Acoustic MEMS Transducers: Look Ahead of the Bit and Geopressure Monitoring

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel Turolla ◽  
Massimo Zampato ◽  
Stefano Carminati ◽  
Paolo Ferrara
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Triaxial Compression ◽  
Acoustic Power ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Environmental Pressure ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Mems Technology

Abstract This paper describes the design and implementation of Acoustic Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (hereinafter referred to asA-MEMS)working in fluid-coupling mode for HP/HT specifications relevant to downhole applications such as drilling, well and reservoir monitoring. Many cutting edges applications ofA-MEMS in Oil & Gas industry are envisaged. The current work refers to the case study of a "Look Ahead of the Bit"/geopressure monitoring technique (hereinafter referred to asPPM) developed by the authors. A–MEMS with magnetic shuttle transducers have been designed so that they are not affected by environmental pressure like piezoelectric devices commonly used in MWD commercial sonic tools, which are impaired by volumetric shrinking/expansion working principle. This performance is also achieved by embedding an environmental pressure compensator tuned in the whole working bandwidth to grant pressure balance even with oscillatory motion at sonic frequencies (up to 5 kHz). Transmitter acoustic power and receiver sensitivity have been optimized in a bandwidth between 500 and 3500 Hz. A couple of A–MEMS prototypes have been built and successfully tested by using an oil filled pressure vessel at downhole T–P conditions (200 °C, 700bar) and an ad-hoc measurement setup including force, displacement, temperature sensors, transmitter (TX) driver, receiver (RX) lock-in amplifier and anacquisition system. Moreover, modal analysis at typical drilling conditions has been carried out by Stewart platform. Shock up to 1000 g and random vibrations up to 12 g RMS in 5 ÷400 Hz bandwidth have been tested. A–MEMS performance have turned out to be consistent with theoretical model predictions andhave exhibited robustness to T P variations and applied structural stress. PPM method has been validated through a triaxial compression cell in a rock mechanics laboratory, implementing a lab scale scenario with a cap rock located above a permeable rock, undergoing all geopressures of interest. However, piezo transducers used in the experiment underwent a significant failure/damage rate along with performance degrading at pressure increasing. These observations confirmed and motivated the need for A-MEMS technology development in downhole applications.

scholarly journals Dynamic Modeling and Anti-Disturbing Control of an Electromagnetic MEMS Torsional Micromirror Considering External Vibrations in Vehicular LiDAR

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 69
Author(s):  
Yong Hua ◽  
Shuangyuan Wang ◽  
Bingchu Li ◽  
Guozhen Bai ◽  
Pengju Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Dynamic Model ◽  
Optical Switching ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Sliding Mode ◽  
Algorithm Design ◽  
Coupling Model ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Torsional Micromirror ◽  
Dynamic Coupling Model

Micromirrors based on micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology are widely employed in different areas, such as optical switching and medical scan imaging. As the key component of MEMS LiDAR, electromagnetic MEMS torsional micromirrors have the advantages of small size, a simple structure, and low energy consumption. However, MEMS micromirrors face severe disturbances due to vehicular vibrations in realistic use situations. The paper deals with the precise motion control of MEMS micromirrors, considering external vibration. A dynamic model of MEMS micromirrors, considering the coupling between vibration and torsion, is proposed. The coefficients in the dynamic model were identified using the experimental method. A feedforward sliding mode control method (FSMC) is proposed in this paper. By establishing the dynamic coupling model of electromagnetic MEMS torsional micromirrors, the proposed FSMC is evaluated considering external vibrations, and compared with conventional proportion-integral-derivative (PID) controls in terms of robustness and accuracy. The simulation experiment results indicate that the FSMC controller has certain advantages over a PID controller. This paper revealed the coupling dynamic of MEMS micromirrors, which could be used for a dynamic analysis and a control algorithm design for MEMS micromirrors.

Solvent-Based Polymer Swelling Characterization for the Development of the Nano/Micro-Particle Polymer Composite MEMS Corrosion Sensor

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feng Pan ◽  
Abdoul Kader Maiga ◽  
Po-Hao Adam Huang
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Products ◽  
Material Transport ◽  
Sensing Element ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Polymer Swelling ◽  
Corrosion Sensor ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
New Type ◽  
Oxide Removal

The concept of using Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) for in-situ corrosion sensing and for long-term applications has been proposed and is currently under development by our research lab. This is a new type of sensing using MEMS technology and, to the knowledge of our team, has not been explored previously. The MEMS corrosion sensor is based on the oxidation of metal nano/micro-particle embedded in elastomeric polymer to form a composite sensing element. The polymer controls the diffusion into and out of the sensor while the corrosion of the metal particles inhibits electrical conduction which is used as the detection signal. The work presented here is based on part of the methods developed for the removal of native and process-induced metal oxides. A major aspect is the study of the swelling dynamics of the polymer matrix (polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS) intended for enhancing material transport of etchants into and reaction products out of the composite during oxide removal. More specifically, the characterization of the swelling of copper particles-PDMS composite samples in liquid solvent baths is presented.

scholarly journals A Miniature Optical Force Dual-Axis Accelerometer Based on Laser Diodes and Small Particles Cavities

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1375
Author(s):  
Junji Pu ◽  
Kai Zeng ◽  
Yulie Wu ◽  
Dingbang Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Light Source ◽  
Optical System ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Measurement Range ◽  
Optical Force ◽  
Zero Bias ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Force Effect ◽  
High Measurement ◽  
Mems Technology

In recent years, the optical accelerometer based on the optical trapping force effect has gradually attracted the attention of researchers for its high sensitivity and high measurement accuracy. However, due to its large size and the complexity of optical path adjustment, the optical force accelerometers reported are only suitable for the laboratory environment up to now. In this paper, a miniature optical force dual-axis accelerometer based on the miniature optical system and a particles cavity which is prepared by Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology is proposed. The overall system of the miniature optical levitation including the miniature optical system and MEMS particles cavity is a cylindrical structure with a diameter of about 10 mm and a height of 33 mm (Φ 10 mm × 33 mm). Moreover, the size of this accelerometer is 200 mm × 100 mm × 100 mm. Due to the selected light source being a laser diode light source with elliptical distribution, it is sensitive to the external acceleration in both the long axis and the short axis. This accelerometer achieves a measurement range of ±0.17 g–±0.26 g and measurement resolution of 0.49 mg and 1.88 mg. The result shows that the short-term zero-bias stability of the two orthogonal axes of the optical force accelerometer is 4.4 mg and 9.2 mg, respectively. The main conclusion that can be drawn is that this optical force accelerometer could provide an effective solution for measuring acceleration with an optical force effect for compact engineering devices.

scholarly journals Προσαρμοστική επιδημική διάδοση σε ασύρματα αδόμητα δίκτυα

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Θεοφάνης Κοντός
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Service ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Proof Of Concept ◽  
One Stage ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Cross Layering

Το αντικείμενο της έρευνας αυτής είναι η επιδημική διάδοση (epidemic dissemination)πληροφορίας σε ασύρματα αδόμητα (ad hoc) δίκτυα με προσαρμοστικό τρόπο. Στό-χοι είναι η συμφιλίωση των απαιτήσεων για ευρεία διάδοση της πληροφορίας και γιαμειωμένο ενεργειακό κόστος, η εκτίμηση μιας βέλτιστης λύσης του προβλήματος αλ-λά και η επίτευξη της βέλτιστης απόδοσης στους εν λόγω τομείς με υψηλής ποιότηταςπληροφορία.Η προσαρμοστική επιδημική διάδοση (Π.Ε.Δ.) σε αδόμητα δίκτυα σε θορυβώδες περι-βάλλον είναι πρόβλημα με πολλές παραμέτρους.Με τη χρήση της διαστρωμάτωσης (cross-layering) με βάση την επίγνωση κατάστασηςκαναλιού μπορούν να κατασκευαστούν σχήματα προσαρμοστικής διάδοσης, τα οποίαεξοικονομούν ενέργεια διατηρώντας ταχεία και αποτελεσματική διάχυση πληροφορίαςή μόλυνση του δικτύου, σύμφωνα με την ορολογία της επιδημικής διάδοσης [1].Αυτού του είδους η αντιμετώπιση [1] είναι αναδραστική. Μπορεί όμως να σχεδιαστείμια εκδοχή σχημάτων με πρόβλεψη η οποία χρησιμοποιεί συναρτήσεις οφέλους για τηνπροσαρμογή των χαρακτηριστικών εκπομπής. Η προτεινόμενη λύση είναι μια απόδει-ξη της αρχής λειτουργίας (proof of concept, PoC) αυτής της ιδέας. Με την αντιμετώπισηαυτή εξοικονομείται ενέργεια ενώ και η διάχυση πληροφορίας είναι επιτυχής [2].Το πιο πάνω σχήμα μπορεί να ενισχυθεί με τη χρήση βελτιστοποίησης. Ελέγχονταςποια προσαρμογή είναι η πλέον σύμφορη σε κάθε χρονική στιγμή όπως στο [2], επι-τυγχάνεται μια έστω και «μυωπική» ορατότητα στο άμεσο μέλλον. Με τη χρήση τηςθεωρίας βέλτιστης παύσης (β.π.) μπορεί να αποκτηθεί καλύτερη ορατότητα σε βάθοςχρόνου και να προσεγγιστεί η βελτιστοποίηση. Η πραγματική βελτιστοποίηση εξαρτά-ται από την ικανοποίηση συνθηκών β.π. Αν αυτές δεν ικανοποιούνται πλήρως, τότεκαι οι αποκτώμενες λύσεις δεν είναι κατ’ ανάγκη βέλτιστες. Αυτό φαίνεται στην [3] μετη χρήση του κανόνα β.π. (one-stage-look-ahead, 1sla). Μπορεί να επιτευχθεί βελτί-ωση σε σχέση με μη προσαρμοστικές λύσεις ως προς την εξοικονόμηση ενέργειας. Ηευρεία μόλυνση του δικτύου εξακολουθεί να επιτυγχάνεται [3].Εξετάζεται στη συνέχεια ως πρόβλημα Π.Ε.Δ. ο χρονοπρογραμματισμός τακτικών εκ-πομπών. Η βελτιστοποίηση προσεγγίζεται με τη μετάβαση από αυστηρά περιοδικέςεκπομπές σε πλησιοπεριοδικό καθεστώς. Ο χρονοπρογραμματισμός πραγματοποιεί-ται με τη βοήθεια των ιδίων εργαλείων, δηλαδή διαστρωματικές συναρτήσεις οφέλουςκαι χρήση μηχανισμού β.π. Το πρόβλημα αυτό μοντελοποιείται ως κλασικό πρόβλημαγραμματέως, στο οποίο η χρήση β.π. προσφέρει βελτιστοποίηση. Σε σχέση με σχή-ματα χωρίς β.π. [2] και με μη προσαρμοστικά το σχήμα αυτό είναι αποδοτικότερο στηνεξοικονόμηση ενέργειας και επιτρέπει εξ ίσου επιτυχημένη μόλυνση του δικτύου. Είναιδυνατόν να συνυπολογιστεί και το ενεργειακό κόστος απόκτησης πληροφορίας κατά-στασης καναλιού (ΠΚΚ). Με τη βοήθεια αυτού του σχήματος, το δίκτυο συγκλίνει σεκατάσταση στην οποία το κόστος διάχυσης είναι σημαντικά ελαττωμένο ενώ σημαντικόποσοστό του εναπομένοντος κόστους οφείλεται στην ανάκτηση ΠΚΚ ([4]). Οι ακριβείςσυσχετισμοί εξαρτώνται από τις παραμέτρους του προβλήματος [4].Περαιτέρω θίγεται η δυνατότητα βελτίωσης της ποιότητας πληροφορίας με την αξιο-ποίηση σχημάτων σαν αυτό της [4]. Αρχικά θεωρείται ως ποιότητα η νεότητα της δια-χεόμενης πληροφορίας. Προτείνεται προσαρμογή των χαρακτηριστικών εκπομπής μεβάση τη νεότητα της μολύνουσας πληροφορίας με στόχο τη βελτίωση της μέσης ηλικί-ας της μολύνουσας τους κόμβους πληροφορίας. Με τον τρόπο αυτό εισάγεται η ιδέατης προσαρμογής των χαρακτηριστικών εκπομπής με βάση το περιεχόμενο της ίδιαςτης φερόμενης πληροφορίας.Ο μετριασμός των ευρυεκπομπών κατά τη φάση ανακάλυψης μονοπατιού στα πρω-τόκολλα δρομολόγησης είναι ένας ακόμη ελκυστικός στόχος και αντιμετωπίζεται σταπλαίσια του πρωτοκόλλου AODV. Εδώ αναδεικνύεται ο ανταγωνισμός μεταξύ εξοικο-νόμησης ενεργειακού κόστους και ταχείας εύρεσης πληροφορίας δρομολόγησης. Σεμια απόπειρα επέκτασης της τεχνικής στην εκπομπή της ίδιας της δρομολογούμενηςπληροφορίας (των δεδομένων δηλαδή), μεταπίπτουμε σε περιβάλλον μονοεκπομπών(unicast). Εδώ, ο μετριασμός εκπομπών μπορεί να έχει σοβαρές συνέπειες στη μετά-δοση πληροφορίας και καταδεικνύεται η ανάγκη εξέτασης του προβλήματος με τη βο-ήθεια μετρικών που εκφράζουν την έννοια της ποιότητας υπηρεσίας (quality of service,QoS) και κατ’ επέκταση της ποιότητας της πληροφορίας.Το εξεταζόμενο πρόβλημα χρονοπρογραμματισμού με την πρόσθετη νέα απαίτησηςτης βελτίωσης της ποιότητας πληροφορίας μπορεί να διατυπωθεί αυστηρά ως πρό-βλημα βέλτιστης παύσης με πεπερασμένο γνωστό ορίζοντα.Η ποιότητα πληροφορίας μπορεί να ορίζεται με βάση ιδιότητές της (όπως η νεότηταπου αναφέρθηκε) ή παραμέτρους του πρωτοκόλλου στα πλαίσια του οποίου γίνεται ηδιάχυσή της, όπως το TTL (time-to-live) στην περίπτωση του AODV.Έτσι η ποιότητα πληροφορίας αναδεικνύεται σε μια τρίτη συνιστώσα πέρα από το ε-νεργειακό κόστος και το ποσοστό μόλυνσης, η οποία λαμβάνει μέρος στον υπό εξέτασηαναδυόμενο ανταγωνισμό. Ανάλογα με την οριζόμενη ποιότητα πληροφορίας είναι δυ-νατή η εύρεση συμβιβασμού μεταξύ των τριών αυτών απαιτήσεων.

scholarly journals Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS): Technology for the 21st century

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Djakov ◽  
Ivanka Popovic ◽  
Ljubinka Rajakovic
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Thermal Constant ◽  
Mems Devices ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Industrial Sectors ◽  
Mems Technology

Micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) are miniturized devices that can sense the environment, process and analyze information, and respond with a variety of mechanical and electrical actuators. MEMS consists of mechanical elements, sensors, actuators, electrical and electronics devices on a common silicon substrate. Micro-electro-mechanical systems are becoming a vital technology for modern society. Some of the advantages of MEMS devices are: very small size, very low power consumption, low cost, easy to integrate into systems or modify, small thermal constant, high resistance to vibration, shock and radiation, batch fabricated in large arrays, improved thermal expansion tolerance. MEMS technology is increasingly penetrating into our lives and improving quality of life, similar to what we experienced in the microelectronics revolution. Commercial opportunities for MEMS are rapidly growing in broad application areas, including biomedical, telecommunication, security, entertainment, aerospace, and more in both the consumer and industrial sectors on a global scale. As a breakthrough technology, MEMS is building synergy between previously unrelated fields such as biology and microelectronics. Many new MEMS and nanotechnology applications will emerge, expanding beyond that which is currently identified or known. MEMS are definitely technology for 21st century.

scholarly journals On-Demand MEMS Device Production System by Module-Based Microfactory

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 110-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiwamu Ashida ◽  
◽  
Shizuka Nakano ◽  
Jaehyuk Park ◽  
Jun Akedo
Keyword(s):  
Production System ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Thin Sheet ◽  
Aerosol Deposition ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Unit Process ◽  
On Demand ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Thin Sheet Metal ◽  
Mems Device

Many micro-scale devices have been developed by applying micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, but MEMS production facilities are large and costly, making it difficult to develop small numbers of trial devices. The novel on-demand MEMS device production system we developed applies two major concepts – that of the microfactory and the introduction of non-MEMS processes in microfabrication. These two concepts have made manufacturing more ecological, economical, agile, and flexible through downsizing, forming an automated production line by connecting standardized unit-processing cells, each of which has a desktop process, a part transfer robot, and a standardized connection interface. These enable any process cell to be connected in any sequence that the target product requires. Four unit-process cells were developed – the micropress cell for fabricating microstructures from thin sheet metal and the miniature aerosol deposition (AD) process cell for fabricating high-performance piezoelectric (PZT) ceramics actuators. The feasibility of the on-demand MEMS production system was demonstrated by the fabrication of a MEMS-like micromirror scanner, proving the potential of on-demand MEMS production in diversified small-lot production.

Scope of RF MEMS Technology for Microwave Circuits and Systems

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Kanthamani Sundharajan
Keyword(s):  
Rf Mems ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Microwave Circuits ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Mems Switches ◽  
Phased Array Antennas ◽  
Array Antennas ◽  
Rf Mems Switches ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Key Issues

Micro-electro mechanical systems (MEMS) technology has facilitated the need for innovative approaches in the design and development of miniaturized, effective, low-cost radio frequency (RF) microwave circuits and systems. This technology is expected to have significant role in today's 5G applications for the development of reconfigurable architectures. This chapter presents an overview of the evolution of MEMS-based subsystems and devices, especially switches and phased array antennas. This chapter also discusses the key issues in design and analysis of RF MEMS-based devices, particularly with primary emphasis on RF MEMS switches and antennas.

scholarly journals Forecasting of Technology Development of the Arctic Hydrocarbon Resources’ Extraction

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 ◽  
pp. 01008
Author(s):  
Tatiana Chvileva
Keyword(s):  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Arctic Region ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Industrial Systems ◽  
Technological Forecasting ◽  
Energy Needs

The Arctic region has a great potential in development of hydrocarbon resources and can play an important role in meeting future global energy needs. In the presented work the specific features of the Arctic hydrocarbon projects are identified. Key needs of oil and gas industry in technology development within the framework of projects of extraction of hydrocarbon resources in the Arctic are revealed. A critical analysis of technological forecasting methods is presented. Problems and prospects of their use in the conditions of the Arctic zones are established. The need for an integrated approach to forecasting the development of industrial systems of the Arctic zone is justified.

A Batch Fabricated Linear Synchronous Motor

2003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Fo¨hse ◽  
Hans-D. Sto¨lting ◽  
Jens Edler ◽  
Hans H. Gatzen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Systems ◽  
Synchronous Motor ◽  
Micro Electro Mechanical Systems ◽  
Basic Approach ◽  
Linear Synchronous Motor ◽  
Mems Technology ◽  
Linear Actuators

Micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology opens up new ways of miniaturizing electromagnetic motors. A very promising approach for building miniature linear actuators is to fabricate the stator as well as the traveler separately and merging the motor components in a microassembly process [1]. This paper describes design, fabrication, and evaluation results of a linear synchronous actuator following this basic approach.

Introduction

1994 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
James W. Wilson ◽  
Catherine A. Brown ◽  
Carolyn Kieran ◽  
Frank K. Lester
Keyword(s):  
Mathematics Education ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Task Force ◽  
Board Members ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
25Th Anniversary ◽  
The Past ◽  
Look Ahead

This special issue of the Journal for Research in Mathematics Education was prepared to help celebrate the 25th anniversary year of the journal. President Mary Lindquist appointed an ad hoc task force to develop activities to mark this 25th year. Input was solicited from former editorial board members and editors and from others throughout mathematics education. We came to a recognition that doing something to reflect on the journal's journey over the past 25 years, while underscoring the scholarship that guides our work, would be a vehicle to help look ahead to the next 25 years.

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