scholarly journals Impact of intestinal helminthes infections on stunting, wasting, normal biochemical and hematological values on school children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Daniel Tarekegn ◽  
Meseret Birhanie
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Demographic Data ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Z Scores

Abstract Abstract Background: Ethiopia, the second populous nation in Africa, has been grouped under low income countries. Stunting, underweight and wasting in school children in Ethiopia are very common. The aim of this research was to evaluate the nutritional status compared to WHO standards and impact of intestinal helminthes on normal growth, normal hematological and biochemical values in the school children in Azezo Elementary School in Gondar Town. Methods: Demographic data and information about possible risk factors were obtained using standard pre-tested questioners for all study subjects. WHO AnthroPlus software version 1.04 (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) were used to classify school children as normal, stunted, wasted and obese after height and body weight measurements were obtained. The Kato Katz technique was performed to screen students for intestinalhelmenthinfections and calculate eggs per gram stool (epg). Haematological and biochemical normal values were obtained from hematology fully-automated cell counter (Mindray BC-3200) and Mindray BS-200E chemistry analyzer. Results: Atotal of 384 school children with age ranged from 7 to 15 years old were recruited in this study. Of the total school children analysed for body mass index and height for age Z scores (BAZ and HAZ scores), 103 (26.8%) were wasted (Z scores < -2SD) and 47 (12.2%) stunted (< -2SD). Gender showed no statistically significantly differences (p>0.05) for BAZ and HAZ. The prevalence of overall stunting in 7-10 age group was 0.7% (1/146) compared to 19.5% (46/236) in 11-15 age group (p=0.000). Intestinal helminthes infections were statistically significantly associated (p = 0.000) with hypo-gycocemia, hypo-proteinaemia and anemia compared with non-infected school children. The likelihood of anemia in intestinal helminth infected school children, when it was compared with uninfected was 148 times higher for both Ascarislumbericoides-Schistosomamansoni co-infection, 38 times for Hook worm, 20 times for Schistosomamansoni and 3 times for Ascarislumbericoidesmono-infection. Conclusion: Malnutrition and intestinal helminthes infections are serious problem in normal growth of the school children. Poverty associated malnutrition is the most important risk factor for stunting. Key Words: School children; Malnutrition; Intestinal Helminth infections; Nutritional status ; Gondar town

Impact of intestinal helminthes infections on malnutrition and haematological indices of school-age children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wossenseged Lemma ◽  
Daniel Tarekegn ◽  
Meseret Birhanie
Keyword(s):  
School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
School Age ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Hook Worm ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Abstract Background: Ethiopia, the second populous nation in Africa, has been grouped under low income countries. Stunting, underweight and wasting in school children are very common. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of intestinal helminthesand schistosomiasison malnutrition, anaemiaand haematological indices in the school age children of Azezo Elementary School in Gondar town. Methods:Kato Katz technique was performed todetermine infection and intensity of intestinal helminthinfections. AnthroPlus software version 1.04 (WHO, Geneva, Switzerland) was used to get malnutrition indiceswhile fully-automated hematologicalcell counter (Mindray BC-3200) andMindray BS-200E chemistry analyser were used to determine haematological and biochemical parametrs. Results: Atotal of 384 school childrenwere recruited in this study.The overall prevalence of helminthes infections was 45.8% (178/384) with the leading Ascarislumbericoides infection (20.6%) compared to the second leading Schistosomamansoni(17.4%)and third leading hook worm infections (13.3%).The prevalencesof body mass indexes for age Z-scores (BAZ) indices were 9.6% (37) wasting, 17.2%(66) sever thinness, 38.5%(148) thinness, 34.1% (131) normal and 0.5%(2) overweight. On the other hand, the prevalences of height for age Z-scores (HAZ) indices were 12.2%(47) stunt, 87%(334) normal and 0.8%(3) over height.Of the total 384 school age children, 335(87.2%) had normal blood glucose level (70 – 110 mg/dL) while the remaining 49 (12.8%) school age children were hypoglycemic. The number of the school children with normal total protein level (6.6 – 8 g/dL) was 259(67.4%) while the remaining 125(32.6%) school children were hypo-proteinaemic. The prevalence of anemia in the school age children was 33.1%(127).Intestinal helminthes infections were statistically significantly associated (p = 0.000) with hypo-glycemia, hypo-proteinaemia and anemia compared with non-infected school children. The likelihood of anemia in intestinal helminth infected school children, when it was compared with uninfected was 148 times higher for both Ascarislumbericoides-Schistosomamansoni co-infection, 38 times for Hook worm, 20 times for Schistosomamansoni and 3 times for Ascarislumbericoidesmono-infection. Conclusion: Intestinal helminth infections in school age children aggravate malnutrition. Prolonged malnutrition and intestinal helminth infections could result in stunting in school-age children.

Nutritional Status of Pre-School Children from Urban Low Income Families

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (3) ◽  
pp. 265
Author(s):  
R. V. Lakshmi ◽  
M. Sylvia Subapriya ◽  
Kalaivani Krishnamurthy ◽  
Prema Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Low Income Families ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Weight For Age

India is currently the home of the largest number of under-nourished and over-nourished children in the world. Data from longitudinal studies in India indicate that both under nutrition and over-nutrition in childhood is associated with higher risk of over-nutrition and noncommunicable diseases in adult life. A community based mixed longitudinal study of underfive children from urban low income families was taken up to assess their nutritional status. Weight was taken every month in all; length was measured every month in infants and height was measured once in three months in 1-5 year children. BMI was computed in all. Nutritional status was assessed using the WHO anthro software package. Between 2012 and 2015, 3888 pre-school children were enrolled (49.4% boys and 50.6% girls); mean age of these children at enrolment was 22.5±16.17 months. The mean Z scores for height for age was - 1.79; weight for age was - 1.41 and -0.47 for BMI for age. Prevalence of stunting was 43.4%; underweight was 31.9%, wasting was 12% and over-nutrition was between 3-5%. The reduction in wasting rate between 0-3 years was mainly due to the increase in prevalence of stunting. With universal screening for early detection of wasting and over-nutrition and effective management of these, it will be possible to achieve the WHA targets of reducing and maintaining wasting below 5% and preventing increase in over-nutrition in this population. This may reduce the risk of over-nutrition and non-communicable diseases in these children during their adult life.

scholarly journals Impact of intestinal helminth infections on malnutrition and haematological indices of school-age children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Impact of intestinal helminth infections on malnutrition and haematological indices of school-age children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tarekegn ◽  
Meseret Birhanie ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
School Age ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Abstract Background: In Ethiopia Stunting, underweight and wasting in school children are very common. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of intestinal helminthes and schistosomiasis on malnutrition, anaemia and haematological indices in the school age children of Azezo Elementary School in Gondar town. Methods: Kato Katz technique was performed to determine infection and intensity of intestinal helminth infections. AnthroPlus software version 1.04 was used to get malnutrition indices while fully-automated haematological analyzers were used to determine haematological and biochemical parametrs. Results: Atotal of 384 school children were recruited in this study. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was 45.8% (178/384) with the leading Ascaris lumbericoides infection (20.6%) compared to the second leading Schistosoma mansoni (17.4%) and third leading hook worm infections (13.3%). The prevalences of body mass indexes for age Z-scores (BAZ) indices were 9.6% (37) very sever thinnes, 17.2% (66) sever thinness, 38.3% (147) thinness, 34.4% (132) normal and 0.5% (2) overweight. On the other hand, the prevalences of height for age Z-scores (HAZ) indices were 12.2% (47) stunt, 87% (334) normal and 0.8% (3) over height. Of the total 384 school age children, 335 (87.2%) had normal blood glucose level (70 – 110 mg/dL) while the remaining 49 (12.8%) school age children were hypoglycemic. The number of the school children with normal total protein level (6.6 – 8 g/dL) was 259 (67.4%) while the remaining 125 (32.6%) school children were hypo-proteinaemic. The prevalence of anemia in the school age children was 33.1% (127). Intestinal helminth infections were statistically significantly associated (p = 0.000) with hypo-glycemia, hypo-proteinaemia and anemia compared with non-infected school children. The likelihood of anemia in intestinal helminth infected school children, when it was compared with uninfected was 148 times higher for both Ascaris lumbericoides-Schistosoma mansoni co-infection, 38 times for Hookworm, 20 times for Schistosoma mansoni and 3 times for Ascaris lumbericoides mono-infection. Conclusion: Intestinal helminth infections in school age children aggravate malnutrition. Prolonged malnutrition and intestinal helminth infections could result in stunting in school-age children. Key Words: school children; malnutrition; intestinal helminth infections; nutritional indices; Gondar town.

scholarly journals Visual Impairment among Primary School Children in Gondar Town, Northwest Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Ayanaw Tsega Ferede ◽  
Destaye Shiferaw Alemu ◽  
Alemayehu Desalegn Gudeta ◽  
Haile Woretaw Alemu ◽  
Mulusew Asferaw Melese
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Northwest Ethiopia ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Moderate Degree ◽  
Gondar Town

Background. An impairment of the visual system at or shortly after birth adversely affects educational performance of children which typically occurs through vision. Limited evidence on the magnitude and causes of visual impairment is one of the reasons for the low priority given to eye care in low-income countries. Objectives. To estimate the prevalence and determine the causes of visual impairment in primary school children in Gondar town, Northwest Ethiopia. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 1289 children aged 5–15 years who were randomly selected in 9 primary schools (government and private) from May to June 2016. Visual acuity was measured at 6 m using Snellen’s chart, and children with an acuity of less than 6/18 in the better eye underwent refraction and a detailed eye examination. A cause of their impairment was determined. Data were recorded using pretested tools. . Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 16 was used to enter and analyze the data using 95% confidence intervals. Results. The prevalence of visual impairment was 1.8%. Refractive errors (nearly 70%) followed by strabismus and cataract, each contributing 4.3%, were the most frequent causes of visual impairment in the study population. Majority (87%) of the children had moderate degree of vision impairment, and 10–15-year age groups are the more affected ones. Children of age fifteen and above showed statistically significant association with visual impairment (p=0.005). Conclusion. The magnitude of visual impairment in primary school children in the study area is significant. School screening programme is recommended to minimize the burden of visual impairment in the study area.

scholarly journals Impact of intestinal helminth infections on malnutrition and haematological indices of school-age children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.Impact of intestinal helminth infections on malnutrition and haematological indices of school-age children in Gondar town, Ethiopia.

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Tarekegn ◽  
Meseret Birhanie ◽  
Wossenseged Lemma
Keyword(s):  
Schistosoma Mansoni ◽  
School Children ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
School Age ◽  
Helminth Infections ◽  
Gondar Town ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Haematological Indices

Abstract Abstract Background: In Ethiopia Stunting, underweight and wasting in school children are very common. The aim of this research was to evaluate the impact of intestinal helminthes and schistosomiasis on malnutrition, anaemia and haematological indices in the school age children of Azezo Elementary School in Gondar town. Methods: Kato Katz technique was performed to determine infection and intensity of intestinal helminth infections. AnthroPlus software version 1.04 was used to get malnutrition indices while fully-automated haematological analyzers were used to determine haematological and biochemical parametrs. Results: Atotal of 384 school children were recruited in this study. The overall prevalence of helminth infections was 45.8% (178/384) with the leading Ascaris lumbericoides infection (20.6%) compared to the second leading Schistosoma mansoni (17.4%) and third leading hook worm infections (13.3%). The prevalences of body mass indexes for age Z-scores (BAZ) indices were 9.6% (37) very sever thinnes, 17.2% (66) sever thinness, 38.3% (147) thinness, 34.4% (132) normal and 0.5% (2) overweight. On the other hand, the prevalences of height for age Z-scores (HAZ) indices were 12.2% (47) stunt, 87% (334) normal and 0.8% (3) over height. Of the total 384 school age children, 335 (87.2%) had normal blood glucose level (70 – 110 mg/dL) while the remaining 49 (12.8%) school age children were hypoglycemic. The number of the school children with normal total protein level (6.6 – 8 g/dL) was 259 (67.4%) while the remaining 125 (32.6%) school children were hypo-proteinaemic. The prevalence of anemia in the school age children was 33.1% (127). Intestinal helminth infections were statistically significantly associated (p = 0.000) with hypo-glycemia, hypo-proteinaemia and anemia compared with non-infected school children. The likelihood of anemia in intestinal helminth infected school children, when it was compared with uninfected was 148 times higher for both Ascaris lumbericoides-Schistosoma mansoni co-infection, 38 times for Hookworm, 20 times for Schistosoma mansoni and 3 times for Ascaris lumbericoides mono-infection. Conclusion: Intestinal helminth infections in school age children aggravate malnutrition. Prolonged malnutrition and intestinal helminth infections could result in stunting in school-age children. Key Words: school children; malnutrition; intestinal helminth infections; nutritional indices; Gondar town.

scholarly journals Overweight/Obesity and Associated Factors Among Second Cycle Primary School Children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 216495612110178
Author(s):  
Kidus Fitsum ◽  
Gudina Egata ◽  
Melake Demena ◽  
Berhe Gebremichael
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Private School ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Addis Ababa ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Public Health Issue

Background Although overweight/obesity is becoming a public health issue in low income countries, there is a paucity of evidence concerning overweight/obesity in Ethiopia. The aim of the study was to assess the magnitude of overweight/obesity and associated factors among second cycle primary school children in Kirkos Sub-City, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A school based cross-sectional study was conducted among 482 children from May to June, 2019. Data were collected using a questionnaire and checklist. Data were entered using EpiData version 3.1 and exported into SPSS version 22.0. Bivariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were done to identify factors associated with overweight/obesity. Level of statistical significance was declared at p ≤ 0.05. Results The overall magnitude of overweight/obesity was 21.2%. The magnitude of overweight was 13.7% while obesity was 7.5%. Vehicle availability, being from private school, not having friend(s), preferring sweet foods, eating breakfast irregularly, watching movies/Television while eating and physical inactivity were the factors significantly associated with overweight/obesity among second cycle primary school children. Conclusions The magnitude of overweight/obesity was high in the study area. Therefore, health and education sectors should promote healthy lifestyle to curb child overweight/obesity.

scholarly journals International barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening among young people: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abirami Kirubarajan ◽  
Shannon Leung ◽  
Xinglin Li ◽  
Matthew Yau ◽  
Mara Sobel
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Young People ◽  
Cervical Cancer Screening ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Barriers And Facilitators ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Age Group

Background Though cervical cancer is one of the leading causes of death globally, its incidence is nearly entirely preventable. Young people have been an international priority for screening. However, in both high-income and low-income countries, young people have not been screened appropriately according to country-specific guidelines and in many countries, screening rates for this age-group have even dropped. Objectives The aim of this systematic review was to systematically characterize the existing literature on barriers and facilitators for cervical cancer screening among young people globally. Search Strategy We conducted a systematic review following PRISMA guidelines of four databases: Medline-OVID, EMBASE, CINAHL, and ClinicalTrials.Gov. Selection Criteria We only examined original, peer-reviewed literature. Databases were examined from inception until the date of our literature searches (12/03/2020). Articles were excluded if they did not specifically discuss cervical cancer screening, were not specific to young people, or did not report outcomes or evaluation. Data Collection and Analysis All screening and extraction was completed in duplicate with two independent reviewers. Main Results Of the 2177 original database citations, we included 36 studies that met inclusion criteria. Our systematic review found that there are three large categories of barriers for young people: lack of knowledge/awareness, negative perceptions of the test, and practical barriers to testing. Facilitators included stronger relationships with healthcare providers, social norms, support from family, and self-efficacy. Conclusions Health systems worldwide should address the barriers and facilitators to increase cervical cancer screening rates in young people. Further research is required to understand this age group.

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and their Association with Nutritional Status of Rural and Urban Pre-School Children in Benue State, Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 146-152
Author(s):  
Kpurkpur Tyoalumun, MSc ◽  
Sani Sani Abubakar, MSc ◽  
Nongu Christopher, MLT
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
School Children ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Z Scores

Background and Objectives: Intestinal parasitic infections are highly prevalent in developing countries, contributing to high incidence of malnutrition and morbidity. This study aimed to fi nd the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections and their association with nutritional status of children in Benue State, Nigeria. Methods: A cross sectional study conducted from January-June 2016, among 418 school children under-5 years of age. Anthropometric data, height-for-age, weight-for-height, and weight-for-age Z-scores from each child and fecal samples were collected and screened for intestinal parasites using standard laboratory methods. Results: Among the intestinal parasitic infections detected, the prevalence of E. histolytica was higher (51.0% and 29.0%) than all other parasites encountered in rural and urban pupils (P<0.05). Other parasites were Hookworm (46.2% and 24.8%); G. lamblia (11.5% and 8.6%); and T. trichiura (2.4% and 5.2%). The prevalence of stunting (HAZ<-2), in rural and urban pupils were 43.8% and 32.9%; 64.4% and 39.0% rural and urban pupils were underweight (WAZ<-2), while 30.3% and 24.3% were wasted (WHZ<-2). Infected children had signifi cantly (P<0.05) higher z-scores than the uninfected children. Conclusion and Global Health Implications: Benue State is among the Nigerian states with the highest burden of tropical diseases with a current plan of elimination implemented through mass drug administration. This study identify/evaluate some essential information that will support the planning and implementation of the State’s ongoing efforts.   Copyright © 2016 Tyoalumun et al. Published by Global Health and Education Projects, Inc. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License CC BY 4.0.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Soil-Transmitted Helminthiases and Schistosomiasis in Preschool Age Children in Mwea Division, Kirinyaga South District, Kirinyaga County, and Their Potential Effect on Physical Growth

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Sifuna Wefwafwa Sakari ◽  
Amos K. Mbugua ◽  
Gerald M. Mkoji
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Intestinal Parasites ◽  
Preschool Age ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Parasitic Infections ◽  
Anthropometric Indices ◽  
Intestinal Parasitic Infections ◽  
Preschool Age Children

Intestinal parasitic infections can significantly contribute to the burden of disease, may cause nutritional and energetic stress, and negatively impact the quality of life in low income countries of the world. This cross-sectional study done in Mwea irrigation scheme, in Kirinyaga, central Kenya, assessed the public health significance of soil-transmitted helminthiases (STH), schistosomiasis, and other intestinal parasitic infections, among 361 preschool age children (PSAC) through fecal examination, by measuring anthropometric indices, and through their parents/guardians, by obtaining sociodemographic information. Both intestinal helminth and protozoan infections were detected, and, among the soil-transmitted helminth parasites, there were Ascaris lumbricoides (prevalence, 3%), Ancylostoma duodenale (<1%), and Trichuris trichiura (<1%). Other intestinal helminths were Hymenolepis nana (prevalence, 3.6%) and Enterobius vermicularis (<1%). Schistosoma mansoni occurred at a prevalence of 5.5%. Interestingly, the protozoan, Giardia lamblia (prevalence, 14.7%), was the most common among the PSAC. Other protozoans were Entamoeba coli (3.9%) and Entamoeba histolytica (<1). Anthropometric indices showed evidence of malnutrition. Intestinal parasites were associated with hand washing behavior, family size, water purification, and home location. These findings suggest that G. lamblia infection and malnutrition may be significant causes of ill health among the PSAC in Mwea, and, therefore, an intervention plan is needed.

scholarly journals Reversible Long Term Contraceptives Utilization among Married Women of Reproductive Age Group in Areka Town, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Samson Kastro Dake ◽  
Temesgen Lera Abiso
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Reproductive Age ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Women Of Reproductive Age ◽  
Reproductive Age Group

BACKGROUND፡ In low income countries, bearing many children is the main factor affecting maternal health. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization and identify factors associated with it among married women of child bearing age in Areka District in South EthiopiaMETHODS: We conducted a community-based cross-sectional survey involving systematically recruited 346 married women of reproductive age group. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire on May 2019. We used SPSS version 25 for data entry and analyses. Bivariate logistic regression analysis was used to select exposure variables with crude association. Multivariate analysis was done to control for potential confounders and identify predictors of the outcome. Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR) with 95% Confidence Interval (CI)was reported, and statistical significance was declared at p<0.05.RESULTS: The prevalence of reversible long term contraceptives utilization among married women of reproductive age group was 134(38.7%). Utilization of Reversible Long Term Contraceptives (RLTCs) was positively associated with being protestant Christian religion follower, advanced educational status, history of abortion, and having a better attitude towards reversible long term contraceptives. In other words, being housewife, being daily laborer, having no radio in the household and making fertility decisions alone were negatively associated.CONCLUSION: The prevalence of RLTCs in the study area was high. Women should be empowered educationally through other alternative opportunities to formal school. In addition to electronic media, different community events and community conversations should be used to convey messages on contraceptives particularly RLTCs. Behavioral change communications would benefit women in shaping their attitudestowards RLTCs.

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