scholarly journals A Study on the Status of Adjectives within Chinese Word Class System from the Typological View

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (null) ◽  
pp. 203-227
Author(s):  
Park, Jung-Ku
2009 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony E. Backhouse

AbstractOne of the commonest words in Japanese, nai has received varying theoretical treatments from linguists, with differing practical consequences. The paper seeks to provide a clear synchronic descriptive account, identifying the issues concerned and considering different positions in the light of relevant criteria. Topics addressed include the incidence of suppletion in Japanese, the weighting of morphological and syntactic criteria in word class assignment, gradience of membership, and the question of diachronic influences on current analyses.


2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 576
Author(s):  
Ting Yang

A dynamic construal approach is adopted to address the word class transcategorial shifts in Mandarin. It is pointed out that the dispute on the classification of Chinese word classes and the consequent controversial proposals of nominalization, verbalization, etc. is in essence a matter of categorization. Instead of the static views, it holds that the categorization of word classes is dynamic and a cluster of factors affects the on-line categorizing process. From the dynamic construal view, Indo-European languages and Mandarin share analogous transcategorial shift processes.


Author(s):  
Robin Hanson

Who is higher status in an em world? Humans are much less competent than ems in most jobs, and so ems see humans and styles and habits associated with humans as lower status. As ems must retire when they can no longer compete with younger workers, retirees are also lower status, as are styles and habits associated with retirees. Also, we have long treated places where people congregate more densely, and the people who congregate there, as higher status. Humans, retirees, and ems away from urban centers all tend to be slower. These features help to make slow speed seem low status to ems. In addition, faster ems tend to have many other features that are today treated as markers of higher status. Faster ems tend to be bosses, to embody more wealth, to host meetings, and to sit at premium locations. Faster ems find it easier to coordinate with each other in contests with slower ems. Fast ems hear of and react to news first, and so more quickly adopt new fashions. As faster em brains embody more capital, impoverished ems are often forced to run at slower speeds. Also, the lives of slower ems seem more like “death,” in the sense that they have a larger chance of ending sooner because of civilization instability. For example, if the em era lasts for 2 objective years, a micro-em experiences only 1 subjective minute during that period. Thus slower ems can naturally seem nearer to death, which seems low status. Thus we have many reasons to expect that ems who run faster are usually seen as higher status. Similarly, during meetings the more centrally located ems, for whom signal delays are smallest, may usually appear to be more central and powerful. Note that as em speeds will tend to clump, this creates a class system of distinct status levels. Today, residents of bigger cities tend to be seen as higher status, and their higher status isn’t much lost when they temporarily visit rural areas. Similarly, em status may not change much during temporary speed changes. It might instead be the typical speed of their clan or subclan that matters most. Slow ems can have the status mark of taking a longer-term bigger-picture view, and a few of them are trusted to manage capital for long-term payoffs.


1990 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 15-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Taylor

Summary This article critically assesses how Dionysius and Varro differ with respect to particular matters of linguistic theory and practice. It emphasizes the absence of declensions in Dionysius’ Téchnē (and in subsequent Greek grammar), his inability to distinguish between derivation and inflection, and the confusion – both conceptual and descriptive – in his account of conjugation, all of which are topics that Varro addresses elegantly and with linguistic sophistication. Dionysius therefore compares unfavorably with Varro in these respects, and the author concludes, suggestively, that Varro is responsible for transforming the Alexandrian word-class system of grammar into the word-and-paradigm system that is the Roman ars grammatica.


1996 ◽  
Vol 23 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 47-72
Author(s):  
Michael Isermann

Summary One of the typical features of the early grammars of European vernaculars is their sketchy treatment of syntactic phenomena. The reason for this neglect is obvious: The steady orientation of grammarians towards the traditional word-class approach virtually necessitated the persistence of the view of a sentence as a linear arrangement of words. Though historians of grammar have acknowledged John Wallis’(1616–1703) attempt at freeing the grammar of English from the strait jacket of Latin grammar, they have seen his Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae (1653) in the word-based grammar tradition. In this paper I argue that beyond the fairly traditional organization and terminology of Wallis’ grammar lies a fundamentally different approach: Instead of basing his description of English on a fixed word-class system, Wallis seems to arrive at syntactic categories via the criteria of distribution and substitution. It is these criteria (which are constantly applied rather than stated) that lead Wallis to the discovery of phrases and their internal structure. Especially consistent and concise in this regard is Wallis’ description of the structure of the noun phrase in the chapter on “The adjectives”.


2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 255-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ulrike Mosel

Abstract The corpus-based analysis of Teop word classes demonstrates that lexical multifunctionality is not incompatible with the grammatical distinction between verbs, nouns, adjectives and adverbs, because this distinction does not manifest itself in their syntactic functions of heads of phrases, but in the kinds of modifier the words can combine with. Consequently, the Teop word class system falsifies all word class typologies that assume that a formal differentiation of event, object and property words presupposes a distinctive distribution across the head positions of determiner-marked referential expressions and TAM-marked predicative expressions. In addition to the multifunctionality of verbs, nouns and adjectives, the Teop lexicon shows regular patterns of conversion. The paper concludes with an assessment of the results and the limitations of the corpus-based approach and suggests four topics for further research: (1) the development of elicitation methods to supplement corpus-based analyses; (2) a typology of formally distinguished phrase types; (3) regular patterns of conversion across languages; and (4) possessive comparative constructions.


AL-TA LIM ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164
Author(s):  
Zulmuqim Zulmuqim

Transformation of education in Minangkabau at the Beginning the 20th Century was done by established figure of Islam, such as Abdul Karim Amrullah, Abdullah Ahmad and Rahmah el-Yunusiyah. Abdul Karim Amrullah begins transforming Islamic education by changing the status of Jembatan Besi Surau to become Islamic modern school (Madrasah) with class system, which is known as Sumatera Thawalib. Abdullah Ahmad transforms Islamic education by establishing HIS Adabiyah with school system, and also includes Islamic subjects in the curriculum. Moreover Rahmah el-Yunusiyah committed renewal by building woman Islamic school (Madrasah). Key words:Renewal, Islamic Education, Education Thinking.Copyright © 2015 by Al-Ta'lim All right reserved


Telematika ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 11
Author(s):  
Muhamad Rosidin Rosidin

AbstractClass of word are categories of forms, meanings and functions in the Indonesian grammar system. Determining the basic words of the word affix is still difficult. The word affix class system is a solution to determine the basic words at same time with the class of words that are affixed so that they can be used as learning Indonesian language. The word affix class system was developed using the PHP programming language. Porter algorithms are algorithms that are used to change the word affix into a root word. In this study, the word affix detected by system and separated by infiltration section, then system would process types of affixes juxtaposed with the root words to form a class of words. This can facilitate Indonesian language, basic words and word classes learning. The output is in the form of a table of steps in stemming process and determining affix words class.Keywords: Word Class, Porter, Porter Stemmer, Impression, Stemming AlgorithmAbstrakKelas kata adalah kategori bentuk, makna dan fungsi dalam sistem bahasa indonesia. Penentuan kata dasar dari kata berimbuhan masih sulit dilakukan. Sistem Kelas kata berimbuhan adalah solusi untuk menentukan kata dasar sekaligus dengan kelas kata berimbuhan sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai media pembelajaran bahasa Indonesia. Pengembangan sistem kelas kata berimbuhan berbasis web dan proses codingnya dengan bahasa pemrograman PHP. Porter algorithm merupakan algoritma stemming yang digunakan untuk mengubah kata berimbuhan menjadi kata dasar. Pada penelitian ini, kata berimbuhan dideteksi oleh sistem dan dipisahkan per bagian imbuhannya, kemudian sistem akan memroses jenis imbuhan yang disandingkan dengan kata dasar akan membentuk sebuah kelas kata. Hal ini dapat memudahkan pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia mengenai kata berimbuhan, kata dasar dan kelas kata. Stemming dan perumusan formula sangat mempengaruhi penentuan kelas kata, karena bahasa indonesia memiliki imbuhan yang kompleks dan memerlukan algoritma stemming yang memiliki kemampuan tinggi dalam menentukan root word. Terdapat sejumlah stemming algorithme yang telah dikembangkan, pada penelitian ini stemming porter algorithme yang dipakai dalam penentuan kata dasar. Output yang dihasilkan berupa table langkah-langkah dalam proses stemming dan penentuan kelas kata berimbuhan.Kata Kunci : Kelas Kata, Algoritma Porter, Porter Stemmer, Imbuhan, Stemming


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