scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of the N2 and P300 Components of the Auditory Evoked Potential in Women with Arterial Hypertension: A study in the Russian Arctic

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-285
Author(s):  
Olga V. Krivonogova ◽  
Elena V. Krivonogova ◽  
Liliya V. Poskotinova
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Auditory Evoked Potential ◽  
P300 Amplitude ◽  
Oddball Paradigm ◽  
Russian Arctic ◽  
Working Age ◽  
P3 Amplitude ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

The aim of this study was to evaluate the spatial distribution of the latencies and amplitudes of the N2 and P3 (or P300) components of the AEP in the Russian Arctic working-age women with different levels of BP. Methods and Results: A total of 25 working-age women living in Nadym city for more than 20 years took part in this study. Group 1 (n=12, control group) consisted of women with BP within the normal range (<130/90 mmHg); Group 2 (n=13) consisted of women with AH (AH duration from 1 to 10 years). The parameters of the N2 and P300) components of the AEP were evaluated using an electroencephalograph (Neuron-Spectrum-4/VPM, Russia). An auditory oddball paradigm was used to elicit the oddball ERPs. In Group 2, compared with Group 1, the N2 latency was more pronounced in the parietal (P4, P3), central (C4, C3), frontal (F4, F3), and left temporal (T3, F7) regions. The N2 amplitude in all studied brain regions in individuals of both groups was comparable. The P300 latency did not differ between the two groups. In Group 2, the P300 amplitude was significantly lower in the parietal region (P3) on the left, and in the central and temporal regions on the right (C4, T4). In Group 2, inverse correlations between DBP and the P3 amplitude were revealed in the central (C4: r=-0.88, P=0.001; C3: r=-0.86, P=0.001), frontal (F4: r=-0.76; P=0.01; F3: r=-0.93, P=0.001), and anterior-temporal cerebral regions (F8: r=-0.65, P=0.04; F7: r=-0.64, P=0.04). SBP correlated with the P3 amplitude in the right mid-temporal region (T4: r=0.64, P=0.04). Conclusion: The features of the spatial distribution of the N2 and P3 components of the AEP can be used for early diagnosis of the risk of developing cognitive disorders in AH patients.

scholarly journals A tissue-engineered urinary conduit in a porcine urinary diversion model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arkadiusz Jundziłł ◽  
Piotr Kwieciński ◽  
Daria Balcerczyk ◽  
Tomasz Kloskowski ◽  
Dariusz Grzanka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Urinary Diversion ◽  
Porcine Model ◽  
Histological Evaluation ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

AbstractThe use of an ileal segment is a standard method for urinary diversion after radical cystectomy. Unfortunately, utilization of this method can lead to numerous surgical and metabolic complications. This study aimed to assess the tissue-engineered artificial conduit for urinary diversion in a porcine model. Tissue-engineered tubular polypropylene mesh scaffolds were used for the right ureter incontinent urostomy model. Eighteen male pigs were divided into three equal groups: Group 1 (control ureterocutaneostomy), Group 2 (the right ureter-artificial conduit-skin anastomoses), and Group 3 (4 weeks before urostomy reconstruction, the artificial conduit was implanted between abdomen muscles). Follow-up was 6 months. Computed tomography, ultrasound examination, and pyelogram were used to confirm the patency of created diversions. Morphological and histological analyses were used to evaluate the tissue-engineered urinary diversion. All animals survived the experimental procedures and follow-up. The longest average patency was observed in the 3rd Group (15.8 weeks) compared to the 2nd Group (10 weeks) and the 1st Group (5.8 weeks). The implant’s remnants created a retroperitoneal post-inflammation tunnel confirmed by computed tomography and histological evaluation, which constitutes urostomy. The simultaneous urinary diversion using a tissue-engineered scaffold connected directly with the skin is inappropriate for clinical application.

Systemic to Pulmonary Collaterals in Extremely Low Birth Weight Infants: Incidence, Clinical Significance, and Hemodynamic Features

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cynthia Hayek ◽  
Rowena Cayabyab ◽  
Ima Thompson ◽  
Mahmood Ebrahimi ◽  
Bijan Siassi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight ◽  
Clinical Outcomes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Extremely Low Birth Weight ◽  
Low Birth Weight Infants ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Objective To determine the incidence of systemic to pulmonary collaterals (SPCs) in extremely low birth weight infants and to assess its clinical and hemodynamic significance beyond the neonatal period. Study Design Retrospective cohort study was conducted on 61 infants with echocardiogram performed at the time of discharge to determine the presence of SPC and to measure the right and left ventricular outputs and left atrium to aortic ratio. We compared two groups: small or no SPC (Group 1) to moderate or large SPC (Group 2) on demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters. Results Sixty-one infants were included. The incidence of SPC was 57%; 21% of infants had moderate or large shunts and 31% had small SPC. Demographics, clinical outcomes, and echocardiographic parameters were not significantly different between small or no SPC and moderate to large SPC. Conclusion More than half of the infants had SPC. The size of the shunt did not affect the clinical outcomes nor the echocardiographic parameters measured. All infants had cardiac output above the normative mean.

Independent Processing of the Temporal and Ordinal Structure of Movement Sequences

2003 ◽  
Vol 90 (6) ◽  
pp. 3725-3735 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fredrik Ullén ◽  
Sara L. Bengtsson
Keyword(s):  
Motor Control ◽  
Implicit Learning ◽  
Index Finger ◽  
Temporal Structure ◽  
Transfer Effects ◽  
Fast Learning ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Temporal Sequences ◽  
Group 1

We investigated if the temporal and ordinal structures of sequences can be represented and learned independently. In Experiment 1, subjects learned three rhythmic sequences of key presses with the right index finger: Combined consisted of nine key presses with a corresponding temporal structure of eight intervals; Temporal had the temporal structure of Combined but was performed on one key; Ordinal had the ordinal structure of Combined but an isochronous rhythm. Subjects were divided into two groups. Group 1 first learned Combined, then Temporal and Ordinal; Group 2 first learned Temporal and Ordinal, then Combined. Strong transfer effects were seen in both groups. In Group 1, having learned combined facilitated the learning of the temporal ( Temporal) or ordinal ( Ordinal) sequence alone; in Group 2, having learned Temporal and Ordinal facilitated the learning of Combined, where the two are combined. This supports that subjects had formed independent temporal and ordinal representations. In Experiment 2, we investigated if these can be learned independently. Subjects repeatedly reproduced sequences with fixed temporal and random ordinal structure; random temporal and fixed ordinal structure; and random temporal and ordinal structures. Temporal and ordinal learning was seen only in the first and second sequences, respectively. In summary, we provide evidence for the existence of independent systems for learning and representation of ordinal and temporal sequences and for implicit learning of temporal sequences. This may be important for fast learning and flexibility in motor control.

Vasoactive intestinal peptide in canine hearts: effect of total cardiac denervation

1992 ◽  
Vol 262 (2) ◽  
pp. H598-H602 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. L. Anderson ◽  
J. R. Wynn ◽  
J. Kimball ◽  
G. R. Hanson ◽  
E. Hammond ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Left Ventricle ◽  
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
Canine Heart ◽  
Cardiac Denervation ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

The effect of total cardiac denervation on the distribution of cardiac immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide (IR-VIP) was determined in four groups of dogs. Denervated dogs killed at either 7 days (group 1) or 30 days (group 3) were compared with sham-operated dogs killed at either 7 days (group 2) or 30 days (group 4). The highest concentrations of IR-VIP were found in the left atrium and proximal left anterior descending and circumflex coronary arteries and were not affected by denervation. Concentrations of IR-VIP in the left ventricle were barely detectable. Only right ventricular IR-VIP concentrations were significantly lower in denervated compared with sham-operated dogs in both groups. Thus these data provide evidence of intrinsic VIP innervation of the atria and epicardial coronary arteries and localized extrinsic VIP innervation of the right ventricle of the canine heart.

scholarly journals Neural mechanisms of coarse-to-fine discrimination in the visual cortex

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (11) ◽  
pp. 2822-2833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopathy Purushothaman ◽  
Xin Chen ◽  
Dmitry Yampolsky ◽  
Vivien A. Casagrande
Keyword(s):  
Visual Cortex ◽  
Tuning Curve ◽  
Discrimination Performance ◽  
Neural Mechanisms ◽  
Initial Increase ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neuronal Groups ◽  
Coarse To Fine ◽  
Group 1

Vision is a dynamic process that refines the spatial scale of analysis over time, as evidenced by a progressive improvement in the ability to detect and discriminate finer details. To understand coarse-to-fine discrimination, we studied the dynamics of spatial frequency (SF) response using reverse correlation in the primary visual cortex (V1) of the primate. In a majority of V1 cells studied, preferred SF either increased monotonically with time ( group 1) or changed nonmonotonically, with an initial increase followed by a decrease ( group 2). Monotonic shift in preferred SF occurred with or without an early suppression at low SFs. Late suppression at high SFs always accompanied nonmonotonic SF dynamics. Bayesian analysis showed that SF discrimination performance and best discriminable SF frequencies changed with time in different ways in the two groups of neurons. In group 1 neurons, SF discrimination performance peaked on both left and right flanks of the SF tuning curve at about the same time. In group 2 neurons, peak discrimination occurred on the right flank (high SFs) later than on the left flank (low SFs). Group 2 neurons were also better discriminators of high SFs. We examined the relationship between the time at which SF discrimination performance peaked on either flank of the SF tuning curve and the corresponding best discriminable SFs in both neuronal groups. This analysis showed that the population best discriminable SF increased with time in V1. These results suggest neural mechanisms for coarse-to-fine discrimination behavior and that this process originates in V1 or earlier.

Dietary specificity in women engaged in intellectual work with low physical activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-13
Author(s):  
Е.N. Lobykina ◽  
◽  
L.А. Proskuryakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Program Analysis ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective. Unbalanced nutrition of women of different age is one of the risk factors for developing chronic non-infectious diseases at early working age. The aim of the work was to study the nutrition of working-age women living in a large industrial centre, whose work patterns are characterized by a low level of physical activity. Patients and methods. A retrospective cross-sectional study included 282 women with low physical activity: group 1 – 18–39-year-olds (n = 176), group 2 – 40 years and older (n = 108). The computer program «Analysis of the state of human nutrition» (version 1.2, Institute of Nutrition RAMS 2003–2005) assessed the actual nutrition. Inter-group comparison of parameters was performed using the Mann–Whitney (U) test with the Benjamini–Hochberg correction. Results. The calorific value of the diets exceeded the norms (in group 1 by 1.1 times, in group 2 by 1.6 times) due to consumption of proteins and fats. Cholesterol intake was reduced in both groups (by 0.6–0.9 times, respectively). The proportions of dietary mono- and disaccharides exceeded the norm by 2 and more times in both groups, deficiency of dietary fiber was found in group 1 – 26.5%, in group 2 – 45% of normal. In both groups, a higher intake of sodium (by 2–3.5 times) and phosphorus (by 1.4–2 times) was found. Group 1 had a lower intake of Ca (by 1.4 times), Mg (by 1.6 times), vitamins B1 (by 1.8 times), B2 (by 1.5 times) and PP (by 1.8 times). In group 2, mineral and vitamin intake was significantly higher but insufficient as well. Conclusion. Women's diets are imbalanced toward the excess of the total caloric intake, the amounts of consumed proteins and fats, sodium, potassium, phosphorus; insufficient intake of dietary fiber, Ca, Fe, and some vitamins, which is a serious risk factor for the development of chronic non-infectious diseases and should be taken into account in treatment and prevention programmes implemented at younger ages.

scholarly journals Effect of cilostazol on neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs after transluminal angioplasty

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 175-180
Author(s):  
Joel Alex Longhi ◽  
Adamastor Humberto Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Histological Analysis ◽  
Common Iliac Artery ◽  
Neointimal Hyperplasia ◽  
Balloon Catheter ◽  
Transluminal Angioplasty ◽  
Iliac Arteries ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1 ◽  
Tunica Intima

<sec><title>OBJECTIVE:</title><p> to evaluate whether systemic administration of cilostazol reduces neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs submitted to balloon catheter angioplasty.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS:</title><p> twenty pigs underwent angioplasty with a 6x40 mm balloon catheter in the right common iliac artery, guided by Doppler ultrasound. The animals were randomized into two groups: group 1 (n=10), which received 50mg cilostazol twice a day, and group 2 (n=10), control. After 30 days, the animals were killed and the iliac arteries prepared for histological analysis. The histological sections were digitized and analyzed by digital morphometry. Statistical analysis was performed using the Student t and Mann-Whitney tests.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS:</title><p> when comparing the iliac arteries submitted to angioplasty with those not subjected to angioplasty, there was significant neointimal hyperplasia (0.228 versus 0.119 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.0001). In arteries undergoing angioplasty, there was no difference between group 1 (cilostazol) and group 2 (control) as for the lumen area (2.277 versus 2.575 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.08), the tunica intima (0.219 versus 0.237 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.64), the tunica media (2.262 vs. 2.393 mm<sup>2</sup>; p=0.53) and the neointimal occlusion percentage (8.857 vs. 9.257 %; p=0.82).</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSION:</title><p> the use of cilostazol 50mg administered in two daily doses did not reduce neointimal hyperplasia in iliac arteries of pigs submitted to balloon angioplasty catheter.</p></sec>

Effects of Acupuncture and An Agonist of Opiate Receptors on Heroin Dependent Patients

1999 ◽  
Vol 27 (02) ◽  
pp. 143-148 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. F. Timofeev
Keyword(s):  
Opiate Receptors ◽  
Acupuncture Points ◽  
Interhemisphere Asymmetry ◽  
Drug Addicts ◽  
Treatment Results ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

This study examined the influence of acupuncture and an agonist of opiate receptors (Procedol) by means of temperature in both the left and right auricular "Lung" points, and on the coefficIent of interhemisphere asymmetry. Twenty heroin dependent patients participated in this research. They were evenly divided into two groups. Both groups consisted of 10 male drug addicts (18-19 years old) who had been using heroin for 8-10 months. Group 1 received 1.0 ml procedol (i. m.). Group 2 were treated with acupuncture. Temperature was measured on the acupuncture points before and after treatment. Results of this study showed that temperature increased on the left and decreased on the right acupuncture points in both the procedol and acupuncture treated groups. The net changes before and after treatment were 92.87% and 92.53% in groups 1 and 2 respectively. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture on treatment of heroin dependence is through the same pathway as the agonist on opiate receptors, 20% of patients are resisted to acupuncture.

scholarly journals Diferencias entre las membranas inducidas por diferentes implantes y cementos. Estudio experimental. [Differences among membranes induced by different implants and cements. Experimental study]

2019 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 286-295
Author(s):  
Esteban Andrés Lobos Centeno ◽  
Fernando Vanoli ◽  
Pablo López ◽  
Martín Mangupli ◽  
Christian Antonio Allende Nores
Keyword(s):  
Cement Spacer ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Epithelial Proliferation ◽  
Vascular Proliferation ◽  
Histological Characteristics ◽  
Elastic Nail ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Introducción: El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar y comparar las características de las membranas que se forman alrededor de espaciadores de cemento y aquellas que rodean a implantes de titanio y acero.Materiales y Métodos: Veinte conejos en 2 grupos de 10: grupo 1, espaciador de cemento con antibióticos en fémur derecho y clavo de titanio (TEN) en fémur izquierdo; grupo 2, espaciador de cemento con antibióticos más corticoide en fémur derecho y clavija de acero en fémur izquierdo. A las 6 semanas se extrajeron las membranas. Se evaluaron sus características macroscópicas, bioquímicas, histológicas y en las imágenes.Resultados: Macroscopia: la membrana del cemento con antibióticos era significativamente más ancha y, en el cemento con corticoide y el TEN, era muy fina y adherente. Microscopia: menos inflamación en el cemento con corticoide (p = 0,0502), sin diferencias con las clavijas (p = 0,322). La proliferación epitelial era mayor en las clavijas (p = 0,026) y escasa en el cemento con corticoide (p = 0,071). Hubo una leve tendencia a la proliferación vascular (p = 0,107), de menor actividad, en el grupo con corticoide vs. sin corticoide. No hubo diferencias entre clavija y TEN (p = 0,737). No hubo diferencias significativas en las radiografías y la tomografía (p = 0,988). En la resonancia magnética, la mayoría de las respuestas en el grupo 2 indicaron sin osteointegración, debido a distorsión de la imagen (metal).Conclusiones: Diferentes materiales y los diferentes agregados alteran macroscópica e histológicamente las membranas. El cemento con corticoide presentó menor inflamación y fibrosis, menos proliferación vascular, y membranas más finas y adherentes. AbstractBackground: The objective of this study is to analyze and compare the characteristics of the membranes that form around cement spacers; as well as the one that develops around titanium and steel implants.Materials and Methods: 20 rabbits were divided into 2 groups of 10. In Group 1, an antibiotic-coated cement spacer was placed on the right femur, and a titanium elastic nail (TEN) on the left one. In Group 2, an antibiotic/steroid-coated cement spacer was placed on the right femur, and a steel peg on the left one. At 6 weeks, the membranes were removed and its macroscopic, imaging, biochemical and histological characteristics wereevaluated.Results: Macroscopy: The membrane induced by the ATB-coated cement spacer was significantly wider, whereas the one induced by the steroid-coated cement spacer and the TEN was very thin and adherent. Microscopy: The membrane induced by the steroid-coated cement spacer showed less inflammation (p = 0.0502) and was similar to the one induced by the steel peg (p = 0.322). Steel pegs showed greater epithelial proliferation (p = 0.026), which was scarce on the membrane induced by the steroid-coated cement spacer (p = 0.071). There was a mild tendency towards less active vascular proliferation (p = 0.107) in the group of the steroid-coated cement spacer vs. the one without  steroids. There were no differences between the steel peg and the TEN (p = 0.737). X-rays and CT showed no significant differences (p = 0.988). In MRIs, most of the responses indicated lack of osseointegration in the steel peg group due to metallic artifacts.Conclusions: Different materials (titanium, steel and cement) with different agents added to them (antibiotics and steroids), alter the membranes both macroscopically and histologically. The steroidcoated cement spacer showed less inflammation and fibrosis, less vascular proliferation, and thinner and adherent membranes.

scholarly journals Association of Digit Ratio With Depression and Hopelessness in Females

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 100-104
Author(s):  
Shabnam Aliabadi ◽  
Zahra Zendehboodi
Keyword(s):  
Severe Depression ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Digit Ratio ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Right Hand ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
The Right ◽  
Group 1

Introduction: Depression is regarded as the main cause of individual’s incapacity. One of the component of depression is hopelessness. This study was planned to examine if the digit ratio associates with depression and hopelessness status in the Iranian women. Methods: This cross-sectional study sample included 358 women aged between 20 to 32 years old. The palm side of both hands of individuals was photographed and then the length of index and ring fingers was measured by ImageJ. The Beck’s depression inventory II and Beck’s hopelessness scale (BHS) were used to measure the levels of depression and hopelessness respectively. ANOVA and Student’s t test was applied to compare the study groups in respect to the continuous data. Results: The results showed that the means of 2D:4D ratio of neither right nor left hands were significantly different between the depression study groups. The same insignificant results were derived with hopelessness status too. However, reanalyzing the data, while combination of depression and hopelessness was considered, showed a significantly lower digit ratio of the right hand in the women whit neither depression nor hopelessness (group 1) compared to the women with moderate/severe depression while holding a degree of hopelessness (group 2) (ratio mean for group 1: 0.978 ± 0.003 and for group 2: 0.992 ± 0.005; t = -2.417, P = 0.017). Conclusion: Our data suggested that the 2D:4D ratio of the right hand in the women associates with the severity of depression when accompanied by hopelessness.

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