A Review of Downhole Wireless Technologies and Improvements

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brett Bouldin ◽  
Ahmed AlShmakhy ◽  
Ahmed Khaled Bazuhair ◽  
Muzoon Hasan Alzaabi ◽  
Jarl André Fellinghaug
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Wireless Telemetry

Abstract Downhole wireless communication in the form of mud pulse telemetry enabled directional drilling over the past 60 years and has been hugely successful. Technologies like Measurement While Drilling (MWD), Logging While Drilling (LWD), and Geosteering would simply not exist without it. But in the Production and Producing end of the business, applications for downhole wireless communication have been less clear, especially where long distances and long-term monitoring are concerned. Several wireless technologies are in use today for long-term production applications. Electromagnetic (EM), acoustic, and pressure pulse telemetries are finding application as wireless production gauges, drill stem test tools, and drilling alternatives to pressure pulse. But the large-scale vision of, "Breaking the Wire!" in production wells has not yet occurred. Permanent Downhole Gauges (PDG) with an umbilical to surface are still the product of choice for long-term production monitoring. A history of wireless approaches in production applications will be given and the different methods used in the industry will be explained. A comparison and contrast of wireless telemetry methods will be explored, explained, and evaluated. Advantages and disadvantages will be listed for each approach. A ranking system will be employed to illustrate the evaluation results of the different wireless telemetry methods. New variants for wireless telemetry, power supplies, and measurement methods will be proposed. Preferred applications for each gauge type will be given. Downhole gauges can be improved by integrating pressure pulse, a downhole power generator, and downhole flow rate measurement into a single unit. The overall size can be ten times shorter than existing systems while still generating a larger wireless signal. Such a system would make wireless downhole gauges much more practical and should significantly increase their uptake in the industry. Real-time measurement of downhole pressure and downhole flow rate transforms the accuracy and effectiveness of Pressure Transient Analysis (PTA). Better reservoir understanding can be gained by using only drawdown tests, without shutting in the well. Smaller tools are generally more cost effective.

scholarly journals Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in Italian adolescents: a cost-effective health opportunity

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Panatto ◽  
P Landa ◽  
D Amicizia ◽  
P L Lai ◽  
E Lecini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Vaccination Strategy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dose Schedule ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Invasive Disease ◽  
International Setting ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Invasive disease due to Neisseria meningitidis (Nm) is a serious public health problem even in developed countries, owing to its high lethality rate (8-15%) and the invalidating sequelae suffered by many (up to 60%) survivors. As the microorganism is transmitted via the airborne route, the only available weapon in the fight against Nm invasive disease is vaccination. Our aim was to carry out an HTA to evaluate the costs and benefits of anti-meningococcal B (MenB) vaccination with Trumenba® in adolescents in Italy, while also considering the impact of this new vaccination strategy on organizational and ethics aspects. Methods A lifetime Markov model was developed. MenB vaccination with the two-dose schedule of Trumenba® in adolescents was compared with 'non-vaccination'. Two perspectives were considered: the National Health Service (NHS) and society. Three disease phases were defined: acute, post-acute and long-term. Epidemiological, economic and health utilities data were taken from Italian and international literature. The analysis was conducted by means of Microsoft Excel 2010®. Results Our study indicated that vaccinating adolescents (11th year of life) with Trumenba® was cost-effective with an ICER = € 7,912/QALY from the NHS perspective and € 7,758/QALY from the perspective of society. Vaccinating adolescents reduces the number of cases of disease due to meningococcus B in one of the periods of highest incidence of the disease, resulting in significant economic and health savings. Conclusions This is the first study to evaluate the overall impact of free MenB vaccination in adolescents both in Italy and in the international setting. Although cases of invasive disease due to meningococcus B are few, if the overall impact of the disease is adequately considered, it becomes clear that including anti-meningococcal B vaccination into the immunization program for adolescents is strongly recommended from the health and economic standpoints. Key messages Free, large-scale MenB vaccination is key to strengthening the global fight against invasive meningococcal disease. Anti-meningococcal B vaccination in adolescents is a cost-effective health opportunity.

scholarly journals A Study Wireless Communication Domain

2011 ◽  
pp. 82-86
Author(s):  
Sangram Routray ◽  
Lalit M. Satapathy ◽  
Sanjib k. Nayak
Keyword(s):  
Wireless Communication ◽  
Embedded Systems ◽  
Short Range ◽  
Remote Access ◽  
Wireless Technologies ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Recent Developments

Wireless communication seem destined to make a large and continuing impact on our lives. Recent developments in wireless technologies provide a new channel for implementation of embedded systems with remote access for mobile and non-mobile products and services. Several wireless technologies are available with their own advantages and disadvantages. This paper examines several available short-range wireless technologies and evaluates them for embedded systems.

GROUP COGNITIVE THERAPY: TREATMENT OF CHOICE OR SUB-OPTIMAL OPTION?

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norma Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Group Therapy ◽  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Quality Of Therapy ◽  
Group Format ◽  
Cognitive Behavioural ◽  
Therapy Treatment

In the present climate of limited resources and long waiting lists, it is not surprising that there is more emphasis on making sure that psychological treatments are not only clinically sound but also cost-effective. One solution to this is to provide time-limited, focused interventions such as cognitive therapy. Another obvious solution is to deliver treatment in groups rather than individually. However, what evidence is there that therapy can be delivered as effectively in groups as individually? This review will look at which different formats have been tried, what the advantages and disadvantages of those formats might be, which client groups have been targeted for cognitive- behavioural group therapy (CBGT), and whether a group format in general offers any advantages over individual CBT. Outcome studies and their implications for the use of CBGT are considered. Results suggest that, in most client groups, there is little difference in efficacy between group and individual CBT, although there is some evidence that results for some types of patient can be disappointing in CBGT. It may be that the best compromise in terms of cost- effectiveness between quality of therapy and quantity of patients treated is offered by large-scale psychoeducational didactic group therapy.

scholarly journals The use of relaxation methods in the WRF model for the analysis of meteorological conditions in Ukraine over a long period

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 30-42
Author(s):  
O.V. Khalchenkov ◽  
◽  
I.V. Kovalets ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Meteorological Conditions ◽  
Optimal Combination ◽  
Relaxation Methods ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Surface Measurements

The possibility of using grid and spectral relaxation methods and other options in the WRF mesoscale model for long-term continuous calculations has been investigated. Results of comparison of selected me-teorological parameters with surface measurements are presented. The basic recommendations for select-ing the optimal combination of long-term calculation parameters are given. The use of the selected param-eters allowed to obtain continuous meteorological fields over a long period (several months), which are well consistent with surface measurements, retain large scale synoptic structures and have a deviation from measurements commensurate with the results of short-term simulations over corresponding time peri-od. The selected optimal combination of parameters allowed us to perform continuous calculation for the period from January 1, 2019 to November 6, 2019 without accumulating errors. In a long-run calculation of meteorological conditions in Ukraine with spatial resolution 0.15 deg. for a temperature at a height of 2 meters was obtained a mean absolute error of MAE=2,05 ºC, a correlation coefficient of Corr=0,97, for a wind speed at a height of 10 meters of MAE=1.4 m/s, of Corr=0,75, and for a wind direction at a height of 10 meters of MAE=24,6 degrees, Corr=0,66. The influence of the parametrizations of the underlying sur-face and the active soil layer on the quality of calculation of meteorological fields is studied. Using the option to update the water surface temperature allowed to reduce the MAE for the temperature from 2,17 ºС to 2,05 ºС. Each of the investigated surface models showed its advantages and disadvantages. The pa-rameterizations RUC and NOAH LSM showed good agreement with the measurements for all studied pa-rameters and can be recommended for use in long-term continuous calculations. A long calculation made it possible to describe the process of accumulation and melting of snow correctly, and made it possible to reproduce the temperature of the upper soil layer correctly as well. The paper shows that the disadvantage of long- term calculations is the inability to determine the temperature of the lower layers of the soil cor-rectly.

scholarly journals Celebrity endorsements versus created spokespersons in advertising: a survey among students

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-114 ◽  
Author(s):  
Delarey Van der Waldt ◽  
M M van Loggerenberg ◽  
L Wehmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Measurement Scale ◽  
Visual Images ◽  
Celebrity Endorsements ◽  
Advertising Strategy ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Negative Publicity ◽  
Financial Losses ◽  
Celebrity Endorsers

In this study the use of endorsements in advertising was investigated.  Endorsements can either be in the form of a celebrity acting as a spokesperson for an organisation or the organisation can create a spokesperson to act as an endorser.  The problem that faces marketers is that little scientific proof exists if students perceive celebrity endorsements and creative spokespersons differently with regard to their expertise and trustworthiness.  The aim of this study was to determine the attitudes of respondents with regard to expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness of created spokesperson and celebrity endorsements in advertisements. This knowledge will provide marketing professionals with the strategic advantage of how and when to make use of an endorser.Ohanian’s (1990) measurement scale of perceived expertise, trustworthiness and attractiveness was adopted in a self-administrative questionnaire for this article.  Respondents (n=185) were exposed to six visual images of endorsers namely:  three celebrities and three created spokespersons.  It was found that attractiveness should not be used as a factor when comparing created endorsers with celebrity endorsers.  The respondents perceived both endorsement applications as highly credible and professionals need to consider each application’s advantages and disadvantages when deciding which application will be more effective for their advertising strategy.  In the long term the organisation might find it more cost effective to create its own spokesperson due to the risk of possible characteristics changes or negative associations of celebrity endorsers.  Revoking advertisements after celebrity endorsers have received negative publicity or changed character can lead to great financial losses.  Created endorsers, on the other hand, provide the organisation with greater control and the ability to change to adapt to the organisations market and advertising needs.

scholarly journals Specific speed-based pump flow rate estimator for large-scale and long-term energy efficiency auditing

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1279-1291
Author(s):  
Santeri Pöyhönen ◽  
Tero Ahonen ◽  
Jero Ahola ◽  
Pekka Punnonen ◽  
Simo Hammo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Efficiency ◽  
Flow Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Pump Flow ◽  
Pump Flow Rate ◽  
Term Energy ◽  
Specific Speed

Field Tests on the Application of Oscillation Tool with a Fluidic Amplifier to Directional Well Drilling

2015 ◽  
Vol 741 ◽  
pp. 599-602
Author(s):  
Jiang Fu He ◽  
He Liu ◽  
Kun Yin ◽  
Xin Gan
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Pressure Pulse ◽  
Field Tests ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Directional Drilling ◽  
Drilling Tool ◽  
Well Drilling ◽  
Operation Process ◽  
Drilling Tools ◽  
Drilling Technology

The directional well drilling technology is extensively utilized and developed throughout the world. However, series of drilling problems occurred in the operation process of directional drilling. In order to reduce the friction of drilling tools, an oscillation tool with a fluidic amplifier has been field tested, and the pressure pulse of oscillation tool has been obtained. Field test results have shown that the oscillation tool has an extensive flexibility to directional well drilling, and the oscillation tool could stably actuate the drilling tool to have reciprocating vibration, which contributes to the friction and drag reduction of drilling tools. Furthermore, it can be concluded that the pressure pulse value generated by pumped fluid varies with input flow rate, and the pressure of oscillation tool increases while the flow rate is increasing. In addition, the motion frequency of the oscillation tool is exponentially increasing with the raise of pumped flow rate.

scholarly journals Analysis of river bed variation using SSARR and RMA-2 models

Smart Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ju Ha Hwang ◽  
Seung Jin Maeng ◽  
Hyung San Kim ◽  
Seung Wook Lee
Keyword(s):  
Flow Rate ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Comprehensive Evaluation ◽  
Flood Damage ◽  
Artificial Structures ◽  
River Bed ◽  
Reservoir Regulation ◽  
Regulation Model ◽  
Flood Flow

AbstractFuture changes in river bed were predicted under the assumption that flow velocity of past and changes in flow rate at upstream river due to construction of large-scale artificial structures downstream occur in the future. Therefore, the long-term runoff volume from the downstream part of Hosan Stream was estimated using the SSARR (Stream Synthesis and Reservoir Regulation Model). Changes in the river bed were simulated using RMA-2 and SED-2D, which are hydraulic models. As a result, it was found that the river bed variation is significantly affected by the inclusion of sediment in flood flow at upstream. A comprehensive evaluation of above results revealed that the river width has significantly affected flow rate, and the inclusion of sediment in flood flow from the upstream has a huge effect on changes in the riverbed. In this regard, there is a need to devise measures to mitigate future flood damage to artificial structures by reflecting sedimentation trends downstream before the construction of large-scale artificial structures at downstream of river.

Enhanced Spatial–Temporal Map-Based Video Analytic Platform and Its Local- Versus Cloud-Based Deployment with Regional 511 Camera Network

2021 ◽  
pp. 036119812110363
Author(s):  
Yi Ge ◽  
Peter J. Jin ◽  
Tianya Zhang ◽  
Jonathan Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Computer Vision ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Splitting Algorithm ◽  
Lane Changes ◽  
Traffic Video ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Vision Algorithm ◽  
Traffic Detection

This paper explores the cloud- versus server-based deployment scenarios of an enhanced computer vision platform for potential deployment on low-resolution 511 traffic video streams. An existing computer vision algorithm based on a spatial–temporal map and designed for high-angle traffic video like that of NGSIM (Next Generation SIMulation) is enhanced for roadside CCTV traffic camera angles. Because of the lower visual angle, determining the directions, splitting vehicles from occlusions, and identifying lane changes become difficult. A motion-flow-based direction determination method, a bisection occlusion detection and splitting algorithm, and a lane-change tracking method are proposed. The model evaluation is conducted by using videos from multiple cameras from the New Jersey Department of Transportation’s 511 traffic video surveillance system. The results show promising performance in both accuracy and computational efficiency for potential large-scale cloud deployment. The cost analysis reveals that at the current pricing model of cloud computing, the cloud-based deployment is more convenient and cost-effective for an on-demand network assessment. In contrast, the dedicated-server-based deployment is more economical for long-term traffic detection deployment.

Cyclic CO2 Capture Behavior of Limestone Modified by Qinghai Lake Salt During Long-Term Calcium Looping Cycles

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongqing Xu ◽  
Haoran Ding ◽  
Cong Luo ◽  
Ying Zheng ◽  
Qiyao Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Co2 Capture ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Salt Water ◽  
Fixed Bed ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Fixed Bed Reactor ◽  
Qinghai Lake ◽  
Impregnation Method

A modified sorbent was prepared by a novel hydration-impregnation method. Results indicated that hydrating with salt water can obtain enhanced capacity of the sorbents during multiple calcination/carbonation reactions. After 40 cycles, the modified limestone sorbent doped with 2wt% lake salt remained a CO2 capture capacity of 0.34 g of CO2 of sorbent, which was 150% higher than that of natural limestone. XRF and XRD were tested for analyzing the chemical component of the sorbents. A Fixed-bed reactor was applied to test the absorption characteristics of those sorbents. SEM analysis revealed that macropores in this novel sorbent were relatively stable during long-term cycles. A preliminary economic analysis of different modified calcium-based sorbents was conducted, and the results demonstrated that limestone modified by lake salt is a promising scheme for large-scale sorbent production, which is a well cost-effective and pollution free scenario suitable for industrial promotion. (CSPE)

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