scholarly journals The Archaeology of the 16th And 17th Century Caddo in the Post Oak Savannah of Northeast Texas: The Tuinier Farm (41HP237), R. A. Watkins (41HP238), and Anglin (41HP240) Sites in the Stoots Creek Basin, Hopkins County, Texas

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Elsbeth Dowd ◽  
Lee Green ◽  
George Morgan ◽  
Bo Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
17Th Century ◽  
White Oak ◽  
The West ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Net Productivity ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Post Oak

The Tuinier Farm (41HP237), R. A. Watkins (41HP238), and Anglin (41HP240) sites are 16th to 17th century Caddo sites in the modern-day Post Oak Savannah of Northeast Texas. All three of the sites are located on Stouts Creek, in the eastern part of Hopkins County, Texas, a northward-flowing tributary to White Oak Creek in the Sulphur River basin; the modern channel of White Oak Creek lies ca. 15 km north of these sites. The Culpepper site (41HP1), a previously investigated mid-to late 17th century Caddo habitation and cemetery site, is about 2 km downstream. Small areas of tall-grass prairie lie to the north between the Stouts Creek sites and White Oak Creek, but the eastern extent of the larger White Oak and Sulphur prairies is approximately 15 km to the west and northwest. At the time of the Caddo occupation of the Stouts Creek sites, the climate was wetter and warmer than today, with significant mesic periods between A.D. 1477- 1524, A.D. 1539-1572, and A.D. 1603-1670. After A.D. 1670, the years from A.D. 1671 -1676 were relatively cool and dry. The more mesic periods had more equitable rainfall (adequate growing season rainfall) and this, combined with the warmer temperatures, led to an increased net productivity and carrying capacity of plants and animals in the Post Oak Savannah and Pineywoods that were settled by Titus phase populations. The Tuinier Farm site is the closest of the three sites to the headwaters of Stouts Creek. It is situated on a relatively flat and sandy upland ridge (460 feet amsl) about 1 km south of the Anglin site and just east of Stouts Creek. Anglin is on a sandy knoll (460 feet amsl) on an upland slope, also east of Stouts Creek. The third site, R. A. Watkins, is 1.2 km northwest of the Anglin site, also on an upland slope, but 200 m east of an intermittent tributary to Stouts Creek and 1 km from Stouts Creek.

scholarly journals Documentation of the Caddo Ceramic Vessels from the Culpepper Site (41HP1) in Hopkins County in the Upper Sulphur River Basin in East Texas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
East Texas ◽  
White Oak ◽  
Tall Grass ◽  
University Of Texas ◽  
Cultural Affiliation ◽  
Tall Grass Prairie ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
The University

The Culpepper site (41HP1) is a late (post-A.D. 1600) Titus phase site in the upper Sulphur River basin in East Texas. It is on a sandy knoll alongside Stouts Creek, a small northward-flowing stream in the White Oak Creek basin of the larger Sulphur River drainage. The site is in the modern-day Post Oak Savannah, but there are areas of tall grass prairie between Stouts Creek and White Oak Creek; the larger White Oak and Sulphur prairies lie approximately 15 km to the west and northwest. Excavations at the Culpepper site by University of Texas (UT) archaeologists in 1931 uncovered a number of ancestral Caddo burial features with associated ceramic vessel funerary offerings. These ceramic vessels are presently curated at the Texas Archeological Research Laboratory at The University of Texas at Austin (TARL). In this article I document and analyze the Culpepper site vessels to better ascertain the likely chronological age and social and cultural affiliation of the Caddo populations that occupied the Stouts Creek area, as well as their interrelationships with other known Caddo communities in East Texas.

Excavations at Fishbourne, 1963. Third Interim Report

1964 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Keyword(s):  
Interim Report ◽  
The West ◽  
Civic Society ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
The Future ◽  
Set Up

Early in 1963 much of the land occupied by the Roman building at Fishbourne was purchased by Mr. I. D. Margary, M.A., F.S.A., and was given to the Sussex Archaeological Trust. The Fishbourne Committee of the trust was set up to administer the future of the site. The third season's excavation, carried out at the desire of this committee, was again organized by the Chichester Civic Society.1 About fifty volunteers a day were employed from 24th July to 3rd September. Excavation concentrated upon three main areas; the orchard south of the east wing excavated in 1962, the west end of the north wing, and the west wing. In addition, trial trenches were dug at the north-east and north-west extremities of the building and in the area to the north of the north wing. The work of supervision was carried out by Miss F. Pierce, M.A., Mr. B. Morley, Mr. A. B. Norton, B.A., and Mr. J. P. Wild, B.A. Photography was organized by Mr. D. B. Baker and Mrs. F. A. Cunliffe took charge of the pottery and finds.

The Misfortunes of William, Fourth Lord Petre (1638–1655)

1971 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Clay
Keyword(s):  
Sixteenth Century ◽  
17Th Century ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Income ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
South West ◽  
Secretary Of State ◽  
The Family ◽  
Large Estate

The Lords Petre were always one of the most prominent of English Catholic families, and they were also one of the richest. Their landed estates had been built up in the middle of the sixteenth century by Sir William Petre, Secretary of State to three Tudor sovereigns. Sir William's son, John, was created a Baron in 1611, but in the early 17th century the family properties ceased to grow in size, partly because Catholicism excluded them from the profits of office, and partly because provision for younger sons offset such new acquisitions as were made. But even so the estates inherited by the third Lord Petre in 1637 were large enough to place him clearly in the ranks of the great landed magnates. In Essex he had a well-consolidated belt of land lying to the west and south-west of Chelmsford, and centred on the two family residences of Ingatestone Hall and Thorndon Hall. Altogether in Essex Petre had about 11,000 acres of freehold land and the lordship of seventeen manors, and these produced some £5,500 per annum or considerably more than half his total income from land. In addition he had a large estate on the opposite side of the country, in Devon. This lay in two distinct areas, one centred on Axminster and extending down the Axe valley and its tributaries, and the other in the southerly projection of the county on the southern edge of Dartmoor, where the principal possession was the vast moorland manor of South Brent. Besides the main estates in Essex and Devon, there were some isolated properties: the manor of Osmington down on the Dorset coast; Toddenham and Sutton in Gloucestershire; Kennett and Kentford on the Cambridgeshire-Suffolk border.

Prehistoric Roads and Tracks in Somerset, England: 2. Neolithic

1970 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 125-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
John M. Coles ◽  
F. Alan Hibbert ◽  
Colin F. Clements
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
Extensive Region ◽  
Peat Deposits ◽  
Third Millennium ◽  
South West England

The Somerset Levels are the largest area of low-lying ground in south-west England, covering an extensive region between the highlands of Exmoor, the Brendon Hills and the Quantock Hills to the west, and the Cotswold and Mendip Hills to the east (Pl. XXIII, inset). The Quantock Hills and the Mendip Hills directly border the Levels themselves, and reach heights of over 250 metres above sea level. The valley between extends to 27 metres below sea level, but is filled to approximately the height of the present sea by a blue-grey clay. The Levels are bisected by the limestone hills of the Poldens, and both parts have other smaller areas of limestone and sand projecting above the peat deposits that cap the blue-grey clay filling. In this paper we are concerned with the northern part of the Levels, an area at present drained by the River Brue.The flat, peat-covered floor of the Brue Valley is some six kilometres wide and is flanked on the north by the Wedmore Ridge, and on the south by the Polden Hills (Pl. XXIII). In the centre of the valley, surrounded by the peat, is a group of islands of higher ground, Meare, Westhay, and Burtle. These islands, which would always have provided relatively dry ground in the Levels, are linked together by Neolithic trackways of the third millennium B.C. Several of these trackways formed the basis of a paper in these Proceedings in 1968 (Coles and Hibbert, 1968), which continued the work of Godwin and others (Godwin, 1960; Dewar and Godwin, 1963).

The armies of the Ṣaffārids

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (3) ◽  
pp. 534-554 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. E. Bosworth
Keyword(s):  
Ninth Century ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
North West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
Frontier Region ◽  
Short Time

It is not too much to describe the Ṣaffārids of S‚stān as an archetypal military dynasty. In the later years of the third/ninth century, their empire covered the greater part of the non-Arab eastern Islamic world. In the west, Ya'qūb. al-Laith's army was only halted at Dair al-'Āqūl, 50 miles from Baghdad; in the north, Ya'qūb and his brother 'Arm campaigned in the Caspian coastlands against the local 'Alids, and 'Amr made serious attempts to extend his power into Khwārazm and Transoxania; in the east, the two brothers pushed forward the frontiers of the Dār al-Islām into the pagan borderlands of what are now eastern Afghanistan and the North-West Frontier region of West Pakistan; and in the south, Ṣaffārid authority was acknowledged even across the persion Gulf in ‘Umān. This impressive achievement was the work of two soldiers of genius, Ya'qūub and 'Amr, and lasted for little more than a quarter of a century. It began to crumble when in 287/900 the Sāmānid Amīr Ismā'īl b. Aḥmad defeated arid captured ‘Amr b. al-Laith, and 11 years later, the core of the empire, Sīstān itself, was in Sāmānid hands. Yet such was the effect in Sīstān of the Ṣaffārid brothers’ achievement, and the stimulus to local pride and feeling which resulted from it, that the Ṣaffārids returned to power there in a very short time. For several more centuries they endured and survived successive waves of invaders of Sīstān—the Ghaznavids, the Seljūqs, the Mongols—and persisted down to the establishment of the Ṣafavid state in Persia.

scholarly journals A Prehistoric Caddo Site on Black Fork Creek, Upper Neches River Basin, Smith County, Texas

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Perttula ◽  
Bo Nelson
Keyword(s):  
River Basin ◽  
Archaeological Survey ◽  
Archaeological Record ◽  
The West ◽  
The North ◽  
Savanna Vegetation ◽  
Post Oak ◽  
The Right ◽  
Neches River ◽  
Smith County

During the course of recent archaeological survey investigations for a proposed waterline, a previously unrecorded prehistoric Caddo site Lakewood Gardens (41SM425)-was found near, but outside the right-of-way and construction casement of, the proposed waterline. This article provides summary details about the site, hopefully adding information to the sparse archaeological record of prehistoric Caddo sites along Black Fork Creek. The site is situated on a natural upland rise (440 feet amsl) overlooking the Black Fork Creek floodplain less than 200 m to the north. Black Fork Creek is in the upper Neches River basin; the creek flows west into Prairie Creek, which enters the Neches River about 10 km to the west of the site. This area is in the Post Oak Savannah. Before the mid- to late 19th century, the swampy Black Fork Creek floodplain would have been covered with an oak-hickory forest, with more mesic hardwoods, including various oaks, maple, sweetgum, ash, and elm. The Post Oak Savanna vegetation would have been dominated by a variety of fire-tolerant oaks and hickory on upland landforms. The upland landforms in this part of Smith County area have Eocene-aged Queen Sparta, Tyler Greenstone Member, and Weches Formation interbedded deposits of sand and clays.

scholarly journals Loess covers on the terraces in the lower course of Svicha River

2016 ◽  
pp. 412-426 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andriy Yatsyshyn ◽  
Andriy Bogucki ◽  
Roman Dmytruk ◽  
Olena Tomeniuk ◽  
Maria Łanczont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Loess Soil ◽  
Soil Series ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Fossil Soil ◽  
Soil Complex ◽  
River Valleys ◽  
The Village ◽  
Mis 5

The Fore-Carpathians part of Svicha River valley partially covers Morshyn and Zalissia Uplands and Stryi-Zhydachiv depression. Within the Svicha and Sukil' river valleys, there are well-developed different-age terraces with thick stratified loess covers. The investigation of the last ones can help to define nomenclature and age of the terraces. The loess covers of the third (Kolodiiv) and the fourth (Mariampil) terraces, which are represented by Pidberezhzhia and Mizhrichchia sections accordingly, are characterised in detail in the article. Pidberezhzhia section represents a sequence of alluvial and covering deposits of the third (Kolodiiv) over-floodplain terrace of Svicha River, which is developed on its right bank. The terrace is stretched out in the form of a narrow (about 2 km) strip from the village Zarichchia to the village Novoselytsia. It is separated from the Svicha riverbed by the system of different-altitude floodplain levels and the first and second over-floodplain terraces. The boundaries between them are morphologically distinct, the exceeding of the surface of the Kolodiiv terrace above the water level in the riverbed of Svicha reaches 10 m or even more. Covering loess-soil series on the terrace has a capacity of more than 6 m and begins with the Horokhiv fossil soil complex. Mizhrichchia section represents the fourth (Mariampil) over-floodplain terrace, which to the north of Mizhrichchia village forms a scarp to the riverbed of the Svicha River, about 20 m in height. The terrace on this part of the valley of the river covers small areas and it is developed between the villages of Zarichchia and Mali Didushychi. Almost along its length, the terrace directly scarps to the riverbed. On the opposite side, where the rear seam is, it borders on the fifth (Galician) over-floodplain terrace, which forms a scarp about 10 m in height. Loess cover on the fourth terrace is up to 14 m thick. There are welldeveloped Dubno fossil soil (MIS 3) and Horokhiv fossil soil complex (MIS 5) and a thick sequence of hydromorphic deposits, which obviously correspond to the Korshiv fossil soil complex (MIS 7) in loesspaleosol series. The studied Pleistocene covers allow us to reliably identify Mariampil and Kolodiiv terraces of the Svicha River, as well as outline the nomenclature of the remaining terraces of the adjacent sections of the Zalissia and Morshyn Uplands and Stryi-Zhydachiv depression. Key words: river terrace, loess-soil covers, Dubno fossil soil, Horokhiv and Korshiv fossil soil complexes, Fore-Carpathians, Zalissia and Morshyn Uplands.

scholarly journals Art. XXVII.—Notes on Malayalam Literature

1900 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 763-768
Author(s):  
T. K. Krishṇa Menon
Keyword(s):  
Indian Ocean ◽  
Arabian Sea ◽  
The South ◽  
The West ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
South West ◽  
The Indian Ocean

Malayalam is the language of the south-west of the Madras Presidency. It is the third most important language of the Presidency, the first and the second being Tamil and Telugu respectively. It is spoken in Malabar, Cochin, and Travancore. Out of a total of 5,932,207 inhabitants of these parts, 5,409,350 persons are those who speak Malayalam. These countries, taken as a whole, are bounded on the north, by South Canara, on the east by the far-famed Malaya range of mountains, on the south by the Indian Ocean, and on the west by the Arabian Sea.

scholarly journals Revised Pre-Devensian glacial stratigraphy in Norfolk, England, based on mapping and till provenance

2005 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.J.O. Hamblin ◽  
B.S.P. Moorlock ◽  
J. Rose ◽  
J.R. Lee ◽  
J.B. Riding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Ice Sheets ◽  
Traditional Model ◽  
The West ◽  
Provenance Studies ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Lane Formation

AbstractMapping combined with till provenance studies have resulted in a re-appraisal of the pre-Devensian glacial stratigraphy of Norfolk, England. The traditional model invoked two formations, a North Sea Drift Formation (NSDF) overlain by a Lowestoft Formation, formed by co-existing ice-sheets originating in Scandinavia and Northern Britain respectively. The NSDF included three diamictons, the First, Second and Third Cromer tills. The Briton’s Lane Sands and Gravels were considered to overlie the Lowestoft Formation. However, our work has shown this stratigraphy to be untenable, and we propose a model of several glaciations instead of co-existing ice-sheets. In our revised stratigraphy, the oldest formation, the Happisburgh Formation (including the Happisburgh or First Cromer Till) includes massive, sandy tills derived from northern Britain. The overlying Lowestoft Formation, including the Second Cromer (Walcott) Till is confirmed as derived from the west, introducing much Jurassic material as well as Chalk. The Sheringham Cliffs Formation includes both brown sandy tills (the Third Cromer Till) and ‘marly drift’, in a variety of tectonic relationships, and derived from the north and NNW. Finally the Briton’s Lane Formation is the only formation to include Scandinavian erratics. Dating of the four formations is at varying levels of confidence, with the Lowestoft Formation most confidently confirmed as MIS 12. The Happisburgh Formation is believed to represent an earlier glaciation, and MIS 16 is proposed. The Sheringham Cliffs Formation is tentatively believed to date from MIS 10, and the Briton’s Lane Formation is assigned to MIS 6.

Mass occurrence of Salpa fusiformis and records of the rare salps Cyclosalpa bakerii and Thetys vagina from northern Scotland

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel J. Shucksmith
Keyword(s):  
New Records ◽  
Fish Larvae ◽  
Gelatinous Zooplankton ◽  
The West ◽  
Orkney Islands ◽  
The Third ◽  
The North ◽  
Mass Occurrence ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Sexual Form

Gelatinous zooplankton including salps are an important but often overlooked component of marine ecosystems. This study documents a bloom ofSalpa fusiformisat five locations to the north of mainland Scotland. The bloom was observed at Sula Stack, Sula Sgeir, North Rona and at two other locations to the west coast of the Orkney Islands. Salp blooms have the potential to deplete phytoplankton biomass, impacting on other zooplankton, including copepods and fish larvae. New records of two rare salpsCyclosalpa bakeriiandThetys vaginaare also documented from North Rona and Skirza Head, Caithness. These specimens were observed in the aggregate (sexual) form. These observations represent the second record in the UK ofC. bakeriiand the third and fourth records ofT. vagina.

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