scholarly journals Persona & Parrhesia: Research notes on the dialectics of the real

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Matteo Stocchetti
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Social Construction Of Reality ◽  
The Real ◽  
Normative Evaluation ◽  
The Social ◽  
Or Practice ◽  
Preliminary Research ◽  
The Individual

<p>If reality is socially established through practices that, directly or indirectly, depend on communication and therefore on some notion of truth, the idea of a post-truth communicative regime or “age” may seem not only bizarre but also worrying. The dissolution of the real announced by the prophets of postmodernism in the form of either a “perfect crime” or a “liquid reality”, has been interpreted as the effect of the crisis of truth and legitimation that Jean-Françoise Lyotard referred to with his notions of ”performativity” and ”legitimation by force”. In this perspective, reality depends on truth and the possibility of truth depends in turn, by configurations of power that seem too elusive and ephemeral to be effectively engaged with in either theory or practice. In this paper, I mobilize the notions of parrhesia and persona in an effort to establish an alternative standpoint to discuss the epistemological and ontological implications of the postmodern condition and the crisis of truth associated to it. The main point can perhaps be summarized in the idea that, if the new regime of truth (or post-truth) relies on persona expressing the roles/characters compatible with it, the notion of parrhesia may gain a critical relevance for the normative evaluation of these personas and the social implications of their truth. Famously re-introduced by Michel Foucault in his analysis of truth and its discursive conditions, the notion of parrhesia has a heuristic potential that is not fully exploited. While challenging in fundamental ways the social construction of reality on practical grounds, the digitalization of social life presents also theoretical challenges some of which can be addressed by the reconceptualization of parrhesia in relation to the social role of the persona rather than the individual. In my paper, I present some preliminary research notes in this direction.</p>

scholarly journals SOCIO-CULTURAL FEATURES OF SPEAKERS’ COMMUNICATIVE BEHAVIOR IN DIFFERENT SOCIAL ROLES AND THEIR TRANSLATION INTO UKRAINIAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (87) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myroslava Lohvynenko ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Roles ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Communication Situations ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Cultural Features ◽  
Linguistic Means

The article is a study of the features of the individual’s communicative behavior, when implementing different social roles. By analyzing the concept of the social role and status, author puts forward the classification of the most frequent social roles represented by an individual in formal and informal communication situations (that of a father, lecturer, friend, colleague, employer, employee, consultant). The work is based on the number of studied and investigated dialogical fragments, where one character appears in different social roles and uses various language means. Having considered typical communicative situations, the author also singles out linguistic and extra-linguistic means which mark the changes of speaker’s social roles, namely: elevated, sarcastic, polite, sad, ironic, joyful, neutral, strict, humorous, angry, contemptuous, intrusive, friendly, confident and other tones as well as smile, frown and raised eyebrows, laugh, direct eye contact, pointing finger, pointing the hand etc. At the next stage of the analysis the author reveals the language means that mark the changes of the speaker's social roles as well as outlines the difficulties, connected with their translation into Ukrainian. Translation of the dialogical fragments was studied in order to find out types of rendition of the means that indicate realization of different social roles by the speaker. Non-verbal communication was also researched, aiming to find out correlation between the social role of the speaker and the means, used by the speaker, according to his social role. As a result, the paper presents the analysis of such means of translation as transliteration, transcription, antonymous, descriptive, and contextual tracing, literal types of translation as well as their dependence on the social role of the speaker. So the components of intercourse let communicative behavior of the individual to be comprehensively considered. Thereby, the results of the study, their representation in per cents, as well as examples of the communicative situations and their analysis, are represented in the following article.

scholarly journals “Libraries motors of change” and the social role of (digital) libraries for their communities

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3/4) ◽  
pp. 142-145
Author(s):  
Mario Coffa
Keyword(s):  
Digital Libraries ◽  
Design Methodology ◽  
Social Role ◽  
International Federation ◽  
Individual Country ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Social ◽  
Uniform Manner ◽  
The Individual

Purpose Based on a comparison with different realities, analysis of the situation of libraries in line with International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions (IFLA) policies and directives. Design/methodology/approach The method used for the following paper is that of a remote interview. Findings The expected results will emerge from the debate that can be raised from this paper. Research limitations/implications The IFLA guidelines have international value but are implemented according to the context of the individual country, not always in a uniform manner. Originality/value The interview reveals the formality of the contents through the informality of the method.

scholarly journals Determinants of Legal Behaviour

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-50
Author(s):  
Andrey V. Scorobogatov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Legal Tradition ◽  
Positive Law ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual

Introduction. This article is devoted to the research of essence and the legal behaviour of the person. The purpose of article is the identification of the factors influencing formation, development and content of legal behaviour. Theoretical Basis. Methods. The article is based methodologically on the post-classical anthropological paradigm which allows consideration of legal behaviour through a prism of subjective perception by the person. The studying of fundamental bases of legal behaviour is impossible without identification of their valuable basis. Results. It is proved that the commission by the person of certain actions in the legal sphere depends on the individual and the social system of legal values, the individual and society (social group) relation to them, legal status of the personality and the social role which is carried out by it. The classification of legal behaviour on the basis of an axiological approach assumes an allocation of the person which is active, ordinary and passive depending on degree of readiness to carry out the legal actions, being guided by the valuable orientations and installations determined by legal socialisation and the system of legal values of group with which the subject identifies themselves. At the same time, it is insignificant how these actions meet the standards of positive law. However, the legal behaviour often has situational character. In this case its contents are defined by the system of so-called individual person law. The behaviour of the person is the result of operation of the special mechanism consisting of consistently realised elements that connected among themselves not only cognitively but also functionally including legal requirement, legal interest, legal motive, legal orientation, legal installation, legal decision, and legal act. These elements consistently replace each other, providing an interrelation of legal behaviour with legal awareness. The role of the state in formation of the person’s legal behaviour, though is very considerable, but it is not defining. In the process of legal socialisation the cognitive elements of the mechanism of legal behavior determined by legal tradition in combination with social and individual legal experience are formed. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of legal behaviour is aimed at expanding the value ideas of legal reality. This will allow a deeper look at legal development on a global scale.

scholarly journals Production of Gender: A Study on Performativity in Female-To-Male Transsexuals

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 255
Author(s):  
Tanu Priya ◽  
Dhishna Panniko
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Autobiographical Narratives ◽  
Presentation Of Self ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Socially Constructed ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Individual

Gender identity is critical to every individual; it is self-defined and yet affected by culture and society at large. Gender identities are formed through public and private spaces. Of the two traditions of thinking (essentialist and constructionist) about sex and gender, constructionist formulations are based on performance theory. It believes that sex and gender are viewed as not residing in the individual but are found in “those interactions that are socially constructed as gendered as opposed to essentialist tradition. Within performative theory, gender is a process rather than something naturally possessed. This study explores the process of formation of gender or social role in female-to-male (FTM) transsexual.  It will do so by exploring the factors that add to the formation of a gender role as seen through sartorial style, mannerisms, body language, and other aspects that influence one’s presentation of self. It includes the process of construction of FTM transsexual’s corporeality through performative attributes in order to approximate masculinity and come in accord with the social role of a man. The themes that are discussed in the analysis emerged after a careful reading of FTM autobiographical narratives. The instances are extracted from FTM autobiographical narratives; Becoming a Visible Man, The Testosterone Files, Both Sides now and the publication of these narratives range from 2005-2006.

scholarly journals Woman philosopher of the Pythagorean school about human nature and upbringing

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 239-260
Author(s):  
Feano of Croton ◽  
Mia of Croton ◽  
Melissa philosopher ◽  
Fintis of Spartan ◽  
Esara of Lucan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Nature ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Human Soul ◽  
Philosophical Foundations ◽  
The Social ◽  
Normative Principle ◽  
Women Philosophers ◽  
The Individual

The article offers academic translation into Ukrainian of a number of works by Pythagorean woman philosophers, which reveal the problems of human nature and personality education. The focus is on such pseudo-epigraphs of ancient woman thinkers as two letters by Theano of Crotone, letters of Miya of Crotone and Melissa, as well as treatises by Fintys of Sparta "On a woman prudence", Aesara of Lucania "On human nature" and excerpts from Porphyry’s "Pythagorean music" which contain fragments of the works of Ptolemais of Cyrene. The main themes of the above works and letters are the education of the individual in general, and women in particular. Accordingly, the basis of education should be an element of restraint and prudence in everything. If the child is brought up on this basis, he will be able to be strong and resilient during certain life situations. In the treatises of the Pythagorean women-philosophers it is noted that through the study of our own human nature (namely, the human soul) we can understand the philosophical foundations of natural law and morality. Therefore, a woman should use in her life not fleeting emotions and reactions to a particular event, situation, but also be moderate and prudent. These texts are significant in the context of understanding gender issues in the Hellenistic era. Based on the translated works, we can say that, according to thinkers, a number of virtues are common to both sexes (courage, justice and wisdom), moderation or abstinence are more common in women. At the same time, the limitation of the social role of women reflects an understanding of the nature of the female soul. Accordingly, the normative principle of harmony must be implemented in the context of the specific social roles allowed to women. At the same time, the availability of these texts indicates that philosophy is possible for both men and women, thus emphasizing the importance of involving the latter in knowledge and scientific knowledge.

scholarly journals Rethinking the social role of nursing through the work of Donzelot and Foucault  

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-58
Author(s):  
Evy Nazon ◽  
Amelie Peron ◽  
Thomas Foth
Keyword(s):  
Social Role ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Everyday Lives ◽  
The Social ◽  
Helping Others ◽  
The Everyday ◽  
History Of ◽  
Role Of Nursing ◽  
The Individual

The history of nursing is often perceived as the history of a profession with charitable and philanthropic objectives of helping others live a healthy life. Many historians have celebrated the major role played by charitable women in nursing. Moving beyond this charitable and dedicated image of nurses, we argue that nursing, through “the social,” became a pivotal component of the governance of the everyday lives of populations. As such, nursing became part of the evolving idea that all areas of life must be managed through a process of normalization that seeks to maximize the life of both the individual and the population. Populations thus became the focus of governmental projects. Jacques Donzelot’s notion of invention of the social and Michel Foucault’s concept of govenmentality make possible a reassessment of the conventional image of nurses, and in particular, that of charitable nurses.

scholarly journals REASSESSING THE ZIMBABWEAN CHIPENDANI

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-66
Author(s):  
Jennifer Kyker
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity ◽  
Southern Africa ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Adult Men ◽  
The Social ◽  
Child's Play ◽  
The Status

The Shona chipendani (pl. zvipendani) is among dozens of musical bows found throughout southern Africa. An understanding of where the chipendani fits into the larger space of Zimbabwe’s musical and social life is markedly thin. Other than Brenner’s observation that the chipendani may occasionally be played by adult men while socializing over beer, descriptions of the chipendani seldom go further than remarking on theinstrument’s associations with cattle herding, and reducing it to the status of child’s play. In this article, I argue that conceptions of the musical and social identity of the chipendani must be expanded beyond its conventional portrayal as a herdboy instrument, since other groups of people have been actively involved in performing the instrument. I further maintain that the social role of the chipendani extends beyond providing accompaniment for a singular activity—that of cattle herding—into other contexts. By challenging Tracey’s conception of solo bow playing as “self-delectative,” my account of chipendani music opens up space for new readings of other musical bows throughout southern Africa.

scholarly journals The problem of the social ideal in the philosophy of Boris Chicherin

Polylogos ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (№ 3 (17)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Sergey Chizhkov
Keyword(s):  
Social Life ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Social Liberalism ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Liberal Thought

The article analyzes the concept of the ideal of social life, developed by B.N. Chicherin. The first part of the article examines his criticism of various representations of the social ideal in the history of thought and in socio-economic and political concepts contemporary to Chicherin. Special attention is paid to his analysis and criticism of the social ideal of socialist doctrines. The second part of the article is devoted to the analysis of tendencies in liberal thought, controversial from Chicherin&apos;s point of view. It provides Chicherin&apos;s criticism of the notions of social liberalism emerging at the end of the 19th century. In the third part, an analysis of his own concept is given, Chicherin&apos;s ideas about the ways of forming a society based on individual freedom are considered, and the social role of ideas about the social ideal is analyzed.

scholarly journals Fundamentals of training of police officers for action in extreme situations.

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 113-118
Author(s):  
Valeriy Bilichenko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Personal Safety ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Political Economic

The article presents the concept of extreme situation and the factors that characterize it. The content and principles of preparation of police officers for solving operational and service tasks in conditions related to extreme situations are considered. The need to improve the social behavior of police officers in the context of mass events of citizens in recent years has been growing steadily. This is due to the processes of transformation in the political, economic, social and spiritual life of people, which have a significant impact on the formation of civil society, ensuring the rights and freedoms of the population. As part of these processes, there are changes in the police, not least related to increasing the level of socio-psychological competence of police units, the formation of a positive image of the police officer in the eyes of the population. Not every personal problem, intrapersonal or interpersonal conflict, feelings of crisis inevitably lead to stress. Stress resistance is determined by a set of personality qualities that allow you to tolerate significant intellectual, volitional and emotional loads (mental stability); perform their professional tasks with good psychosomatic health; to have a stable worldview and to be a believer; perform a certain social role and have an appropriate level of culture of their society (psychological stability of the individual). Analysis of materials on the practice of law enforcement shows that in order to respond calmly and reasonably to the aggressive actions and abuse of the crowd and soberly take into account the situation, a police officer needs not only mental and physical effort, but also knowledge of human behavior in crowd, the mechanism of its formation and mode of action, the role of each type of participants in the riots, stereotypes of their actions in extreme conditions. Depends on ensuring their personal safety and the safety of citizens, as well as the success of a specific job. The essence of the psyche is reflection. The psyche is a subjective image of the objective world, an ideal (immaterial) reflection of reality. Psychological stability of employees of special divisions influences comprehensive and effective disclosure of crimes.

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