Water-mortar Interaction in a Tunnel Located in Southern Calabria (southern Italy)

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 305-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Vespasiano ◽  
Pasqualino Notaro ◽  
Giuseppe Cianflone
Keyword(s):  
Southern Italy ◽  
Great Increase ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Aqueous Environments ◽  
Concrete Degradation ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
The Many ◽  
Water Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Facies

Abstract In this work, we analyzed the results of a geochemical analysis aimed to define the origin of pH anomalies (pH > 11) in water samples collected inside a tunnel located in southern Calabria (southern Italy). We also analyzed the precipitates found close to the main drainage pipes. The hydrogeochemical study allowed us to identify a main NaOH water facies for the many samples collected close to the tunnel. In addition, the correlation diagrams highlighted high concentrations of Na, K, and Al, unrelated to simple water-rock interaction. Further evaluation excluded the possibility that interaction between the water and the outcropping lithologies was the only cause of the ongoing processes. This consideration is supported by the high Na and K concentrations, which cannot be accounted for by interaction between water and calcareous marl. Excluding a natural origin and some anthropogenic factors, one possible explanation is an interaction between the groundwater and the mortars used for consolidation during the excavation phase of the tunnel. Mortar and concrete degradation in aqueous environments produces a great increase in pH, initially deriving from interstitial fluids containing strong alkali (NaOH and KOH) and non-negligible K and Na concentrations, such as we observed in the collected samples.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL AND GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF SHALLOW GROUNDWATER IN SOUTHERN BUG AND SYNIUKHA INTERFLUVE AREA

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1(38)) ◽  
pp. 149-168
Author(s):  
D. V. Melkonyan ◽  
E. A. Cherkez ◽  
V. G. Tyuremina
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Anthropogenic Impact ◽  
Local Population ◽  
Shallow Groundwater ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Agricultural Activity ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Priority Task ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Problem Statement and purpose. The study area encompassing the territory of about 150 km2, in August 2000, was declared as a zone of environmental emergency due to increasing pollution rates in shallow groundwater, in surface water and to health deterioration of the inhabitants of some settlements. Groundwater is widely used by the local population in numerous boreholes for domestic and agricultural purposes. In the zone of environmental emergency there are about 35 anthropogenic objects, such as: industrial and domestic landfills, pesticide and fertilizer storage, various livestock farm complexes, settling tanks, wastewater and solid waste discharges, etc. The insecurity of shallow groundwater, also its location close to the surface and in the lowest parts of the terrain leads to intensive pollution of groundwater. Besides, groundwater in relation to the fractured waters of the Precambrian crystalline rocks, which lie below and are used for drinking water supply, perform the functions of both a protective screen and a source of pollution. In this case, a multifaceted study of shallow groundwater chemical composition and their formation conditions is a priority task of this study for the environmental emergency zone and for the district as a whole. The purpose of this paper to study the chemical composition and to establish the processes and factors controlling the shallow groundwater chemistry in modern and Pleistocene sediments of the Southern Bug and Syniukha interfluve. Data and Methods. A total of 102 water samples were collected from groundwater wells and boreholes and were hydrochemically analyzed for their macrocomponent composition. Groundwater quality geochemical assessment was carried out using statistical methods in combination with conventional graphical methods by examining groundwater in the Boleslavchik village, where they are most polluted. Results. The dominant hydrochemical types of shallow groundwater are SO4- Na, HCO3-Na and mixed SO4-Mg-Na, SO4-Ca-Na types, sometimes NO3-HCO3 and NO3-Cl-Na types. These groundwater types are formed under the influence of natural and anthropogenic factors, such as water-rock interaction, evaporation-crystallization, precipitation and anthropogenic impact. In this case, water-rock interaction processes, such as silicate weathering, carbonate and sulfate dissolution, ion exchange, evaporation-crystallization and anthropogenic impact play major roles. The weathering of feldspars, chlorites and dissolution of calcites, dolomites are the primary sources for Na+, K+, Mg2+, Ca2+ ions, and dissolution of gypsum, sulfide mineralization for SO4 2– ions. High concentrations of Na+, Cl–, SO4 2–, NO3 – in shallow groundwater reflect agricultural activity as the main source of these ions.

scholarly journals Geochemistry of strontium in fresh underground waters of the Sredneobskoy basin (Tomsk region, Russia)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 01024
Author(s):  
Irina Ivanova
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Upper Cretaceous ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Strontium Content ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Underground Waters ◽  
Tomsk Region ◽  
Resident Time ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

In the central part of Western Siberia a study of the chemical composition of fresh underground waters in the upper 600 m of the Sredneobskoy artesian basin was carried out. It was shown that underground waters generally contain high concentrations of strontium. The minimum concentrations of Sr are typical for Neogene-Quaternary sediments (600 µg/L), maximum values in the waters of the Upper Cretaceous sediments (more than 1300 µg/L). The study of strontium accumulation mechanisms in drinking underground waters is undoubtedly an important issue, as strontium is a biologically active element. Especially dangerous is the consumption of underground waters with a calcium-strontium ratio less than 100, that is the hydrogeochemical precondition for Urov endemic (Kashin-Beck disease). According to the calcium/strontium ratios data waters of the Neogene-Quaternary and Paleogene sediments selected in the south-western part of the Tomsk region are unsuitable for drinking water supply. Underground waters are shown to be in equilibrium with Al and Fe hydroxides; Ca, Mg, Fe carbonates; and clay minerals, including ferruginous. Increased strontium content in aquifers is determined not only by the chemical composition of the water-bearing rocks, but also increasing resident time of water rock interaction.

scholarly journals Hydrogeochemistry of Groundwater from Kazaure Area, NW Nigeria using Multivariate Statistics

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 ◽  
pp. 07001
Author(s):  
Musa Ado ◽  
Oluwafemi Adeyeye ◽  
Changlai Xiao ◽  
Xuijuan Liang
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Cluster ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Dissolved Solids ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Anthropogenic Factors ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Resources Management ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

This study was aimed at understanding the factors affecting groundwater for the benefit of water resources management. Groundwater collected from 18 sites over an area of 770 Km2 was analysed. Temperature (Temp.), pH, Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and Electrical Conductivity (EC) were measured in the field and 15 chemical parameters analysed in the laboratory. Factor Analysis (FA) of physiochemical results indicated mineralization, weathering of silicates and K-feldspar, and anthropogenic sources were mainly responsible for groundwater chemistry. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) revealed sample clusters were mainly controlled by structure rather than by lithology, water source or altitude because 86% of cluster I samples occurred along a NNE-SSW trending fault zone. It was thus concluded that water-rock interaction, tectonics and anthropogenic factors are responsible for water physiochemistry.

87SR/86SR, δ18O AND NOBLE GASES AS TRACERS OF WATER-ROCK INTERACTION IN THE THEISTAREYKIR GEOTHERMAL FIELD

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie Haut-Labourdette ◽  
◽  
Daniele Pinti ◽  
André Poirier ◽  
Marion Saby ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Noble Gases ◽  
Geothermal Field ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals Geochemical and isotopic evidence of groundwater salinization processes in the Essaouira region, north-west coast, Morocco

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Otman EL Mountassir ◽  
Mohammed Bahir ◽  
Driss Ouazar ◽  
Abdelghani Chehbouni ◽  
Paula M. Carreira
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Recharge ◽  
West Coast ◽  
Exchange Process ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Annual Rainfall ◽  
Groundwater Salinization ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

AbstractThe city of Essaouira is located along the north-west coast of Morocco, where groundwater is the main source of drinking, domestic and agricultural water. In recent decades, the salinity of groundwater has increased, which is why geochemical techniques and environmental isotopes have been used to determine the main sources of groundwater recharge and salinization. The hydrochemical study shows that for the years 1995, 2007, 2016 and 2019, the chemical composition of groundwater in the study area consists of HCO3–Ca–Mg, Cl–Ca–Mg, SO4–Ca and Cl–Na chemical facies. The results show that from 1995 to 2019, electrical conductivity increased and that could be explained by a decrease in annual rainfall in relation to climate change and water–rock interaction processes. Geochemical and environmental isotope data show that the main geochemical mechanisms controlling the hydrochemical evolution of groundwater in the Cenomanian–Turonian aquifer are the water–rock interaction and the cation exchange process. The diagram of δ2H = 8 * δ18O + 10 shows that the isotopic contents are close or above to the Global Meteoric Water Line, which suggests that the aquifer is recharged by precipitation of Atlantic origin. In conclusion, groundwater withdrawal should be well controlled to prevent groundwater salinization and further intrusion of seawater due to the lack of annual groundwater recharge in the Essaouira region.

scholarly journals Water–rock interaction and the concentrations of major, trace, and rare earth elements in hydrocarbon-associated produced waters of the United States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carleton R. Bern ◽  
Justin E. Birdwell ◽  
Aaron M. Jubb
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Produced Waters ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

Comparisons of hydrocarbon-produced waters from multiple basins and experiments using multiple shales illustrate water–rock interaction influence on produced water chemistry.

Modeling water-rock interaction in the surficial environment: The role of precursors, nucleation, and Ostwald ripening

1990 ◽  
Vol 84 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 322-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.I. Steefel ◽  
P. Van Capellen ◽  
K.L Nagy ◽  
A.C. Lasaga
Keyword(s):  
Ostwald Ripening ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

scholarly journals CO2 mineralization by olivine at hydrothermal conditions

2014 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1473-1477
Author(s):  
Jan Přikryl ◽  
Andri Stefánsson
Keyword(s):  
Ph Value ◽  
Hydrothermal Conditions ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Rock Interaction ◽  
Carbonate Formation ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Co2 Mineralization ◽  
Geochemical Reaction ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Water Rock Interaction

The interaction of CO2-rich water with olivine was studied using geochemical reaction modelling in order to gain insight into the effects of temperature, acid supply (CO2) and extent of reaction on the secondary mineralogy, water chemistry and mass transfer. Olivine (Fo93) was dissolved at 150 and 250ºC and pCO2 of 2 and 20 bar in a closed system and an open system with secondary minerals allowed to precipitate. The progressive water–rock interaction resulted in increased solution pH, with gradual carbonate formation starting at pH 5 and various Mg-OH and Mg-Si minerals becoming dominant at pH>8. The major factor determining olivine alteration is the pH of the water. In turn, the pH value is determined by acid supply, reaction progress and temperature.

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