Facing Historical Challenges: the Work of Soviet Philosophers During the Great Patriotic War

2020 ◽  
pp. 175-181
Author(s):  
Anatoly V. Chernyaev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Work ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
State Identity ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Science And Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

The Great Patriotic War was a decisive challenge not only for the military power and material and technical base of our country, but also for its spiritual, cultural and ideological foundations. Many Russian philosophers became participants in the hos­tilities, but the role of philosophers who continued scientific work was no less im­portant, the plans of which were adjusted and aimed at implementing projects re­lated to the strengthening of patriotism, the development of national identity, the revival of the classical forms of science and culture, consistent with historical heritage of Russia. This scientific work was in the context of the socio-cultural and spiritual processes that intensified in the USSR during the war and responded to the tasks of strengthening defense capability and the formation of a new socio-state identity. The main undertakings implemented in this connection by the Institute of Philosophy of the USSR Academy of Sciences were the development of the history of Russian philosophical thought and the creation of a new textbook of formal logic. These areas of research activity have shown their relevance in the light of the chal­lenges of wartime and prospects in terms of the long-term development of science.

scholarly journals PROBLEMS OF EVACUATION HOSPITALS OF THE KRASNOYARSK REGION IN 1941–1943 AND THE CONTRIBUTION OF V. F. VOYNO-YASENETSKY (ST. LUKA)

2018 ◽  
pp. 46-52
Author(s):  
S. V. Kozhevnikov
Keyword(s):  
History Of Medicine ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Hospital System ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Research Goal ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Key Aspects ◽  
The Military ◽  
The City

The current paper is the first to present some of the key activities and operational problems of evacuation hospitals in the city of Krasnoyarsk and the whole hospital system of the Krasnoyarsk territory in the first years of the Great Patriotic war. In addition, the paper touches upon the key aspects of the medical, pedagogical and scientific work of the famous surgeon V. F. Voino-Yasenetsky (St. Luka), who worked in Krasnoyarsk evacuation hospitals in 1941 – 1943. The research goal is to reveal the foundations of the diverse activities of evacuation hospitals for the treatment of wounded patients from the moment of their arrival by the military-sanitary trains in the city, further sorting and hospitalization of the wounded into a specialized or General surgical hospital, as well as stressing the importance of the rescue activity conducted by professor and surgeon V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky in the system of evacuation hospitals. The results of this study can be used by historians of the war period, including those who are involved in the study of history of medicine during the wartime and V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky's biographers.

25 years of the Institute of Slavic Studies of the Slovak Academy of Sciences

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 226-235
Author(s):  
Marina M. Valentsova ◽  
Elena S. Uzeneva
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
Religious Texts ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Slavic Languages ◽  
Language History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Slavic Studies

The essay was written to mark the 25th anniversary of the Slavic Institute named after Jan Stanislav SAS (Bratislava). The Institute was founded to conduct interdisciplinary research on the relationships of the Slovak language and culture with other Slavic languages and cultures, as well as to study the Slovak-Latin, Slovak-Hungarian, and Slovak-German cultural and linguistic interactions in ancient times and the Middle Ages. The article introduces the main milestones in the formation and development of the Institute, its employees, the directions of their scientific work, and their significant publications. The main areas of research of the Slavic Institute (initially the Slavic Cabinet) cover linguistics (lexicography, history of language), history, folklore, cultural studies, musicology, and textology. Much attention is paid to the annotated translation of foreign religious texts into Slovak. A valuable contribution of the Institute to Slavic Studies is the creation of a database of Cyrillic and Latin handwritten and printed texts related to the Byzantine-Slavic tradition in Slovakia.

scholarly journals Memorial Book of the Chechen Republic

2011 ◽  
pp. 58-62
Author(s):  
Zarema H. Ibragimova
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Documentary Sources ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Working Out

On the history of the Memorial Book of the Chechen Republic as compared with preparation and publication of similar books in the other country’s regions. Working out of historical and documentary sources and present them a wide public in the long term reconstruction of historical events of the Great Patriotic War is actual.

SUBJECT AND METHOD OF ARCHEOLOGY: F. V. KIPARISOV'S NOTION

2021 ◽  
pp. 60-67
Author(s):  
MIHAIL KISELEV
Keyword(s):  
Material Culture ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Material Sources ◽  
Archival Source ◽  
History Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article provides information on the report of F. V. Kiparisov, kept in the Archives of the Russian Academy of Sciences, "The Subject and Method of Archeology" and discussions on the report at the meeting of the Institute of History of the Communist Academy, dated November 29, 1931. The aim of the work was to introduce an unpublished archival source into scientific circulation on the history of archeology. As a result of studying the document, some conclusions can be drawn: the main advantage of the scientific work of F. V. Kiparisov, in our opinion, is an attempt to determine the place of archeology in historical science as an auxiliary scientific discipline. The scientist assigned a special place to material sources in the study of thehistorical development of society. At the same time, the report did not touch upon the questions of the methods of archeology, stated in the title of the speech. As for the relationship of archeology with the history of material culture, the differences between them were not convincing enough by the speaker. During the discussion on the report, scientists of the Institute of History criticized the position of the speaker both on issues of archeology and on the history of material cultures. The information provided will expand the source base on the history of archeology and can be used for research and educational purposes.

HISTORICAL HERITAGE OF G. D. KAZMIRCHUK (IN VIEW OF THE 75TH ANNIVERSARY)

2019 ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Kotsur ◽  
Mariia Kazmyrchuk
Keyword(s):  
Social History ◽  
Life Experience ◽  
Local History ◽  
75Th Anniversary ◽  
National Academy Of Sciences ◽  
National University ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Heritage ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Academy Of Sciences

The article analyzes the life and creative path of the outstanding Ukrainian historian, Professor Grygorii D. Kazmyrchuk, who turns 75 years old. He has devoted more than 30 years of teaching to Taras Shevchenko Kyiv National University, a well-known Decembrists-scholar, historiographer and researcher of his native village of Kalknyk. The article also covers the genus of the hero of the anniversary, his family circle. A brief historical note was given of GrygoriiDmitrovich's hometown of Kalknyk village, where he was born, thanking the Kalnitsky community, investigating his history. Grygorii D. Kazmyrchuk is the founder of the School of Decembrists Studies at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. His works are widely known abroad. The hero of the anniversary actively cooperates with the international community in the study of various history issues. He trained more than 10 candidates in this direction (A. Kulikovska, R. Lavrenyuk, A. Verbovy, L. Gubitsky, O. Lyapina, Iu. Latysh and others). Active participants of the Decembrist school were: O. Rafalsky, A. Silkin, Yu. Shlapak, V. Smirnov, T. Orlova and others. The hero of the anniversary for the first time gave the definition of the Decembrist school, developed the periodization of Decembrists movement and conducted biographical researches of the Decembrists and historians of the Decembrists (V. Bazylevych, V. Romanovsky, J. Germayze and others). Grygorii D. Kazmyrchukorganized of more than 10 congresses on Decembrists movement – «Decembrist Readings». He resumed and continued publishing papers collections of «Decembrists in Ukraine» (five papers collections appeared under his leading). G. D. Kazmyrchuk and O. P. Reent, who Headed of the Department of History of Ukraine at the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century at the Institute of History of Ukraine of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, developed a project devoted to the emergence of the Decembrist movement and held 5 International conferences on this problem. Now the project «Ukrainian Decembrist School 1825-2019» is being actively developed. G. D. Kazmyrchuk participates in the international project «Russian Decembrist Studies in Persons 1825 – 2019», where biographies of Decembrists of Ukraine of the ХIX and ХХ centuries are highlighted. Kazmyrchuk G. D. is an elder of the Kalynitsky Cossack Regiment and an honored researcher of local lore of Ukraine. He is the author of regional studies on the history of the Kalnyk village and the Kalnitsky Cossack Regiment etc. For example, the latest edition «Kalnycky Cossack Regiment (1648–1712)» (2019) is devoted to the history and the battle route of Kalnik people. His research interests are focus on History of Ukraine, Local History, Historiography, Bibliography, World History, Social History, Biography, Shevchenko Studies, Decembrist Studies, History of University and History of Education etc. The hero of the anniversary has a rich life experience, which is happy to convey to the younger generation, their own children and grandchildren. Homeland and colleagues sincerely congratulate Grygorii Dmitrovich on the occasion of the 75th anniversary and wish him strong health and longevity!

School museum as a mean of implementing the innovation project “Basic schools of the Russian Academy of Sciences”

2020 ◽  
pp. 234-242
Author(s):  
Georgiy S. Makhrachev
Keyword(s):  
Research Work ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Educational Process ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Project Method ◽  
Russian Academy Of Sciences ◽  
Art And Technology ◽  
Innovation Project ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

We consider the experience of using museum pedagogy to implement the innovation project “Basic schools of the Russian Academy of Sciences”. The main goal of the project is to identify and attract talented young people to the scientific sphere. The school museum can become a place for students to get acquainted with the methods of search and research work, critical thinking development and, as a result, further development in the professional sphere. Based on the analysis of the military and historical glory museum’s work of school graduates and Tambov partisans, “MAEI Lyceum no. 6” managed to identify 4 stages of the project implementation. First of all, with the help of creative tasks and game methods it is necessary to motivate students to engage in search and research work. The next stage implies creation of additional opportunities for scientific self-realization. From the most interested students a creative association is formed, which is engaged in such activities as museology, source study, art and technology, and historical. At this stage the teacher should actively implement the project method of work. It is possible to invite scientists and specialists with lectures and master classes to make students learn more about the features of scientific work. The third stage implies the inclusion of museum lessons in the educational process, and the organization of such lessons should involve members of the creative association. In conclusion: we should not forget about the importance of promoting the museum in the public environment through the official website, media, scientific publications, mass events and excursions for school guests.

scholarly journals Khan Jelaleddin and the Tatars at the Battle of Grunwald

2021 ◽  
pp. 83-94
Author(s):  
Selim Chazbijewicz ◽  
◽  
Mirlan A. Namatov ◽  
Nurlan A. Namatov ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Economic Recession ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Scientific Work ◽  
Special Role ◽  
Internal Conflicts ◽  
History Of ◽  
Grand Duchy Of Lithuania ◽  
The Military

This article is a translation from Polish of the scientific work of the Polish historian of the Crimean Tatar origin Selim Chazbijewicz “Khan Jelaleddin and the Tatars at the Battle of Grunwald”. It examines the role of the Tatar cavalry and the significance of the Battle of Grunwald for Poland and Lithuania. The Tatars played a special role in the military history of Poland and Lithuania in the XII–XIV centuries. Their ubiquitous presence in wars and battles in Eastern Europe was well known to their contemporaries, who perfectly understood that without their military assistance, no belligerent side could claim victory over its opponents. Their decisive role in battles can be explained mainly by their use of nomadic light cavalry, which was practically invincible in those centuries. The Battle of Grunwald took place on July 15, 1410 during the Polish-Lithuanian-Teutonic War. The union of the crown of the Kingdom of Poland and the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, headed by King Vladislav II Jagaila and Grand Duke Vytautas, finally defeated the German-Prussian knights of the Teutonic Order, headed by Grand Master Ulrich von Jungingen. Most of the leaders of the Teutonic Knights were killed or taken prisoner. The Teutonic Order will never regain its former power again, the financial burden of war reparations caused internal conflicts and economic recession in the territories under their control. The battle altered the balance of power in Central and Eastern Europe and heralded the rise of the Polish-Lithuanian alliance as the dominant political and military power in the region.

scholarly journals Military History Exposition at the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul

2020 ◽  
pp. 97-101
Author(s):  
T.V. Tishkina
Keyword(s):  
History Of Education ◽  
Military History ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
Archival Documents ◽  
History Of ◽  
Museum Staff ◽  
The Military

The process of forming the fund and the features of the military-historical exposition of the Museum of History of Education in Barnaul is considered. The institution has been operating since 2008 under the direction of O.V. Kakotkina. Museum Fund it is more than 12, 5 thousand of items. Considerable attention has been paid to manning collections reflecting wartime events. The article analyzes the exposition of the hall “Education in Barnaul during the Great Patriotic War (1941-1945)”. The museum staff and artist-designer N.A. Burdina carried out the exposition. When creating the exposition, the principles of scientificness, subjectivity and communication are observed. Over 230 exhibits are presented in the sections of the exposition: letters, photos, awards, archival documents, household items 1930-1940, artifacts obtained as a result of excavations at battlefields in the Novgorod region, etc. A variety of modern museum equipment was used to accommodate them. About 7000 people visit the museum annually. They get acquainted with the exposition of the hall during museum or in their own. It is noted that the activities of the museum are important for the preservation, study and promotion of the heritage of Barnaul educators.

scholarly journals Philosophical and Ethical Intensions of the Category of Heroic in L.N. Tolstoy’s Early Works

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 592-598
Author(s):  
Diana S. Berestovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Ancient Philosophy ◽  
War And Peace ◽  
Ethical Intentions ◽  
Junior Officers ◽  
Great Patriotic War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Dangerous Place ◽  
History Of Culture ◽  
Great Writer ◽  
The Military

Texts of culture, which act as “generators of meaning”, are associated by Yu.M. Lotman, in his work “The History and Typology of Culture”, with the problem of memory that makes possible the reconstruction of the history of culture from its synchronic slices.The study of L.N. Tolstoy’s early works allows to judge the figurative character of the philosophical ethical intentions of the category of heroic that were embodied in the topic of “man and war”.The category of heroic is reflected in the concept of ancient philosophers — Plato (“Dialogues”), Aristotle (“Ethics”, “Poetics”), in the treatise by G. Bruno (“The Heroic Frenzies”), in the philosophy of G.W.F. Hegel (“Aesthetics”), and others. In the context of developing the idea of “man and war” and revealing Leo Tolstoy’s interest in ancient philosophy, the article aims to explore the embodiment of these intentions in the works of the great writer and to note the peculiar “echoes” of his thoughts about justice, courage or cowardice in battle by the examples of his works (the story “Raid”, “Caucasian Stories”, and others). Special attention should be paid to “Sevastopol Stories” created during the Crimean (Eastern) War by L.N. Tolstoy, an artillery officer who served in the most dangerous place of the Sevastopol defense (the 4th bastion). They reveal the essence of “true” and “false” courage, the relations between artillery soldiers and junior officers, the theme of the feat and other problems, which was later developed in the epic novel “War and Peace”.The article actualizes the issue of traditions (from Plato to Hegel), the development of Leo Tolstoy’s ideas, the analysis of human behavior in a situation of mortal danger, the problem of the heroic and the tragic, reflected in the “military” prose of writers — participants of the Great Patriotic War: Yu.V. Bondarev, V.V. Bykov, G.Ya. Baklanov, V.O. Bogomolov, K.D. Vorobyov, K.M. Simonov, and others.

scholarly journals ESSAY ON THE SARMATIAN STUDIES IN UKRAINE

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-182
Author(s):  
A. V. Symonenko
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Interpretation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Archaeological Material ◽  
The North ◽  
Research Fields ◽  
The Sixties ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Generation ◽  
Academy Of Sciences ◽  
The Military

The steppe and part of the forest-steppe of modern Ukraine since the 2nd century BC till the 4th century AD were the place of residence of the numerous Sarmatian tribes. The Sarmatian studies are one of the actual research fields of Ukrainian and foreign archaeologists. The article analyses the study of Sarmatian culture of North Pontic region since the time of the first finds of Sarmatian sites untill the present. The author proposes to survey the development of Ukrainian Sarmatian studies in two directions: field exploration and the theoretical interpretation of archaeological material. The article presents the history of the finds of Sarmatian culture and the review of points of view of main scholars on the various problems of Sarmatian archeology. The history of Ukrainian Sarmatian studies is associated with the names of T. G. Obolduyeva, E. V. Makhno, M. I. Vyazmitina, A. V. Symonenko, M. B. Shchukin, V. I. Kostenko, O. M. Dzygovski, M. M. Fokeyev. The Sarmatians of Moldova were fundamentally studied by E. A. Rickman and V. I. Grosu. In total in the North Pontic region by the end of XX century 1256 burials and individual finds of Sarmatian culture were known. Among them the burials of the «kings» and «queens» near the villages of Pogory and Vesnyane, in the Sokolova Mohyla and Nohayichik barrows were excavated. The fundamental works of Prof. M. I. Rostovtsev were the first attempt to summarize the historical and archaeological sources of the Sarmatians of North Pontic region. The scholars of the Institute of Archeology of the Academy of Sciences of Ukraine SSR Drs. T. G. Obolduyiva in the fifties of the twentieth century and M. I. Vyazmitina — in the sixties — seventies were at the source of the Ukrainian Sarmatian studies. The Sarmatian culture of the North Pontic region became the latest subject of scientific studies by K. F. Smirnov. Since the beginning of the eighties the new generation of researchers was involved to the Sarmatian studies in Ukraine and Dr. A. V. Simonenko became the leader. He has reconstructed the ethnic and politic history of the Sarmatians of the North Pontic region, proposed the new chronology of the Sarmatian Age, the essay on the culture and art of the Sarmatians was written by him. In several monographs of Dr. Symonenko and their reprints the Roman imported products from the North Pontic Sarmatian graves were studied, and the armaments, horse equipment and the military affairs of the Sarmatians were analyzed.

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