Production of cast iron during the melting of mineral raw materials in coke cupolas

In the production of mineral raw materials in cupolas, as a by-product and harmful product, a significant amount of cast iron (up to 3 % of the raw material) is formed and, as a rule, thrown into the dumps. The article presents technical solutions that ensure the separation of mineral melt and cast iron. In addition, the article describes the results of optimizing the design of ladders used for draining liquid metal from the mineral wool cupola and transporting it. The resulting cast iron ingots can then be used as a charge in the smelting of branded cast alloys.

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Adjustment of a technology of cast iron smelting in the blast furnace of jsc "ural steel" w ith a volume of 1232 см3 with charge h a v in g 95% share of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets

Ferrous Metallurgy Bulletin of Scientific Technical and Economic Information ◽

10.32339/0135-5910-2021-7-768-775 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 77 (7) ◽

pp. 768-775

Author(s):

I. F. Iskakov ◽

G. A. Kunitsyn ◽

D. V. Lazarev ◽

А. А. Red`kin ◽

S. A. Trubitsyn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Blast Furnace ◽

Iron Ore ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Hot Metal ◽

Charging System ◽

Iron Smelting ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

A Charge

To use effectively internal raw material base, JSC “Ural Steel” accomplished I category major overhaul of the blast furnace No. 2. The main purpose of the overhaul was to design a rational profile which could ensure an ability to operate with a charge containing 95 % of Mikhailovskii GOK (mining and concentrating plant) pellets having basicity of 0.5 by CaO/SiO2. The blast furnace No. 2 having useful volume of 1232 m3, was constructed by design of Danieli Corus, the Netherlands, and was blown in on December 30, 2020. In the process of guarantee tests, step-by-step increase of Mikhailovskii GOK pellets (Fetotal = 60.5 %, CaO/SiO2 = 0.5) content in the charge iron ore part was being accomplished from 55 to 95.1%. Charging of the blend containing pellets in the amount of 55% of iron ore part, was done by charging system 4OOCC + 1COOCC (Ore - Coke) with filling level 1.5 m. Under conditions of pellets part increase in the blend, the charging system was changed to decrease their content at the periphery, to increase it in the ore ridge zone and make it intermediate between periphery and the ore ridge. At the pellets share in the iron ore raw materials 0.75 the charging system was used as the following: 3OOCC + 1COOC + 1COOCC, while at the content 95.1% the following charging system was used: 2COOC + 2COOC + 1COOCC. It was noted that in the period of guarantee tests the furnace running was smooth. The average silicon content in the hot metal was 0.70% at the standard deviation 0.666. Sulfur content in the hot metal did not exceed 0.024%, the blowing and natural gas consumption figures were 2100 m3/min and 11000 m3/min correspondently, oxygen content in the blowing 26.5%, hot blowing and top smoke pressure figures were 226.5 and 109.8 KPa correspondently. The productivity of the furnace was reached as high as 2358 t/day at the specific coke rate 433 kg/t of hot metal. After guarantee tests completion, the pellets content in the iron ore part was decreased gradually from 95 down to 50%. The decreasing was made by 5% in every 6 hours of operation. Application of the mastered technology of the blast furnace No. 2 with the increased share of pellets will enable to stably supply the blast furnaces No. 1, 3 and 4 by iron ore raw materials in the proportion of 30-35% of pellets and 65-70% of sinter.

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Assessing Behavior Similarity of Mineral Raw Material Prices through a Feature-Based Clustering Approach

Materials Proceedings ◽

10.3390/materproc2021005037 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 37

Author(s):

Konstantinos Oikonomou ◽

Dimitris Damigos

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Aggregate Demand ◽

Raw Material ◽

International Business Cycles ◽

Macroeconomic Factors ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Mineral Raw Material ◽

Learning Techniques ◽

Feature Based ◽

Clustering Approach

Mineral raw materials prices have been shown to be affected by macroeconomic factors such as aggregate demand and commodity-specific factors (e.g., supply shocks). In addition, it has been shown that certain mineral raw material prices co-move, meaning that they behave similarly during expansion and contraction phases of the international business cycles. In order to assess the behavior similarity of the prices of different mineral raw materials, we propose a method that utilizes extracted features of time series price data and unsupervised learning techniques to create clusters of price movements having similar long-term behavior.

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Sensor‐Based Ore Sorting Technology in Mining—Past, Present and Future

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9090523 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (9) ◽

pp. 523 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Robben ◽

Wotruba

Keyword(s):

State Of The Art ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Separation Process ◽

Raw Material ◽

Coarse Grained ◽

Flow Diagram ◽

Process Flow Diagram ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Grain Sizes ◽

Waste Dumps

While the deposit qualities for mineral raw materials are constantly decreasing, the challenges for sustainable raw material processing are increasing. This applies not only to the demand for minimizing the consumption of energy, water, and reagents, but also to the reduction of residual materials, especially fine and difficult-to-landfill materials. Sensor‐based ore sorting can be used as a separation process for coarser grain sizes before the application of fine comminution and separation technologies and is applicable for a large variety of mineral raw materials. Sensor‐based ore sorting applies at various points in the process flow diagram and is suitable for waste elimination, for material diversion into different process lines, for the production of pre‐ and final concentrates, as well as for the reprocessing of coarse‐grained waste dumps and other applications. The article gives an overview of the development and state of the art of sensor‐based ore sorting for mineral raw materials and introduces various applications.

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Assessment of the mineral raw material potential in Denmark – methods and major findings

Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland Bulletin ◽

10.34194/geusb.v33.4484 ◽

1969 ◽

pp. 37-40

Author(s):

Jakob Kløve Keiding ◽

Per Kalvig ◽

Claus Ditlefsen ◽

Steen Lomholt ◽

Peter Roll Jakobsen

Keyword(s):

Economic Growth ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Spatial Competition ◽

Mineral Resources ◽

Raw Material ◽

Resource Evaluation ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Mineral Raw Material ◽

Per Capita

Aggregates and other mineral raw materials are important prerequisites for the continual development of the infrastructure and economic growth of a country. Th e production of these raw materials in Denmark amounted to c. 4.5 m3 per capita in 2012, which was 57% higher than the average in EU and EFTA countries (UEPG 2014). In this perspective, it is essential to locate and assess the Danish mineral resources in order to plan future exploitation, especially in densely populated regions where both spatial competition for landuse and demands for raw materials are high. Here we present the methods used in a recent resource evaluation that for the fi rst time includes Danish resources both on land and at sea and summarises some of the main fi ndings of this analysis.

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To the question of raw material sources of mining and smelting centers of the Paleometal Epoch in Central Kazakhstan

Genesis исторические исследования ◽

10.25136/2409-868x.2021.8.36343 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 19-27

Author(s):

Darkhan Aitzhanuly Baitileu ◽

Maksim Nikolaevich Ankushev

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Smelting Process ◽

Maximum Effect ◽

Copper Ore ◽

Copper Deposits ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Material Sources ◽

Mining And Smelting

The subject of this research is the copper deposits, copper-ore resource, and sources of alloying raw materials for mining and smelting production of the Paleometal Epoch in Central Kazakhstan, namely within the Kazakhstan mining and smelting region and Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center. The article provides the interim results of comprehensive research of geoarchaeological production facilities in the territory of copper deposits within the Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center, which allow determining the peculiarities of metallogenic complexes that used to be potential objects of the development of copper-ore reserves during the establishment of copper metallurgy, as well as making a predictive assessment of mineral raw materials potential of the region. The initial premise of this research lies in the authors' pursuit to integrate natural scientific methods of research into the field of humanities to the maximum effect via studying smelting slags and ore relics from the ancient settlements of the region for the purpose of reconstructing the mining and smelting process of the Bronze Age in Central Kazakhstan. The authors offer the variants of localization of the mineral raw materials complex of Zhezkazgan-Ulytau mining and smelting center within the Kazakhstan mining and smelting region. Based on examination of the ores and smelting slags of Bronze Age settlements in Central Kazakhstan, the authors believe that the main copper raw materials in the Zhezkazgan-Ulytau region were the oxidized malachite-azurite and rich sulfide ores, as well as the zones of secondary sulfide enrichment of copper sandstones of the Zhezkazgan ore region. The conducted research allow to get closer to establishing patterns of localization of various types of copper deposits and development of copper-ore resources for mining and smelting production of Zhezkazgan-Ulytau region during the Paleometal Epoch.

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An Experimental Study for the Remediation of Industrial Waste Water Using a Combination of Low Cost Mineral Raw Materials

Minerals ◽

10.3390/min9040207 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 207 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Petros Petrounias ◽

Aikaterini Rogkala ◽

Panagiota Giannakopoulou ◽

Basilios Tsikouras ◽

Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Raw Material ◽

Experimental Device ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Research Gap ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates an alternative use of sterile aggregate materials which may arise from various construction applications in conjunction with other low-cost mineral raw materials to remediate the acid mine drainage phenomenon. This study is based on the combination of unprocessed mineral raw materials, as well as on the basic concept of the cyclic economy where the conversion of a waste into a raw material for another application can be achieved. In this study, in order to examine the remediation, in lab scale, of the drainage waste water of Agios Philippos mine, an experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device was constructed, enriching the research gap relative to this type of remediation approach. Through this experimental device, the use of certain mixes of mineral raw materials (serpentinite, andesite, magnesite, peat, and biochar) was studied. Our results focus on the impact of the studied mineral raw materials and especially on their synergy on the water purification potential under continuous water flow operation. Using the new 7-day experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device with certain mixes of mineral raw materials, the increase of pH values from 3.00 to 6.82 was achieved. Moreover, with use of the experimental device, the removal of toxic load was achieved, and more specifically the concentration of Fe was decreased from 6149 to 1300 ppb, Cu from 8847 to 35 ppb, and Zn from 285,458 to 50,000 ppb.

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Technology of Gold-Containing Technogenic Raw Materials Processing Using the Electric Explosion Method

Materials Science Forum ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.942.30 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 942 ◽

pp. 30-39 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Olga Galtseva ◽

Sergey Bordunov ◽

Alexandr Zhiganov ◽

Inna Plotnikova ◽

Jian Min Li

Keyword(s):

Mine Tailings ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Electric Explosion ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Fundamental Possibility ◽

Explosion Method ◽

Technogenic Raw Materials ◽

The Cost ◽

Gold Bearing

The paper shows fundamental possibility of processing of gold-bearing technogenic raw materials using the method of electric explosion. A series of experiments using a laboratory and pilot-production high-voltage pulsed discharge (HVPD) installation for the processes of enrichment of gold-bearing mineral raw materials of Komsomolsk mine tailings in Kemerovo region is conducted with a relatively low energy electrical discharge in the pulse of up to 112.5 Joules and the cost of electric power of about 1.5 kW/ton of raw material, that allows complete destruction of clay components agglomerations to less than 0.045 mm (micron and submicron sizes). Solid minerals such as quartz are simultaneously destroyed by defects in the grains and withdrawn from the installation with water, thus increasing gold degree of the concentrate. The results of particle-size and X-ray structural analyses of gold-bearing mineral raw materials of Komsomolsk mine tailings in Kemerovo region obtained by the method of electric explosion are discussed.

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THE USE OF WASTE MINERAL WOOL IN THE PRODUCTION OF CERAMIC WALL MATERIALS

Construction and Geotechnics ◽

10.15593/2224-9826/2019.3.06 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 53-60

Author(s):

V. Z Abdrakhimov

Keyword(s):

Building Materials ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽

Ceramic Materials ◽

Mineral Wool ◽

Raw Material ◽

Material Base ◽

Fusible Clay ◽

Environmental Situation ◽

Wall Materials

The environmental situation in Russia is characterized by a high level of anthropogenic impact on the environment, significant environmental consequences of past economic activity. Their disposal and storage costs 8-10 % of the cost of products, so the disposal of such waste is of paramount importance.Due to the involvement of multi-tonnage waste in the production of ceramic materials of mass consumption, which include wall materials, it is possible to radically change the parameters of the raw material base of Russia, which also helps to reduce environmental tensions in the regions. The reduction of reserves of traditional natural raw materials makes us look for new ways to replace it with different types of waste. The experience of advanced foreign countries has shown the technical feasibility of this area and the use of more as a tool to protect the environment from pollution. However, almost all basic building materials can be made from waste or from waste in combination with natural raw materials. On the basis of fusible clay and waste basalt-gabbro-norite charge, which is formed in the production of mineral wool obtained ceramic brick with high physical and mechanical properties, brick grade M150 and above. The absolute advantage of the use of multi-tonnage waste is the unloading of the environmental situation, which contributes to the solution of industrial waste disposal and environmental protection. Innovative proposals for the use of waste from the production of mineral wool in the production of wall materials - ceramic bricks based on fusible clay, the novelty of which is confirmed by patents of the Russian Federation.

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An Experimental Study for the Remediation of Industrial Waste Water Using Combination of Low Cost Mineral Raw Materials

10.20944/preprints201903.0106.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Petros Petrounias ◽

Aikaterini Rogkala ◽

Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou ◽

Basilios Tsikouras ◽

Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Waste Water ◽

Continuous Flow ◽

Mine Drainage ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Low Cost ◽

Raw Material ◽

Industrial Waste Water ◽

Mineral Raw Materials ◽

Ph Values ◽

The Impact

This paper investigates an alternative use of sterile aggregate materials which may arise from various construction applications in conjunction with other low-cost mineral raw materials to remediate the acid mine drainage phenomenon. This study is based on the combination of unprocessed mineral raw materials as well as on the basic concept of the cyclic economy where the conversion of a waste into a raw material for another application can be achieved. In this way, the value of mineral raw materials can be prolonged for as long as possible, waste generation and exploitation of natural resources are minimized and resources are kept as far as possible within the existing economy. In this study, an electrically continuous flow driven forced device proposed and demonstrated for the remediation of waste water in lab-scale by using certain mixes of mineral raw materials (serpentinite, andesite, magnesite, peat and biochar). Our results focus on the impact of the studied mineral raw materials and especially on their synergy on the water purification potential under continuous water flow operation. Using the proposed 7-day experimental electrically continuous flow driven forced device with the certain mixes of mineral raw materials, the increase of pH values from 3.00 to 6.82 as well as significant removal of Fe, Cu and Zn was achieved.

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Improvement of a Preparation Process of Chromite Raw Material Used for Ferroalloys and Pigments Manufacture

Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal ◽

10.18321/ectj251 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 251

Author(s):

K.T. Zhantasov ◽

Zh.U. Myrhalykov ◽

B.B. Turakulov ◽

M.K. Zhantasov ◽

E.N. Kocherov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raw Materials ◽

Raw Material ◽

Charge Composition ◽

Material Base ◽

Research Results ◽

Heat Treated ◽

Gas Consumption ◽

Economic Indices ◽

A Charge ◽

Batch Formulation

The given article contains the research results of carbon-containing chromite pellets’ production from off-grade raw material with application of internal coal-mining overburden rocks as flux. Besides, for the purpose of improvement of ecological situation in industrial regions and expansion of a raw-material base for ferrochrome and pigments manufacture we suppose to use in a charge composition the dust of aspiration units and electrostatic precipitators, which is formed at the preparation of raw materials and production of chromite pellets. The production technology of chromite pellets with use of a slime formed at the concentration of chrome ores as a binding substance was developed. Testing the suggested technology has been carried out in laboratory and trial conditions. The data of a chemical composition of initial components of a charge and calcined carbon-containing chromite pellets have shown economic and ecological efficiency of the developed technological process. Research results lead to the conclusion that the proposed granulation feedstock mixture pellets with a moisture content of 11–12% are obtained crude granules have a compressive strength of 2.3–3.2 kg/splashed. Increasing the content of Cr2O3 in the pellets to 7.6% occurs due to the increase in the extraction of chromium oxide and due to the charge of chromium oxides contained in the sludge, as well as removal of the batch formulation was heat treated carbonates, and volatile organic substances. It was established that during this mode, the temperature in the lower layers is about 1200 °C, and a reduction in natural gas consumption achieves 50% and the residual carbon content in the pellets is about 1.5%, which leads to improvement of technical and economic indices of production chromite pellets and ferrochrome.

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