One approach to solving the problem of pricing in the residential real estate market

A stage when an average value began to be considered as a central term of a continuous propor-tion is considered to be the beginning of the development of the «average value» concept. How-ever, this concept, as the central value of the progression, does not make it possible to derive it in relation to a sequence of n terms, regardless of the order in which they follow each other. For this purpose, it is necessary to resort to a formal generalization of average values which prede-termined the transition from continuous proportions to progressions – arithmetic, geometric and harmonic. Currently, a statistical value is given to the average value through its connection to economic categories. In the mathematical theory of average values, there are distinguished two types of them – average values themselves and arithmetic average values. At the same time, each type of average values can act either in the form of a simple or weighted average where the correct choice of the form of the average follows from the material nature of the object of study. Simple average formulas are used in cases where the individual values of the averaged feature do not repeat. If the frequency of repetition of individual values of a feature is present in the calculation formulas of averages, then in this case the formulas of simple averages are called as formulas of weighted averages. With the respect to it, the paper proposes an approach to the description of average socio-economic indicators, using the example of the indicator «Average market value of a square meter of housing» in the real estate market in a hypothetical region by averaging prices based on their weighted average assessment in a particular area. Within the framework of this approach, the distribution function of the weights of housing costs is identified as a self-similar solution (automodel) of a partial differential equation with initial and boundary conditions.

The use of information technologies in risk management for the flight safety of aviation

At present, the problem of ensuring the necessary level of state aviation flights safety in terms of hu-man and organizational factors is very urgent. Despite the ongoing measures aimed at expanding and strengthening control over the processes of aviation activity, flight incidents caused by insufficient reli-ability of personnel work and organizational errors continue to occupy leading positions. There is an in-sufficient efficiency of the flight safety management system to identify hazardous factors in their latent stage, which is necessary for the early prevention of accidents. The difficulty of timely identification of the aviation system dangerous states associated with these factors is due to the need to account, corre-late and analyze data of a very large dimension and multifacetedness. According to the authors, a suc-cessful solution to this problem is possible through the use of automated processing and cognitive com-bination of large heterogeneous information arrays based on centralized electronic systems for collect-ing, information and analytical processing and storage of information about the functioning of the avia-tion system, identified abnormal and dangerous conditions, and incidents that have already occurred. The article presents the concept of creating a promising automated flight safety management system for state aviation. The proposed system will make it possible to implement the principle of proactive detec-tion and prevention of hazardous factors and risks for flight safety, taking into account human and or-ganizational factors, based on the implementation of processes for centralized collection, generalization and analysis of big data on the state of the aviation system. Topical scientific tasks for the creation of a methodological basis for the development of special software for such an automated system have been formulated.

Radio and microprocessor technology for ensuring railway transport safety.

The need to minimize losses and accidents is an important factor in sustainable technical development. One of the industries characterized by a high level of danger is rail transport. This problem changes its scale with the increase in the number of vehicles, its traffic intensity and speed. Another special diffi-culty is that significant infrastructural development, which involves the construction of a large number of complex and expensive facilities such as interchanges, overpasses and underpasses, is impossible in today's economic environment. Therefore, there are some promising solutions aimed at developing and implementing a new class of systems that provide a high level of safety and are able to correct negative accident statistics and solve the problem of not harming people's lives on rail transport. The article is devoted to the problem of traffic safety at railway crossings, railway crosswalks and in the work areas of service personnel. An information approach aimed at improving traffic safety and timely informing road users about emergencies and dangerous situations in their area approach is developed in the work. It is offered to solve the mentioned above tasks at the expense of the creation of digital information systems of a new class. The main differences between the created systems are the use of microprocessor systems, wireless communications and energy-saving technologies. The systems themselves must meet modern requirements for reliability, fault tolerance, and dependability. The article describes some basic options for the implementation of control and information systems for railway crossings «Blagovist», railway crosswalks «Blagovist-Р» and for a mobile system for service personnel working on the tracks «Blago-vist-SP». The systems have technologies for autonomous operation and wireless transmission of infor-mation.

Determining the relevance of information obtained from some search and reference services located on the web platform.

The article analyzes some possibilities of a quick determination of the relevance of information obtained from some search and reference services located on various web platforms. An important feature to ensure the survivability of the information on the Internet for reference and search services has been identified. This feature consists in providing services to an array of sample data to verify information obtained from primary sources or through the mechanism of following links, which confirm the information or provide an answer to the request in case of failure. It is proposed to consider a search service or some reference platforms using the production rules of if-THEN structures, depending on the available facts. An indicator of the effectiveness of the formalized information is derived through a determinant of the level of the information error when processing it under the conditions of uncertainty, providing that the determinant highlights the data that is not enough to describe the object of the re-quest, and that there may be a solution to system problems among the data. Its representation through some estimated values is given. When developing a search or reference service on a web platform using the proposed approach, such services will hold not just arrays of information structured by topic, but formed arrays of information based on symbolic transformations using both general and separate schemes for displaying information on the request, as well as with the ability to reformulate tasks and queries with the aim of getting the most complete and different information on the request. A mecha-nism for detecting truth and falsity when receiving responses to the request from a service according to the rules of fuzzy logic, when understanding the set can be replaced by understanding the characteristic function, is proposed. An example of an algorithmic implementation is provided as well. All stated above can be used to optimize reference and search services on web platforms, improve the work of search engines and various distributed information processing services.

The use of meeting protocols at the stages of its life cycle

The article is devoted to the issues of automation of servicing the meetings activities which include its preparation, holding and real-time recording. The article proposes a method for conducting and record-ing meetings, regardless of the meeting topic, its language and area of use. The formation and applica-tion of the meeting protocols in the proposed method differs from previous solutions. The meeting pro-tocol is formed from the initial protocol and is displayed in a compact and convenient form on the ad-ministrator's control panel as a meeting plan that can be adjusted and supplemented under the adminis-trator’s control. During the meeting the administrator can change the agenda presented in the meeting plan. In the course of the meeting, its plan and a corresponding text document known as «a protocol» are synchronously supplemented by the objects of discussion that are flexibly constructed during the discussions and were described in previous works. The text document – «protocol» – is formed both at the beginning and during the meeting, and can be used on any PC in the local network regardless of the time and the day when the meeting is to be held. The proposed approach can be used to conduct unreg-ulated ad hoc meetings in SM systems. Owing to the capabilities of the proposed software shell, a «cur-rent» application for the meeting servicing is created from the text documents prepared for the current meeting. The proposed method can be applied in various fields: education, medicine (including tracking of epidemics), military, etc. Moreover, each unique application without the participation of a program-mer will be created from the texts prepared by an appropriate specialist, and the applied method will en-sure the synchronization of the protocols of various processes. In terms of its capabilities, the proposed method for the meeting servicing is comparable to a popular system Meeting King, but this method, in its turn, allows people to conduct and record meetings in any language, and use it to support and log other processes as well.

Software and hardware infrastructure of a terrestrial autonomous platform with the elements of artificial intelligence.

Due to modern microcomputers and platforms based on microprocessors such as, for example, Raspberry Pi, Orange Pi, Nano Pi, Rock Pi, Banana Pi, Asus Tinker Board – the development of prototypes of em-bedded systems is possible in a «design» mode. The software part is implemented on the basis of operat-ing systems and standard technologies based on well-known programming languages such as C / C++, Python, C#, Java, etc. In such case the control channel for the embedded system can be either imple-mented via a web service separated by a communication channel or controlled independently. It is im-portant to understand that creating an embedded system on a standard platform is much more expensive than buying a ready-made mass-produced device with the same functionality. Therefore, it makes sense to use platforms like the Raspberry Pi mainly for individual artificial devices. If it is necessary to build a project of embedded systems and there is a problem with choosing a hardware platform for the client side, then currently there is a wide range of boards and solutions for building an efficient and inexpen-sive system using ready-made modules. The number of expansion cards and various sensors, video cam-eras, internet connection via Ethernet, Wi-Fi and Bluetooth provides a wide range of opportunities for building almost any solution based on this component base. The foundation can be made within a small budget, with minimal time spent, using large blocks and ready-made libraries for programming embed-ded systems. This article presents the results of research and development work on the creation of a software and hardware infrastructure of a terrestrial platform with the elements of artificial intelligence. Based on the actual results of the research, a deployment diagram and a component diagram of such an infrastructure have been constructed.

Managing multiple satellite architectures by spatial grasp technology

The paper reviews some advanced space projects oriented on many satellites moving around the globe in low Earth orbits, and investigates how to organize their collective operation for solving important world problems, especially those related to global security and defense. It analyzes the application of the developed Spatial Grasp model and Technology (SGT), successfully tested on numerous applications, for simulation and management of multiple satellite architectures. Of particular interest is the latest Space Development Agency Next-Generation Space Architecture that uses a great number of cooperating satellites organized on different layers, which appears to be much more advanced than the known Strategic Defense Initiative project of the eighties. SGT is based on mobile recursive scenarios in a special high-level Spatial Grasp Language (SGL) which can self-navigate and self-match distributed environments while leaving throughout them powerful spatial infrastructures capable of solving any distributed problems. Providing basics of the latest SGT version, the paper describes examples of solutions in it of such problems as distributed tracing and elimination of complexly moving cruise missiles and hypersonic gliders, organization of effective custody layer which will be able to observe not only localized dangerous objects on the Earth but also any distributed terrestrial infrastructures as a whole. It also shows how to introduce a higher virtual layer for satellite constellation which may simplify formulation and solution of many problems in both terrestrial and celestial environments, including advanced command and control of complex national and international operations and campaigns from space.

Modeling of neutron flux density anomalies in the automated system of «Shelter» Object’s nu-clear safety control.

Analysis of the dynamics of neutron flux density (NFD) from fuel-containing masses (FCM) in the «Shelter» Object shows the presence of values that exceed the average values for different observation periods. Identification of such values by the criterion of «anomaly / non-anomaly» will allow excluding uninformative events from the array of observations. Or, in the case of the anomaly confirmation, it will allow forming effective actions for decision-making in order to eliminate the consequences of such events. To solve the problem of detecting anomalous measurements, now there is utilized the theory of statistical solutions which is based on the use of parametric methods. The utilization of these methods requires a priori information about the nature of the distribution of the measured process and its parameters. In order to find an effec-tive solution to the problem of detecting and eliminating anomalous measurements, it is necessary to know the statistical characteristics of normal and anomalous components. This paper proposes statistical criteria for estimating anomalies in time series of NFD which have different approaches to the formation of observation intervals, power and reliability of anomaly detection. Depending on the type of distribution of the array of observations, a set of criteria is proposed. These criteria are most expedient to use when checking the anomaly of series levels for the exponential distribution, the Poisson and Weibull distribution. The capacity of the criteria has been evaluated depending on the sample size. The article defines the accuracy of determination of anomalies by criteria with the known values of the mean and dispersion in the studied sample. As the result, it is recommended to use the Grubbs test to study the anomaly of the sample levels with n>700, and the Dixon and Smolyak-Titarenko criteria for the samples with n<50. The utilization of optimal criteria depending on the characteristics of the studied samples will increase the mathematical significance of the obtained results and, as a result, will improve the quality of management decisions and nuclear safety on the «Shelter» Object as a whole.

The theory of situational management and the practice of its implementation for the Basic Modeling Complex of the security and defense sector.

The article is focused on the principles of situational management, situational centers in man-agement systems, the legal basis of the creation and functioning of the system of public authori-ties’ situational centers. The paper addresses the following issues of the theory of the security and defense sector situational management construction (SDC): foundations, means and tech-nologies of situational management, the necessity to use situational centers (SC) in manage-ment, the concept of the creation of a SCs network, features typical for the SC of public authori-ties of the security and defense sector. The practice of situational management creation is shown on the example of the Basic Modeling Complex (BMC). The paper describes the re-quirements and decisions regarding the organizational and functional structures that were taken into account when creating the complex. The features of the creation of the general structure of the BMC and the composition of the set of means for its automation have been analyzed, and «Assessment of risks and threats to the security and defense sector» and «Support for the work and interaction of officials of situational centers in decision-making» models have been de-scribed. The structure and mathematical methods used for the operation of models have been revealed. To sum up, the use of methods and systems of situational management, which com-bine technologies to support decision-making, storage, processing, concentrated display and presentation of information, radically changes the principles of analysis, discussion and solu-tion of large-scale and complex management problems. SCs of state authorities of Ukraine, the creation of which has recently intensified, should be integrated into a united network of the SCs of the SDS. The requirements for the integration, including requirements at the level of infor-mation exchange, must be taken into account.

Development of space-based distributed systems under spatial grasp technology.

Many governmental agencies and private companies of different countries are now rushing into space around Earth in the hope to provide smart communication, industrial, security and defense solutions. This often involves massive launches of small cheap satellites which are also contributing to the growth of space debris. The current paper discusses how the developed high-level system philosophy and model can effectively organize distributed space-based systems on different stages of their development and growth. The briefed Spatial Grasp Technology, based on parallel pattern-matching of distributed environments with high-level recursive mobile code, can effectively provide any networking protocols and important applications of large satellite constellations, especially those in low Earth orbits. The article gives some examples of technology-based solutions for establishing basic communications between satellites, starting from their initial, often chaotic, launches and distributing and collecting data in the growing constellations with even unstable and rapidly changing connections between satellites. It describes how to organize and register networking topologies in case of predictable distances between satellites, and how the fixed networking structures can help in solving complex problems. The latter includes those related to the new Space Development Agency’s multiple-satellite defense-oriented architecture and allows for effective integration of its continuous Earth custody observation and cooperative missile tracking and elimination layers, based on self-spreading mobile intelligence. Earlier versions of the technology, described in many papers, six books including, were prototyped and used in different countries, with the current one quickly implementable too, even in university-based environments.