Brazil Deepwater BC-10 ESP Operation without Downhole ESP Gauges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lissett Barrios ◽  
Igor Debacker ◽  
Robert Rivera ◽  
Mariana Basilio ◽  
David Liney
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Boost Pressure ◽  
Centrifugal Pumps ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Safety Operation

Abstract The paper reports on the integrated approach for the Brazil Deepwater BC-10 Electrical Submersible Pump (ESP) Operation without Downhole ESP gauges to safety operate the system and surveillance on light to heavy viscosity fluids and two phases, liquid – gas flow. The Electrical Submersible Pumping (ESP) system uses in Brazil are multistage centrifugal pumps for high rate and high boost applications inside a vessel system (caisson) powered with Pressure and Temperature gauges in each caisson, Venturi flowmeter at the discharge of the pump and a Motor POD located at the bottom of the motor that provides internal motor winding temperature (MWT), ESP vibration and Motor External Pressure for safety operation and to help predict ESP performance. To operate Brazil ESP systems without downhole gauges, an integrated analysis was performed to understand the more important and minimum acceptable variables required to operate the system, substitutions for the essential gauges and bypassed for non-critical gauges for ESP operations. Extended study and analysis were performed to cover in detail each of the alarms to allow running the ESP but maintaining the capacity to protect the system which will be the focus for this paper. All possible scenarios were considering and modelled for TRIP alarms such as out of range MWT, vibration, boost pressure, flow, pressure and temperature at the discharge to ensure capability functions for the critical variables were still available for the safety operation of the system. Low/High flow is a condition that may lead to ESP performance problems, in case of prolonged operation, a correlation from Gasmer Testing (1) based on ESP Boost and VFD current is proposed to calculate pump flowrate for safety operation to avoid ESP failures. The main technical contributions of this work are the detail approach, modeling and analysis for safety field operation without downhole gauges for predicting pump and motor performance. This study determines the minimum number of acceptance variables required and substitutions, as well variables that can be bypasses for non-critical gauges for ESP operations.

scholarly journals The High-Rate Sealed MRPC to Promote Pollutant Exchange in Gas Gaps: Status on the Development and Observations

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 4722
Author(s):  
Botan Wang ◽  
Xiaolong Chen ◽  
Yi Wang ◽  
Dong Han ◽  
Baohong Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Stable Operation ◽  
Beam Test ◽  
High Luminosity ◽  
Rate Test ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Resistive Plate Chambers ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Behavior

This work reports the latest observations on the behavior of two Multigap Resistive Plate Chambers (MRPC) under wide high-luminosity exposures, which motivate the development and in-beam test of the sealed MRPC prototype assembled with low-resistive glass. The operation currently being monitored, together with previous simulation results, shows the impact of gas pollution caused by avalanches in gas gaps, and the necessity to shrink the gas-streaming volume. With the lateral edge of the detector sealed by a 3D-printed frame, a reduced gas-streaming volume of ~170 mL has been achieved for a direct gas flow to the active area. A high-rate test of the sealed MRPC prototype shows that, ensuring a 97% efficiency and 70 ps time resolution, the sealed design results in a stable operation current behavior at a counting rate of 3–5 kHz/cm2. The sealed MRPC will become a potential solution for future high luminosity applications.

An integrated approach to identifying and characterising resilient urban food systems to promote population health in a changing climate

2015 ◽  
Vol 18 (13) ◽  
pp. 2498-2508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah W James ◽  
Sharon Friel
Keyword(s):  
Population Health ◽  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Mixed Methods Research ◽  
Food Systems ◽  
Food System ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Climate Resilience ◽  
Urban Food Systems

AbstractObjectiveTo determine key points of intervention in urban food systems to improve the climate resilience, equity and healthfulness of the whole system.DesignThe paper brings together evidence from a 3-year, Australia-based mixed-methods research project focused on climate change adaptation, cities, food systems and health. In an integrated analysis of the three research domains – encompassing the production, distribution and consumption sectors of the food chain – the paper examines the efficacy of various food subsystems (industrial, alternative commercial and civic) in achieving climate resilience and good nutrition.SettingGreater Western Sydney, Australia.SubjectsPrimary producers, retailers and consumers in Western Sydney.ResultsThis overarching analysis of the tripartite study found that: (i) industrial food production systems can be more environmentally sustainable than alternative systems, indicating the importance of multiple food subsystems for food security; (ii) a variety of food distributors stocking healthy and sustainable items is required to ensure that these items are accessible, affordable and available to all; and (iii) it is not enough that healthy and sustainable foods are produced or sold, consumers must also want to consume them. In summary, a resilient urban food system requires that healthy and sustainable food items are produced, that consumers can attain them and that they actually wish to purchase them.ConclusionsThis capstone paper found that the interconnected nature of the different sectors in the food system means that to improve environmental sustainability, equity and population health outcomes, action should focus on the system as a whole and not just on any one sector.

Gas pressure, Volume and Flow Measurement

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Magee ◽  
Mark Tooley
Keyword(s):  
Airway Pressure ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Intrathoracic Pressure ◽  
Wheatstone Bridge ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Electrical Circuit ◽  
Gas Pressure ◽  
Positive Pressure ◽  
Electrical Analogy ◽  
Metal Bellows

The physics of pressure, flow and the gas laws have been discussed in Chapter 7 in relation to the behaviour of gas and vapour. This section will focus on the physical principles of the measurement of gas pressure, volume and flow. Unlike a liquid, a gas is compressible and the relationship between pressure, volume and flow depends on the resistance to gas flow (or impedance if there is a frequency dependence between pressure and flow in alternating flow, see Chapter 4 for the electrical analogy of this) in conduits (bronchi, anaesthetic tubing); it also depends on the compliance of structures being filled and emptied (alveoli, reservoir bags, tubing or bellows). Normal breathing occurs by muscular expansion of the thorax, thus lowering the intrathoracic pressure, allowing air or anaesthetic gas to flow towards the alveoli down a pressure gradient from atmospheric pressure. When positive pressure ventilation occurs, gas is ‘pushed’ under pressure into the alveoli. Depending on the exact relationship between the ventilator and the lungs, different relationships exist between airway pressure (rather than alveolar pressure, which cannot easily be measured) and gas flow and volume. Gas pressure measurement devices were traditionally in the form of an aneroid barometer, a hollow metal bellows calibrated for pressure and temperature, which contracts when the external pressure on it increases, and expands when it decreases. The movement is linked to a pointer and indicator dial. It is often more convenient to make the device in the shape of part of a circular section, but the principle is the same. This is what the Bourdon gauge, which commonly measures pressure in gas cylinders, looks like. The detection of movement of the diaphragm of an aneroid barometer can take several forms. The movement can either be linked via a direct mechanical linkage to a pointer, or diaphragm movement can be linked to a capacitative or inductive element in an electrical circuit, such as a Wheatstone bridge. Airway pressure during spontaneous breathing or artificial ventilation is low. The preferred units of measurement are cm H2O and the range of values is between −20 and +20 cmH2O. The aneroid barometer to measure this will therefore be of light construction, using thin copper for the bellows material.

Integrated Analysis of Tracer and Pressure-Interference Tests To Identify Well Interference

SPE Journal ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (04) ◽  
pp. 1623-1635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashish Kumar ◽  
Puneet Seth ◽  
Kaustubh Shrivastava ◽  
Ripudaman Manchanda ◽  
Mukul M. Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Response Times ◽  
Horizontal Wells ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Pressure Response ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Tracer Recovery ◽  
Well Spacing ◽  
Fractured Horizontal Wells ◽  
Interference Tests

Summary In ultralow-permeability reservoirs, communication between wells through connected fractures can be observed through tracer and pressure-interference tests. Understanding the connectivity between fractured horizontal wells in a multiwell pad is important for infill well drilling and parent-child well interactions. Interwell tracer and pressure-interference tests involve two or more fractured horizontal wells and provide information about hydraulic-fracture connectivity between the wells. In this work, we present an integrated approach based on the analysis of tracer and pressure interference data to obtain the degree of interference between fractured horizontal wells in a multiwell pad. We analyze well interference using tracer (chemical tracer and radioactive proppant tracer) and pressure data in an 11-well pad in the Permian Basin. Changes in pressure and tracer concentration in the monitor wells were used to identify and evaluate interference between the source and monitor wells. Extremely low tracer recovery and weak pressure response signify the absence of connected fractures and suggest that interference through matrix alone is insignificant. Combined tracer and pressure-interference data suggest connected fracture pathways between the communicating wells. The degree of interference can be estimated in terms of pressure response times and tracer recovery. An effective reservoir model was used to simulate pressure interference between wells during production. Simulation results indicate that well interference observed during production is primarily because of hydraulically connected fractures. Combined tracer and pressure-interference analysis provides a unique tool for understanding the time-dependent connectivity between communicating wells, which can be useful for optimizing infill well drilling, well spacing, and fracture sizing in future treatment designs.

Development of a piezoelectric lead titanate thin film process on silicon substrates by high rate gas flow sputtering

2007 ◽  
Vol 133 (1) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Jacobsen ◽  
Th. Jung ◽  
K. Ortner ◽  
K.I. Schiffmann ◽  
H.-J. Quenzer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Lead Titanate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Silicon Substrates ◽  
Titanate Thin Film

Modeling and Analysis of a Bio-Fuelled Ceramic Fuel Cell Stack

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinliang Yuan ◽  
Bin Zhu ◽  
Ramesh K. Shah ◽  
Bengt Sunde´n
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cell ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Intermediate Temperature ◽  
Innovative Technology ◽  
Direct Oxidation ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Ceramic Fuel Cell ◽  
Ceramic Fuel

Recent development in the advanced ceramic fuel cell (CFC), working at intermediate temperature 600–700°C, brings up feasibility and new opportunity to employ renewable fuels with this innovative technology. It may offer a better solution concerning environment, natural resources and development of our civil society. Moreover, direct oxidation of hydrocarbon fuels at intermediate temperature possesses great advantage in avoiding complex and expensive external reforming process. This paper presents modeling and analysis of an intermediate temperature CFC stack. The model is a general one to evaluate the stack performance for the purpose of optimal design and/or configuration based on the specified electrical power or fuel supply rate, except that the Tafel coefficients are adjusted and/or obtained to match experimental data. The energy and gas flow data obtained from the investigation can be further used to identify the heat exchanger network configurations and optimal operating conditions using process integration techniques. The model can be applied as a stand alone one, or implemented into an overall energy system modeling for the purpose of system study.

Potential Sealing Effects of Permanent Casing Deformation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sohrab Gheibi ◽  
Sigbjørn Sangesland ◽  
Lucas C. Sevillano ◽  
Martin Horák
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Gas Flow ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Permanent Deformation ◽  
External Pressure ◽  
Positive Role ◽  
Impermeable Barrier ◽  
Cement Sheath ◽  
Casing Deformation ◽  
Cement Plug

Abstract Permanent plugging and abandonment (P&A) of oil- and gas wells requires proper sealing between the formation and the casing as well as proper sealing inside the casing. The cement sheath in the annulus is intended to function as an “impermeable” barrier. Typically, shrinkage of cement sheath takes place when the cement sets and a microannulus (MA) may be formed. In addition, cyclic pressure and temperature variations may result in cracks and debonding of the cement sheath. This paper investigates the possibility of improved cement sealing imposed by permanent deformation of the casing, thus providing a mechanical compression force to the cement and thus closing the MA when performing P&A. Two experimental setups were designed in this context. The first setup termed casing/cement plug test, where the casing is contracted by an external pressure and simultaneous measurement of the flow rate through the setup. The second setup is termed casing/cement annular test where the casing is internally pressurized while the gas flow rate is measured. Nonlinear finite element analyses were carried out to simulate the two test setups. The numerical results showed an acceptable agreement with the observations in the lab. The second setup was not tested in the lab, but simulated using the FEM code. The numerical analyses indicated that the same concept of casing permanent deformation is also relevant for the annular test. It is shown that the micro-annulus formed due to cycles of pressurization/depressurization as a result of inelastic deformations in the cement can be repaired by inducing permanent deformation in the casing to some extent. Finally, we concluded that permanent casing deformation could play a positive role in favour of closing the micro-annuli in P&A operations.

FEA Based Simplified Integrated Analysis for Mudmat Design

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Srigiriraju ◽  
Arindam Chakraborty ◽  
Burak Ozturk ◽  
Devvrat Rathore
Keyword(s):  
Traditional Approach ◽  
Limit Equilibrium ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
American Petroleum Institute ◽  
Integrated Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Simplified Approach ◽  
Artificial Boundary Conditions ◽  
Limit Equilibrium Methods ◽  
Fea Model

Abstract The objective of this study is to explore the opportunity to improve the design and sizing of mudmat for subsea structures, such as Pipeline End Termination (PLET). This is done by comparing the traditional approach following the limit equilibrium methods in API RP 2GEO with a more rigorous simplified integrated analysis approach that involves a single finite element analysis (FEA) model that includes both the pipeline and jumpers together along with the soil-mudmat interaction modeled as non-linear springs, and to quantify any conservatism inherent in the traditional approach. A mudmat design with aspect ratio of 1:2 was considered for detailed analysis. Initially, jumper and pipeline loads were determined by imposing artificial boundary conditions at the hubs and end terminals. Using analytical methods and considering a total dead (submerged) weight of the mudmat and superstructure, a mudmat size was determined per the American Petroleum Institute (API) approach. Factor of Safety (FOS) for bearing and sliding loads were also determined. Thereon, using this mudmat size, the FOS for bearing and sliding were determined using the simplified integrated approach with nonlinear springs representing soil-mudmat interactions. The FOS values using the simplified approach were observed to be higher than those obtained using the traditional approach. This provides an opportunity for a “leaner” design, especially as new high pressure, high temperature (HPHT) fields are made feasible where the mudmat size, if designed with conservatism in API RP 2GEO, may be impractically large for installation.

scholarly journals Recurrent Neural Network Model Based on a New Regularization Technique for Real-Time Intrusion Detection in SDN Environments

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marwan Ali Albahar
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Network Security ◽  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Recurrent Neural Network ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Regularization Technique ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Minimum Number ◽  
Sdr Model

Software-defined networking (SDN) is a promising approach to networking that provides an abstraction layer for the physical network. This technology has the potential to decrease the networking costs and complexity within huge data centers. Although SDN offers flexibility, it has design flaws with regard to network security. To support the ongoing use of SDN, these flaws must be fixed using an integrated approach to improve overall network security. Therefore, in this paper, we propose a recurrent neural network (RNN) model based on a new regularization technique (RNN-SDR). This technique supports intrusion detection within SDNs. The purpose of regularization is to generalize the machine learning model enough for it to be performed optimally. Experiments on the KDD Cup 1999, NSL-KDD, and UNSW-NB15 datasets achieved accuracies of 99.5%, 97.39%, and 99.9%, respectively. The proposed RNN-SDR employs a minimum number of features when compared with other models. In addition, the experiments also validated that the RNN-SDR model does not significantly affect network performance in comparison with other options. Based on the analysis of the results of our experiments, we conclude that the RNN-SDR model is a promising approach for intrusion detection in SDN environments.

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