INDEPENDENT CONFIRMATION OF FLUVIAL REWORKING AT A LANCE FORMATION (MAASTRICHTIAN) BONEBED BY TRADITIONAL AND CHEMICAL TAPHONOMIC ANALYSES

Palaios ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
MATTHEW A. MCLAIN ◽  
PAUL V. ULLMANN ◽  
RICHARD D. ASH ◽  
KEIFER BOHNSTEDT ◽  
DAVID NELSEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Depositional Model ◽  
Cumulative Data ◽  
Flooding Event ◽  
History Of ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Independent Confirmation

ABSTRACT A dinosaur-bearing bonebed (Rose Quarry) from the uppermost Cretaceous (Maastrichtian) Lance Formation has yielded abundant, yet fragmentary, disarticulated, and disassociated bones and teeth of dinosaurs, turtles, crocodilians, and fish contained within a channelized sandstone unit along with large mud clasts. The vertebrate fossils of Rose Quarry possess varying abrasion states, tooth traces, and trampling marks, suggesting a complicated taphonomic history. To independently test hypotheses about the genesis of the assemblage, Rose Quarry bone samples were sent to members of our team who conducted “blind” analyses of their trace element signatures without knowledge of the physical taphonomic attributes of each specimen. The independent analyses of the chemical and physical taphonomic signatures both support a mixed, attritional bone concentration. Based on our cumulative data, we present a depositional model for the Rose Quarry bonebed in which a flooding event mixed bones already present in the channel or from an older bonebed with bones from the floodplain that had been scavenged, trampled, and broken. Our study demonstrates that striking variability is possible among fluvial bonebeds, and that such variability is influenced by pre-burial and post-burial factors, as well as depositional subenvironments and burial mechanisms. Additionally, we demonstrate that physical and chemical taphonomic analyses can independently confirm the taphonomic history of a bonebed.

scholarly journals Origin of Life on Mars: Suitability and Opportunities

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 539
Author(s):  
Benton C. Clark ◽  
Vera M. Kolb ◽  
Andrew Steele ◽  
Christopher H. House ◽  
Nina L. Lanza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Origin Of Life ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Early Earth ◽  
Sediment Samples ◽  
Life On Mars ◽  
Eventual Return ◽  
History Of ◽  
Early Mars ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Although the habitability of early Mars is now well established, its suitability for conditions favorable to an independent origin of life (OoL) has been less certain. With continued exploration, evidence has mounted for a widespread diversity of physical and chemical conditions on Mars that mimic those variously hypothesized as settings in which life first arose on Earth. Mars has also provided water, energy sources, CHNOPS elements, critical catalytic transition metal elements, as well as B, Mg, Ca, Na and K, all of which are elements associated with life as we know it. With its highly favorable sulfur abundance and land/ocean ratio, early wet Mars remains a prime candidate for its own OoL, in many respects superior to Earth. The relatively well-preserved ancient surface of planet Mars helps inform the range of possible analogous conditions during the now-obliterated history of early Earth. Continued exploration of Mars also contributes to the understanding of the opportunities for settings enabling an OoL on exoplanets. Favoring geochemical sediment samples for eventual return to Earth will enhance assessments of the likelihood of a Martian OoL.

Friends of Rose Canyon

2018 ◽  
Vol 95 (3) ◽  
pp. 2-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew Wiese
Keyword(s):  
Open Space ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
First Century ◽  
Grassroots Politics ◽  
History Of ◽  
University City ◽  
Participant Observer ◽  
The Rose

Place-based activism has played a critical role in the history of urban and environmental politics in California. This article explores the continuing significance of environmental place making to grassroots politics through a case study of Friends of Rose Canyon, an environmental group in San Diego. Based in the fast-growing University City neighborhood, Friends of Rose Canyon waged a long, successful campaign between 2002 and 2018 to prevent construction of a bridge in the Rose Canyon Open Space Park in their community. Using historical and participant observer methodologies, this study reveals how twenty-first-century California urbanites claimed and created meaningful local places and mobilized effective politics around them. It illuminates the critical role of individual activists; suggests practical, replicable strategies for community mobilization; and demonstrates the significant impact of local activism at the urban and metropolitan scales.

Molybdenosis Leading to Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Swedish Moose

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Frank
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Trace Element Pattern ◽  
Cu Deficiency ◽  
Mucosal Oedema ◽  
Loss Of Appetite ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The “mysterious moose disease” also called “wasting disease” is affecting moose in a strongly acidified region of southwestern Sweden. Chemical investigations of animals from the affected region have been performed since 1988 and several articles are already published (Frank et al. 1994, Frank 1998, Frank et al. 1999, 2000a, b, c, d). The numerous clinical signs and necropsy findings have included diarrhea, loss of appetite, emaciation, discoloration and loss of hair, apathy, osteoporosis, and neurological signs such as behavioral and locomotor disturbances (Rehbinder et al. 1991, Stéen et al. 1993). Further findings were mucosal oedema, hyperemia, hemorrhages and lesions of the mucosa in the gastrointestinal tract, hemosiderosis of the spleen and liver, dilated flabby heart, alveolar emphysema, and uni- or bilateral corneal opacity. Not all the symptoms appear simultaneously in one and the same animal. About 150—180 affected animals have been reported annually since the late 1980s. An increase in molybdenum (Mo) and a decrease in copper and cadmium (Cu, Cd) content in organ tissues (e.g., liver) are signs of a disturbed trace element balance found in affected animals (Frank 1998). To confirm the findings and to elucidate the mechanisms leading to molybdenosis and Cu deficiency, experimental studies were performed in goats. The feeding studies were performed in a controlled laboratory environment and a semi-synthetic diet was supplied (Frank et al. 2000c). Despite considerable differences in species and living conditions between goat and moose, similar changes in trace element pattern and clinical chemical parameters were observed in both species. The study shows that the etiology of the moose disease is basically molybdenosis followed by Cu deficiency, inter alia (Frank et al. 2000a,b,d). Mo is an essential trace element that controls the metabolism of Cu in ruminants. Increased Mo concentrations relative to Cu in feed results in Cu deficiency, whereas the converse leads to an accumulation of Cu, even to Cu poisoning (e.g., in sheep). In an acidified environment, the molybdate anion is adsorbed in the soil, contrary to positively charged metals. The presence of Mo and Cu in the environment is basically dependent mainly on geochemistry, influenced by numerous physical and chemical parameters (Selinus et al. 1996, Selinus and Frank 2000).

scholarly journals Trace elements geochemistry in high-incidence areas of liver-related diseases, northwestern Ethiopia

2019 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 1235-1254
Author(s):  
Jemal Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Trace Element ◽  
Selenium Deficiency ◽  
Stream Sediments ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Geochemical Background ◽  
Water Stream ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trace Element Contents

Abstract This paper reports the results of trace elements geochemistry from Tigray national state, northwestern Ethiopia. The area is part of the Arabian-Nubian Shield, where the dominant exposure is low-grade metamorphic rocks and has a long history of liver-related diseases. The increase in the number of liver-related disease patients of the area has been an environmental health issue of national concern. The aim of the study is to determine the level of trace element concentrations and distributions in water and stream sediments of the area and identify the possible sources in relation to human health. Water, stream sediment and rocks samples (20 water, 20 stream sediments, and 6 rock samples) were collected in March 2011 and analyzed for major and trace element contents using ICP-MS, ICP-OES, ion Chromatography, and XRF methods. Bromine, aluminum, fluorine, arsenic, and nitrate values exceed the WHO maximum acceptable concentration (MAC) for drinking purpose. Bromine ranges from 0.11 to 1.48 mg/l show higher values in all samples, and fluorine ranges from 0.21 to 16.49 mg/l show higher values in 20% of the samples. Other trace elements are aluminum—30%, arsenic—10%, and nitrate (NO3)—10%, and they are examples of elements which have above MAC for drinking water. Selenium deficiency may be the other problematic element in the area for which its deficiency is associated with liver damage and heart muscle disorder. The concentration of cobalt and chromium exceeded world geochemical background value in average shale at most sample stations indicated that these stations were in potential risk.

scholarly journals Soil Factors Related to the Severity of Clubroot in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil

Plant Disease ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 101 (8) ◽  
pp. 1345-1353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aline da S. Bhering ◽  
Margarida G. F. do Carmo ◽  
Talita de S. Matos ◽  
Erica S. A. Lima ◽  
Nelson M. B. do Amaral Sobrinho
Keyword(s):  
Rio De Janeiro ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Inoculum Potential ◽  
Family Farms ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
Soil Attributes ◽  
Brassica Spp ◽  
History Of ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

Soil pH and calcium levels are determining factors in the success or failure of managing clubroot during the cultivation of Brassica spp. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of soil attributes in tropical regions on the development of roots and clubroot and the accumulation of biomass and nutrients in cauliflower. One hundred and fifty-one samples of soil and plants were collected from 16 family farms that have a history of more than 50 years of regular cauliflower cultivation in Nova Friburgo, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Chemical and physical analyses were performed on the soil samples, and the severity of clubroot and the accumulation of biomass and macronutrients in individual plants and plant tissues. Clustering and main principal component analyses were performed on the data. The disease occurred on all farms, but with different intensities. A direct relationship was observed for the soil attributes (acidity and exchangeable aluminum content in particular) with the percentage of roots with clubroot and with the accumulation of biomass and macronutrients in the different plant organs. To reduce losses from clubroot in weathered soils, practices should aim to reduce the pathogen’s inoculum potential and improve the physical and chemical conditions of the soil, which would favor root development of the plants.

scholarly journals The Rose-Colored Glasses of Geriatric Fall Patients: Inconsistencies Between Knowledge of Risk Factors for and Actual Causes of Falls

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 233372142096788
Author(s):  
Courtney E. Collins ◽  
Arnav Chandra ◽  
Bryan Nguyen ◽  
Kurt Schultz ◽  
Pawan Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personal Experience ◽  
Environmental Hazards ◽  
Patient Perceptions ◽  
Fatal Injury ◽  
Walking Aids ◽  
History Of ◽  
Fall Risks ◽  
Fatal Trauma ◽  
The Rose

Background: Falls are the leading cause of fatal injury, and most common cause of non-fatal trauma, among older adults. We sought to elicit older patient’s perspectives on fall risks for the general population as well as contributions to any personal falls to identify opportunities to improve fall education. Methods: Ten patients with a history of falls from inpatient trauma and outpatient geriatric services were interviewed. Transcripts were analyzed independently by five individuals using triangulation and constant comparison (NVivo11, QSR International) to compare fall risks to fall causes. Results: All patients reported that either they (9/10 participants) or someone they knew (8/10) had fallen. Despite this, only two personally worried about falling. Patient perceptions of fall risks fell into seven major themes: physiologic decline (8/10); underestimating limitations (7/10); environmental hazards (7/10), lack of awareness/rushing (4/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (3/10); positional transitions (2/10), and improper footwear (1/10). In contrast, the most commonly reported causes of personal falls were lack of awareness/rushing (7/10), environmental hazards (3/10), misuse/lack of walking aids (2/10), improper footwear (2/10), physiologic decline (2/10), underestimating limitations (1/10) and positional transitions (1/10). In general tended to attribute their own falls to their surroundings and were less likely to attribute physical or psychological limitations. Conclusion: Despite participants identifying falls as a serious problem, they were unlikely to worry about falling themselves. Participants were able to identify common fall risks. However, when speaking about personal experience, they were more likely to blame environmental hazards or rushing, and minimized the role of physiologic decline and personal limitations.

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