THE ROLE OF INDEPENDENCE IN THE STRUCTURE OF THE ACTIVITIES OF CADETS AND GRADUATES OF THE MILITARY INSTITUTIONS OF THE NATIONAL GUARD FORCES OF THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION

Целью исследования является определение роли самостоятельности в военной службе офицеров и ее влияние на успешное выполнение служебно-боевых задач. Рассмотрена структура деятельности человека, а также место в ней элементов самостоятельности. На основе исследования научной литературы определяются основные структурные элементы понятия «самостоятельность», что позволяет интерпретировать результаты проведенного анализа отзывов на выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации. Выявленные недостатки в подготовке военных специалистов позволяют сделать вывод о недостаточном развитии самостоятельности в их служебной деятельности. Из этого следует, что зафиксированный уровень развития самостоятельности препятствует проявлению нестандартного, нешаблонного мышления, а также значительно затормаживает саморазвитие офицера как личности и специалиста. Особое внимание уделяется формированию практических навыков курсантов военных вузов, соответствию решения практических задач на занятиях реальным запросам командования различного уровня. Проанализированы возможные причины формирования практических навыков выпускников на уровне ниже ожидаемого и проблема адаптации младших офицеров к новым вызовам. Также в ходе исследования определены основные пути решения проблемы морального устаревания предлагаемых в ходе практических занятий «жизненных» ситуаций. Важно отметить, что уровень профессиональных компетенций выпускников военных вузов войск национальной гвардии Российской Федерации тесно взаимосвязан с практикой их применения. Отмечено, что деятельность курсанта и офицера схожа по своей структуре, что позволяет предложить более результативные способы формирования их поведения в нестандартных/критических ситуациях. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of independence in the military service of officers and its influence on the successful fulfillment of service and combat missions. The article examines the structure of human activity, as well as the place of elements of independence in it. Based on the study of scientific literature, the main structural elements of the concept of “independence” are determined, which allows interpreting the results of the analysis of responses to graduates of military universities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation. The identified shortcomings in the training of military specialists allow us to conclude that there is insufficient development of independence in their service activities. As a result, the recorded level of development of independence prevents the manifestation of non-standard, unconventional thinking, and also significantly inhibits the self-development of an officer as a person and as a specialist. Particular attention is paid to the formation of practical skills of cadets of military universities, the correspondence of the solution of practical problems in the classroom to the real requests of the command of various levels. The article discusses the possible reasons for the formation of practical skills of graduates at a level below the expected level and the problem of adaptation of junior officers to new challenges. Also, in the course of the study, the main ways of solving the problem of obsolescence of the “life” situations offered during practical exercises were determined. It is important to note that the level of professional competence of graduates of military universities of the National Guard troops of the Russian Federation is closely interconnected with the practice of their application. The article notes that the activities of a cadet and an officer are similar in structure, which allows us to offer more effective ways of shaping their behavior in non-standard / critical situations.

The Wavy Navy in the United States

In 1943 five junior officers in the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve made their way to Boulder, Colorado, to join a course at the US Navy Japanese Language School. The US Navy had turned its attention to Japanese language training before the outbreak of war, largely thanks to the efforts of two intelligence officers who had grown up in Japan. While the US Army began training Japanese Americans, the US Navy Japanese Language School did not accept Japanese Americans as students but did use them as teachers. Most of the five RNVR officers already had extensive naval experience, including combat on the high seas, but they finished their 18-month course too late to be able to play much of a part in the war, unlike their American fellow students, who saw action in the Pacific.

Dirty Work

The PSNI have promoted human rights as a central and enduring hallmark of con-temporary policing, proffering to junior officers what Ravasi and Schultz (2006: 435) describe as ‘legitimate and consistent narratives that allow them to construct a collective sense of self’. The focus of this chapter’s analysis is on how junior officers performing routine work internalized human rights, with sensemaking providing the process through which this took place. Sensemaking is a situated practice, taking place amidst individuals’ working lives and occupational settings and drawing on resources from each. In this chapter, the focus is on the Tactical Support Group. Drawing on Hughes’ (1958) concept of ‘dirty work’, this chapter introduces the occupational context within which TSG officers were making sense of human rights as a vernacular of police work. With this conceptual scaffolding in place, the chapter proceeds to identify and examine a series of counter-narratives officers attached to human rights as a normative vision for policing and a regulatory standard in their everyday work. This entailed officers re-interpreting and modifying the official rights narrative in various ways, such that the content of the narrative varied even if it served similar sensemaking goals to the official narrative: making the complex orderly, fostering self-esteem and maintaining self-legitimacy.

“Trench Viewpoint”: Wartime Letters as the Object of Scientific Conceptualization in Linguistic Personology

Based on the regional archival materials (private letters of nine veterans of World War II), the article discovers approaches to scientific description of external parameters of epistolary texts. Since analysed letters are written by privates and junior officers, the narrative represents the “trench viewpoint”. External parameters of epistolary texts include various information: they capture the spirit of the period, describe some details of front life, reveal the level of culture of gene­ral and written speech, and in some cases reflect the psychological traits and mental state of the sen­der. The description of external features of epistolary texts lays a foundation for further analysis of their content, being an integral part of the linguistic and personological method of portraying a linguistic personality. The method is aimed at solving the issues of military and historical anthropology, as it allows to identify the factors that are important for recreating the multidimensional image of the sender in the severe environment of wartime reality.

SOCIAL STRUCTURE OF THE PARTICIPANTS OF THE BATTLE OF STOKE FIELD, 16 JUNE 1487

The battle of Stoke Field is often proclaimed to be the finish of the Wars of the Roses in England. It was less than two years after the overthrow of Richard III Plantagenet by Henry VII Tudor. His victory was not so much the result of military superiority as the consequence of a policy of intrigue and betrayal, and it explains the preservation of a significant number of hidden adherents of the overthrown dynasty around the new monarch. Their unification around the Yorkist pretender to the throne led to the last major battle in more than thirty years of struggle for the English throne. Prosopographic analysis allows the author to assess the degree of participation of various social groups in military activities and the impact of the Wars of the Roses on society. Written sources provide an opportunity to partially recover the named composition of the participants in the battle. The author identified 170 people. Most of them are Lancastrians (134 people). The largest social group (89 people) was of gentry (knights and squires). They served as middle and junior officers and formed the basis of both armies. They depended on the outcome of the battle. The battle of Stoke Field was a typical battle of the Wars of the Roses. The most active participants were representatives of the nobility and gentry, and their reasons for participation were personal ties among the nobility. The defeat of the Yorkists did not mean the end of sociopolitical turbulence (which gives some historians a reason to extend the Wars of the Roses to the late 15th century and even to the early 16th century), but subsequent hostilities were social rebellions rather than the episodes of "Game of Thrones".

A machine learning analysis of serious misconduct among Australian police

Fairness in policing, driven by the effective and transparent investigation and remediation of police misconduct, is vital to maintaining the legitimacy of policing agencies, and the capacity for police to function within society. Research into police misconduct in Australia has traditionally been performed on an ad-hoc basis, with limited access to law enforcement data. This research seeks to identify the antecedents of serious police misconduct, resulting in the dismissal or criminal charge of officers, among a large police misconduct dataset. Demographic and misconduct data were sourced for a sample of 600 officers who have committed instances of serious misconduct, and a matched sample of 600 comparison officers across a 13-year period. A machine learning analysis, random forest, was utilised to produce a robust predictive model, with Partial Dependence Plots employed to demonstrate within variable interaction with serious misconduct. Prior instances of serious misconduct were particularly predictive of further serious misconduct, while misconduct was most prominent around mid-career. Secondary employment, and performance issues were important predictors, while demographic variables typically outperformed complaint variables. This research suggests that serious misconduct is similarly prevalent among experienced officers, as it is junior officers, while secondary employment is an important indicator of misconduct risk. Findings provide guidance for misconduct prevention policy among policing agencies.

Outcomes of Police Sexual Misconduct in the UK

Sexual misconduct in police officers and staff is a serious form of corruption with negative consequences for victims and the reputation of the police. It can include a variety of behaviours ranging from inappropriate sexual comments to colleagues to sexual activity with vulnerable victims of crime. Analysis of publicly accessible data available from proven cases of sexual misconduct in 30 police forces in England and Wales has identified eight categories of sexual misconduct, together with the subsequent disciplinary outcomes. The most frequently recorded type of sexual misconduct involved officers of Constable rank conducting sexual relationships with victims of crime. Conversely, officers of higher ranks were more frequently found to engage in sexual bullying towards junior officers. Consequential dismissal rates varied greatly across different regions of the country. This research focuses on sexual misconduct within English and Welsh police forces and provides the current picture behaviours across regions, ranks, and gender.