Exploratory Research for Comparison of Electronic Cigarettes Smoke with Conventional Cigarettes Smoke Effects to Arterial Plasma Nicotine Concentration and Carboxyhemoglobin

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 339-348
Author(s):  
Jun Sang-Woo ◽  
Hee-Young Lee ◽  
Suk-Joong Yong
Keyword(s):  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Exploratory Research ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Plasma Nicotine ◽  
Arterial Plasma

Electrical features, liquid composition and toxicant emissions from ‘pod-mod’-like disposable electronic cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056362
Author(s):  
Soha Talih ◽  
Rola Salman ◽  
Eric Soule ◽  
Rachel El-Hage ◽  
Ebrahim Karam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Electrical Power ◽  
Liquid Composition ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Aerosol Composition ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Youth And Young Adults

IntroductionUse of flavoured pod-mod-like disposable electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has grown rapidly, particularly among cost-sensitive youth and young adults. To date, little is known about their design characteristics and toxicant emissions. In this study, we analysed the electrical and chemical characteristics and nicotine and pulmonary toxicant emission profiles of five commonly available flavoured disposable e-cigarettes and compared these data with those of a JUUL, a cartridge-based e-cigarette device that pod-mod-like disposables emulate in size and shape.MethodsDevice construction, electrical power and liquid composition were determined. Machine-generated aerosol emissions including particulate matter, nicotine, carbonyl compounds and heavy metals were also measured. Liquid and aerosol composition were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry/flame ionisation detection, and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.ResultsWe found that unlike JUUL, disposable devices did not incorporate a microcontroller to regulate electrical power to the heating coil. Quality of construction varied widely. Disposable e-cigarette power ranged between 5 and 9 W and liquid nicotine concentration ranged between 53 and 85 mg/mL (~95% in the protonated form). In 15 puffs, total nicotine yield for the disposables ranged between 1.6 and 6.7 mg, total carbonyls ranged between 28 and 138 µg, and total metals ranged between 1084 and 5804 ng. JUUL emissions were near the floors of all of these ranges.ConclusionsDisposable e-cigarettes are designed with high nicotine concentration liquids and are capable of emitting much higher nicotine and carbonyl species relative to rechargeable look-alike e-cigarettes. These differences are likely due to the lower quality in construction, unreliable labelling and lack of temperature control regulation that limits the power during operation. From a public health perspective, regulating these devices is important to limit user exposure to carbonyls and nicotine, particularly because these devices are popular with youth and young adults.

E-cigarettes and vaping – a panacea or a bane to smoking in current times?

2020 ◽  
pp. 103985622095009
Author(s):  
Guna Kanniah ◽  
Shailesh Kumar ◽  
Soumil Prasad
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Serious Mental Illness ◽  
Safety Profile ◽  
Tobacco Industry ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
The World

Objective: Use of electronic cigarettes has increased across the world in the last decade with heavy investment from the tobacco industry targeting younger population through well-designed marketing campaigns portraying e-cigarettes as harmless, less addictive and effective in smoking cessation while delivering higher nicotine concentration. The safety profile of e-cigarettes is reviewed in this paper. Conclusions: The safety of e-cigarettes and the chemicals they contain have not been evaluated rigorously. Emerging data suggest e-cigarette use could do severe harm. People with serious mental illness, already the highest nicotine consumers, could be exploited by the tobacco industry.

scholarly journals Effects of Electronic Cigarette Liquid Nicotine Concentration on Plasma Nicotine and Puff Topography in Tobacco Cigarette Smokers: A Preliminary Report

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 720-723 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexa A. Lopez ◽  
Marzena M. Hiler ◽  
Eric K. Soule ◽  
Carolina P. Ramôa ◽  
Nareg V. Karaoghlanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Preliminary Report ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Cigarette Smokers ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Tobacco Cigarette ◽  
Plasma Nicotine

scholarly journals Leading Topics in Twitter Discourse on JUUL and Puff Bar Products: Content Analysis (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Allison Dormanesh ◽  
Anuja Majmundar ◽  
Vanessa Rivera ◽  
Maya Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Application Programming

BACKGROUND In response to the recent government restrictions, flavored JUUL products, which are rechargeable closed-system electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), are no longer available for sale. However, disposable closed-system products such as the flavored Puff Bar e-cigarette continues to be available. If e-cigarette consumers simply switch between products during the current government restrictions limited to 1 type of product over another, then such restrictions would be less effective. A step forward in this line of research is to understand how the public discusses these products by examining discourse referencing both Puff Bar and JUUL in the same conversation. Twitter data provide ample opportunity to capture such early trends that could be used to help public health researchers stay abreast of the rapidly changing e-cigarette marketplace. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to examine public discourse referencing both Puff Bar and JUUL products in the same conversation on Twitter. METHODS We collected data from Twitter’s streaming application programming interface between July 16, 2019, and August 29, 2020, which included both “Puff Bar” and “JUUL” (n=2632). We then used an inductive approach to become familiar with the data and generate a codebook to identify common themes. Saturation was determined to be reached with 10 themes. RESULTS Posts often mentioned flavors, dual use, design features, youth use, health risks, switching 1 product for the other, price, confusion over the differences between products, longevity of the products, and nicotine concentration. CONCLUSIONS On examining the public’s conversations about Puff Bar and JUUL products on Twitter, having described themes in posts, this study aimed to help the tobacco control community stay informed about 2 popular e-cigarette products with different device features, which can be potentially substituted for one another. Future health communication campaigns may consider targeting the health consequences of using multiple e-cigarette products or dual use to reduce exposure to high levels of nicotine among younger populations.

scholarly journals Leading Topics in Twitter Discourse on JUUL and Puff Bar Products: Content Analysis

10.2196/26510 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (7) ◽  
pp. e26510
Author(s):  
Jon-Patrick Allem ◽  
Allison Dormanesh ◽  
Anuja Majmundar ◽  
Vanessa Rivera ◽  
Maya Chu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Closed System ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Dual Use ◽  
Future Health ◽  
The Public ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Control Community ◽  
Application Programming

Background In response to the recent government restrictions, flavored JUUL products, which are rechargeable closed-system electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), are no longer available for sale. However, disposable closed-system products such as the flavored Puff Bar e-cigarette continues to be available. If e-cigarette consumers simply switch between products during the current government restrictions limited to 1 type of product over another, then such restrictions would be less effective. A step forward in this line of research is to understand how the public discusses these products by examining discourse referencing both Puff Bar and JUUL in the same conversation. Twitter data provide ample opportunity to capture such early trends that could be used to help public health researchers stay abreast of the rapidly changing e-cigarette marketplace. Objective The goal of this study was to examine public discourse referencing both Puff Bar and JUUL products in the same conversation on Twitter. Methods We collected data from Twitter’s streaming application programming interface between July 16, 2019, and August 29, 2020, which included both “Puff Bar” and “JUUL” (n=2632). We then used an inductive approach to become familiar with the data and generate a codebook to identify common themes. Saturation was determined to be reached with 10 themes. Results Posts often mentioned flavors, dual use, design features, youth use, health risks, switching 1 product for the other, price, confusion over the differences between products, longevity of the products, and nicotine concentration. Conclusions On examining the public’s conversations about Puff Bar and JUUL products on Twitter, having described themes in posts, this study aimed to help the tobacco control community stay informed about 2 popular e-cigarette products with different device features, which can be potentially substituted for one another. Future health communication campaigns may consider targeting the health consequences of using multiple e-cigarette products or dual use to reduce exposure to high levels of nicotine among younger populations.

scholarly journals What factors reliably predict electronic cigarette nicotine delivery?

2019 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2019-055193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa D Blank ◽  
Jennifer Pearson ◽  
Caroline O Cobb ◽  
Nicholas J Felicione ◽  
Marzena M Hiler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nicotine Dependence ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Power Level ◽  
Secondary Analysis ◽  
Electronic Cigarette ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Nicotine Delivery ◽  
Plasma Nicotine ◽  
Product Regulation ◽  
Before And After

BackgroundThe ability of an electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) to deliver nicotine effectively may be dependent on features of the device, the liquid and the user. Some of these features have been examined in previous work (eg, liquid nicotine concentration and puff topography), while others have not (eg, nicotine dependence and demographic characteristics). The purpose of this secondary analysis is to examine such features as predictors of e-cigarette nicotine delivery using a relatively large sample.MethodsFour studies were combined in which e-cigarette-experienced users (n=63; 89% men; 75% white) and e-cigarette-naïve cigarette smokers (n=67; 66% men; 54% white) took 10 puffs from an eGo-style e-cigarette (~7.3 watts) filled with liquid that had a nicotine concentration of 18, 25 or 36 mg/mL. Thus, held constant across all studies were device features of battery/cartomiser style and power level and the topography parameters of puff number and interpuff interval. Blood was sampled before and after use, and puff topography was measured. Three general linear models were conducted to predict plasma nicotine concentrations (pre–post increase) for: (1) e-cigarette users only, (2) smokers only and (3) both groups combined. Predictor variables included puff duration, puff volume, liquid nicotine concentration, presession plasma nicotine concentration, nicotine dependence score (smokers only), gender and race.ResultsIn all models tested, longer puff durations and higher liquid nicotine concentrations were associated significantly with increased nicotine delivery (ps<0.05). For e-cigarette users only, higher presession nicotine concentration was associated significantly with increased nicotine delivery (p<0.05).ConclusionsPuff duration and liquid nicotine concentration may be among the more important factors to consider as regulators attempt to balance e-cigarette safety with efficacy. These findings should be interpreted in the context of devices with relatively low power output, a variable not studied here but likely also directly relevant to product regulation.

scholarly journals Effects of 3-Month Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosols on Glutamatergic Receptors and Transporters in Mesolimbic Brain Regions of Female C57BL/6 Mice

Toxics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Hasan Alhaddad ◽  
Woonyen Wong ◽  
Adam T. Sari ◽  
Laura E. Crotty Alexander ◽  
Youssef Sari
Keyword(s):  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Glutamate Transporter ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Continuous Exposure ◽  
Glutamatergic System ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
Metabotropic Glutamate Receptor 1 ◽  
Glutamate Transporter 1

Electronic cigarettes (e-cigs) use has been dramatically increased recently, especially among youths. Previous studies from our laboratory showed that chronic exposure to e-cigs, containing 24 mg/mL nicotine, was associated with dysregulation of glutamate transporters and neurotransmitter levels in the brain of a mouse model. In this study, we evaluated the effect of three months’ continuous exposure to e-cig vapor (JUUL pods), containing a high nicotine concentration, on the expression of glutamate receptors and transporters in drug reward brain regions such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core (NAc-core), NAc shell (NAc-shell) and hippocampus (HIP) in female C57BL/6 mice. Three months’ exposure to mint- or mango-flavored JUUL (containing 5% nicotine, 59 mg/mL) induced upregulation of metabotropic glutamate receptor 1 (mGluR1) and postsynaptic density protein 95 (phosphorylated and total PSD95) expression, and downregulation of mGluR5 and glutamate transporter 1 (GLT-1) in the NAc-shell. In addition, three months’ exposure to JUUL was associated with upregulation of mGluR5 and GLT-1 expression in the HIP. These findings demonstrated that three-month exposure to e-cig vapor containing high nicotine concentrations induced differential effects on the glutamatergic system in the NAc and HIP, suggesting dysregulation of glutamatergic system activity in mesolimbic brain regions.

scholarly journals Characteristics and toxicant emissions of JUUL electronic cigarettes

2019 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 678-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soha Talih ◽  
Rola Salman ◽  
Rachel El-Hage ◽  
Ebrahim Karam ◽  
Nareg Karaoghlanian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Electronic Cigarettes ◽  
Design Feature ◽  
Protonated Form ◽  
Control Circuit ◽  
Compact Form ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Heating Coil ◽  
Nicotine Concentration ◽  
The Us

IntroductionJUUL is an electronic cigarette (ECIG) with a compact form factor. It is prefilled with a liquid that is advertised to contain a high concentration of nicotine salt. JUUL commands 50% of the US ECIG market share, and its wide popularity with underage users has triggered unprecedented actions by the US FDA. Apart from its nicotine salt-containing liquid and compact form, a salient advertised design feature is a control circuit that limits the heating coil temperature, presumably reducing unwanted toxicants. In this study, several tobacco-flavoured JUUL devices were reverse engineered, and their aerosol emissions were studied.MethodsTotal nicotine and its partitioning (freebase and protonated), propylene glycol/vegetable glycerin (PG/VG) ratio, and carbonyls were quantified by gas chromatography (GC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The temperature control functionality of JUUL was investigated using a temperature-controlled bath in which the coil was submerged.ResultsThe liquid nicotine concentration was found to be 69 mg/mL, and the liquid and aerosol PG/VG ratio was found to be 30/70. In 15 puffs, JUUL emitted 2.05 (0.08) mg of nicotine, overwhelmingly in the protonated form. Carbonyl yields were significantly lower than those reported for combustible cigarettes, but similar to other closed-system ECIG devices. The heating coil resistance was 1.6 (0.66) Ohm, while the maximum power delivered by the JUUL device was 8.1 W. The control circuit limited the peak operating temperature to approximately 215C.ConclusionsJUUL emits a high-nicotine concentration aerosol predominantly in the protonated form. JUUL’s nicotine-normalised formaldehyde and total aldehyde yields are lower than other previously studied ECIGs and combustible cigarettes.

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