Observations sur la sedimentation argileuse du debut des temps tertiaires en Aquitaine

1963 ◽  
Vol S7-V (3) ◽  
pp. 303-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andre Klingebiel
Keyword(s):  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
The Core ◽  
Analogous Composition ◽  
Aquitaine Basin ◽  
Lacustrine Facies

Abstract Examination of a section which cuts into the Dreuilhe anticline in the southern Aquitaine basin (Plantaurel) reveals a similarity between the deposits there and those in the northern part of the basin. In the core of the anticline the Maestrichtian lower red marls contain clays and red sandstone with montmorillonite and kaolinite, suggesting deposition in a vast depression lacking sufficient drainage, and in a medium rich in Ca (super ++) and Mg (super ++) . The upper red marls in the hard band of Montian lacustrine limestone with Microcodium have an analogous composition and correspond to calm tectonic and climatic conditions. Lacustrine marls with attapulgite directly underlie the transgressive Thanetian marine deposits. The passage from the Thanetian to the Sparnacian is marked by lacustrine facies, predominantly montmorillonite, and an increasing abundance of illites. The dominance of montmorillonite in a tectonically unstable area suggests that the adjacent continental mass was of low relief and was characterized by a tropical climate with alternating dry and humid seasons. The increase in kaolinite accompanying the arrival of the coarse detritus of the Ypresian is interpreted as the result of rhexistasy. The Lutetian is characterized by sandstones and limestones with associated montmorillonite, illite, and kaolinite. This phase represents the return of the sea, and the detrital nature of the deposits is a result of the uplift of the Pyrenean massifs. These phenomena are analogous to those that have been reported previously from the Paleocene series of Bordelais (northern part of the basin) suggesting a similar paleogeographic evolution for the two areas.

scholarly journals A modelling study of the event-based retention performance of green roof under the hot-humid tropical climate in Kuching

2017 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 2988-2999 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. T. Chai ◽  
F. J. Putuhena ◽  
O. S. Selaman
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Retention Rate ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Green Roof ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Retention Performance ◽  
Strong Negative Correlation ◽  
Rainfall Depth ◽  
Event Based

Abstract The influences of climate on the retention capability of green roof have been widely discussed in existing literature. However, knowledge on how the retention capability of green roof is affected by the tropical climate is limited. This paper highlights the retention performance of the green roof situated in Kuching under hot-humid tropical climatic conditions. Using the green roof water balance modelling approach, this study simulated the hourly runoff generated from a virtual green roof from November 2012 to October 2013 based on past meteorological data. The result showed that the overall retention performance was satisfactory with a mean retention rate of 72.5% from 380 analysed rainfall events but reduced to 12.0% only for the events that potentially trigger the occurrence of flash flood. By performing the Spearman rank's correlation analysis, it was found that the rainfall depth and mean rainfall intensity, individually, had a strong negative correlation with event retention rate, suggesting that the retention rate increases with decreased rainfall depth. The expected direct relationship between retention rate and antecedent dry weather period was found to be event size dependent.

V.—The Early Colonization of North-eastern Scotland. (Address.)

1931 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 51-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. G. Childe
Keyword(s):  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Physical Geography ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Homogeneous Region ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Flat Slabs ◽  
Bedding Planes ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Geographical Position

The Old Red Sandstone plane of Caithness, with the geologically associated Orkneys, forms a homogeneous region comparatively isolated from the rest of Scotland by its geographical position and structure and by climatic conditions. Neither the physical geography nor the geology of the region need description here, except to note the absence of metals or similar mineral resources and the influence a stone that breaks easily and naturally along its bedding planes into flat slabs must exercise upon the local architecture. A word must, however, be said about the climate, which has not remained constant in prehistoric times.

The Old Red Sandstone of Eastern Ekmanfjorden, Vestspitsbergen

1960 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. L. Dineley
Keyword(s):  
Delta Front ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Core ◽  
Sedimentary Structures

AbstractThe Lower Old Red Sandstone deposits of Ekmanfjorden belong mainly to the Lykta Division, but pale sandstones with Giganthaspis representingthe Kapp Kjeldsen Division also occur in the core of what is probably a N.-S. striking anticline. The lower beds of the Lykta Division are soft, dull and silty and not very fossiliferous; above them are some 1,100 feet of sandstones and conglomeratic beds alternatingwith shales or marls. Locally abundant vertebrate remains include the guide fossil Doryaspis. Various sedimentary structures suggest rapid deposition on a broad shallow delta front.

Devonian

1992 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 57-66 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. Bluck ◽  
J. C. W. Cope ◽  
C. T. Scrutton
Keyword(s):  
Lower Devonian ◽  
Quaternary System ◽  
Upper Devonian ◽  
Type Locality ◽  
System Boundary ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Stratotype Section ◽  
Lacustrine Facies ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
Upper Boundary

AbstractThe Devonian System was the first pre-Quaternary system to have its base established at an internationally ratified Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP). The base of the System was defined at the base of the Monograptus uniformis Biozone at Klonk in Czechoslovakia (McLaren 1977). The upper boundary of the System is fixed by the base of the Carboniferous, which has been recently ratified in a GSSP at La Serre, Herault, France, at a point coincident with the first appearance of the conodont Siphonodella sulcata.Series. GSSPs have now been designated to define the bases of the Middle and Upper Devonian Series (that of the Lower Devonian being automatically defined by the System boundary).Stages. Consequent upon the selection of a Czech type section for the basal boundary stratotype of the System, the Germanic stages for the lowest parts of the Devonian were no longer appropriate and Lochkovian and Pragian stages have now been formally defined with stratotypes ratified by the I.U.G.S.Devon, the nomenclatorial type locality for the Devonian System (Sedgwick & Murchison 1839) is a region of great tectonic complexity and has not provided suitable sections on which to base international correlations. However, the rocks are frequently richly fossilferous and firm correlations can now be established with the intensively studied developments of the Devonian in Belgium and Germany.Northwards from Devon are found large tracts of the predominantly fluviatile and lacustrine facies which characterizes the Old Red Sandstone. Correlation between the marine Devonian rocks of southwest England and the

Carboniferous floras in siliciclastic rocks of Kashmir Himalaya, India and the evolutionary history of the Tethyan Basin

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-601 ◽  
Author(s):  
KAMAL JEET SINGH ◽  
RAJINDER SINGH ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. CLEAL ◽  
ANJU SAXENA ◽  
SHAILA CHANDRA
Keyword(s):  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ice Age ◽  
Kashmir Himalaya ◽  
Jammu And Kashmir ◽  
Marine Deposits ◽  
Depositional System ◽  
History Of ◽  
Shale Formation ◽  
Fossil Floras ◽  
Siliciclastic Rocks

AbstractThe Fenestella Shale Formation of Jammu and Kashmir Himalaya comprises latest Viséan or Serpukhovian siliciclastic deposits formed along the southern margins of the Palaeotethys Ocean. A sequence of shallowing upward and deepening upward units indicates changes from shoreface to offshore and deeper shelf conditions, probably controlled by eustatic changes in an otherwise passive depositional system. Some of the finer-grained, shallow marine deposits have yielded fossil floras dominated by sub-arborescent lycopsids (Sublepidodendron,Lepidodendropsis) sphenophytes (Archaeocalamites) and pteridophylls (Nothorhacopteris,Triphyllopteris). The assemblage compares with other Gondwanan floras of this age that have been assigned to the Paraca floral realm, and are taken to indicate relatively warm climatic conditions that existed just prior to the onset of the Carboniferous–Permian ice-age.

XXI.—The Tholeiites and Dolerites of the Dalmahoy Syncline

1927 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 489-505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Campbell ◽  
James W. Lunn
Keyword(s):  
Oil Shale ◽  
Cement Stone ◽  
Volcanic Zone ◽  
Lower Carboniferous ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
The Core ◽  
The North ◽  
Hill District ◽  
Lower Division ◽  
North Western

The shallow synclinal fold termed the Dalmahoy syncline is situated between the north-western flank of the Pentland Hills and the Murieston fault, the most southerly of the five important easterly and north-easterly dislocations which traverse the oil-shale field of West Lothian. The core of the syncline is occupied by rocks belonging to the lower division of the Oil-Shale Group of the Lower Carboniferous. Intervening between these and the Cement-stone Group is a volcanic zone, probably on the same horizon as the Arthur's Seat lavas, consisting mainly of mugearites and basalts which show their greatest development in the Corston Hill district. Along the whole of the southern limb of the syncline is an extensive spread of Upper Old Red Sandstone, but this formation is almost entirely cut out in the northern limb by the Murieston fault, appearing only in the core of a small anticline near Selms.

scholarly journals A new ice-core record from Lomonosovfonna, Svalbard: viewing the 1920–97 data in relation to present climate and environmental conditions

2001 ◽  
Vol 47 (157) ◽  
pp. 335-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Isaksson ◽  
Veijo Pohjola ◽  
Tauno Jauhiainen ◽  
John Moore ◽  
Jean Francis Pinglot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Barents Sea ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Accumulation Rate ◽  
Pure Shear ◽  
Ice Core ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Temperature Record ◽  
The Core ◽  
Ice Core Record ◽  
Ice Field

AbstractIn 1997 a 121 m ice core was retrieved from Lomonosovfonna, the highest ice field in Spitsbergen, Svalbard (1250 m a.s.l.). Radar measurements indicate an ice depth of 126.5 m, and borehole temperature measurements show that the ice is below the melting point. High-resolution sampling of major ions, oxygen isotopes and deuterium has been performed on the core, and the results from the uppermost 36 m suggest that quasi-annual signals are preserved. The 1963 radioactive layer is situated at 18.5–18.95 m, giving a mean annual accumulation of 0.36 m w.e. for the period 1963–96. The upper 36 m of the ice core was dated back to 1920 by counting layers provided by the seasonal variations of the ions in addition to using a constant accumulation rate, with thinning by pure shear according to Nye (1963). The stratigraphy does not seem to have been obliterated by meltwater percolation, in contrast to most previous core sites on Svalbard. The anthropogenic influence on the Svalbard environment is illustrated by increased levels of sulphate, nitrate and acidity. Both nitrate and sulphate levels started to increase in the late 1940s, remained high until the late 1980s and have decreased during the last 15 years. The records of δ18O, MSA (methane-sulphonic acid), and melt features along the core agree with the temperature record from Longyearbyen and the sea-ice record from the Barents Sea at a multi-year resolution, suggesting that this ice core reflects local climatic conditions.

The Thermal Comfort of Sedentary Workers

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Foo ◽  
WO Phoon
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Comfort ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Sensation ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
The Body ◽  
Office Workers ◽  
Preferred Temperature

Two hundred and eighty-five Office workers were surveyed and the micro-climatic conditions in which they worked were measured to evaluate their preferred temperature. About 78% of workers considered the natural tropical climate uncomfortable. However, 76% to 87% of workers in airconditioned Offices approved of their thermal environment if its temperature ranged from 21°C to 27°C. Many workers who felt that the temperature produced a neutral thermal sensation in the body as a whole, tended to complain that their heads were too warm and at the same time their limbs too cool. About 60% of workers in airconditioned Offices were exposed to an air temperature of less than 24°C. Present data suggest that an air temperature of 27°C would be comfortable for more than 80% of workers.

scholarly journals Analysis of Leakage Current and Insulator Resistivity for Quality Assurance of Medium Voltage Network Polymer Insulators Alumina - SiO2 in Tropical Climate Simulator Room

Teknik ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 10-19
Author(s):  
Agnes Manik Sari Utami ◽  
Abdul Syakur ◽  
Hermawan Hermawan
Keyword(s):  
Epoxy Resin ◽  
Leakage Current ◽  
Test Chamber ◽  
Tropical Climate ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Medium Voltage ◽  
Temperature And Humidity ◽  
Voltage Insulator ◽  
Polymer Insulators ◽  
The Relationship

The tropical climate of Indonesia, which has moderately high rainfall, has an impact on the output of outdoor insulators. The presence of chemical particles, pollen, and salt in the air will bind to the insulating material's outer surface and settle, resulting in crystallization that allows the insulating material's surface roughness to increase. One of the insulators that are being produced is an insulator made of epoxy resin. The injection of fillers is used to further improve the durability of the outdoor epoxy resin insulators installed in tropical climatic conditions. Epoxy resin from bisphenol A-epichlorohydrin and polyaminoamide combined with silane, alumina, and SiO2 is used as research materials. The parameters examined were leakage current and resistance to insulation. The use of silane as a hardener will also improve the resistivity on the surface of the insulator, which makes it more difficult to flow or reduces the leakage current. Alumina is well-known for being a solid heat and voltage insulator. The addition of SiO2 to the epoxy resin insulating material increases the insulator's mechanical strength in the form of tensile and compressive strength. With fluctuations in temperature and humidity, the artificial tropical environment is replicated in a test chamber. The value of the leakage current increases with an increase in temperature and humidity. The correlation between air temperature and humidity and insulation resistance is inversely proportional, the higher the temperature applied to the insulator, the lower the insulator resistivity. The same refers to the relationship between air humidity and resistance to insulation. The higher the humidity applied to the insulator, the lower the insulator resistivity. At a test voltage of 11 kV, a humidity of 60%, and a temperature variation of 25oC, the leakage current of epoxy resin insulators is up to 9.2 uA lower than in a factory-made SiR insulator. The leakage current and insulator resistivity's number is already in the good and protected range such that the insulator can be used and reproduce.

The Dusky Apatites of the Eskdale (Cumberland) Granite

1933 ◽  
Vol 70 (8) ◽  
pp. 375-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Outer Zone ◽  
Red Sandstone ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
The Core ◽  
Peculiar Character

A Patite was first recorded from the Eskdale granite by R. H. Rastall and W. H. Wilcockson in 1915 (I).1 Recently, the author, in carrying out work on the granite, has noticed the peculiar character of the apatites, in that they are mostly of a dusky type occasioned by the presence of large amounts of finely-divided inclusions. Similar apatites have been recorded from the Leinster granite (2), Gault Clay, Thanet Sands, Chausey Islands (3), Jersey (4), the Old Red Sandstone of the Cardiff District (5), and the Dublin district (6), but nearly all show a sharply defined core. The Eskdale ones, although presenting a dense centre, show no clear-cut division between the core and the outer zone of the apatite. Invariably the outer zone of the apatite carries some inclusions.

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