a haemato-oncologist with unremarkable findings. A decision was made to do a BMA and flow cytometry, which confirmed B cell ALL. Conclusion Musculoskeletal complaints are frequently the initial manifestations of acute leukaemia in childhood (60%) and should be considered in the differential diagnosis of JIA (3). Initially laboratory test results can be normal therefore it is necessary to follow these children closely and request serial tests, until there is a clearly defined diagnosis of neoplasia. Finally, malignancy should be eliminated before introduction of immunosuppressive therapy as the use of steroids may mask and delay its diagnosis (2).