scholarly journals A systematic review of parent based programs to prevent or reduce alcohol consumption in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hurley ◽  
Timo Dietrich ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Program Design ◽  
Design Method ◽  
Stakeholder Involvement ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Theory Use ◽  
Parent Component

Abstract Background. Adolescent alcohol consumption is an issue of ongoing concern and programs targeting parents have been identified as an important component in minimizing and preventing alcohol related harm in adolescents. This paper aims to evaluate existing parent based alcohol education programs with a focus on understanding parent specific outcomes; the level of theory application and the extent of stakeholder involvement in program design. Method. A total of seven databases were searched to identify relevant studies published between January 2000 and November 2018. Studies were included if they evaluated school based alcohol education programs that included a parent component and detailed outcome measures associated with parent data. Results. In total 15 studies qualified for assessment, detailing 11 individual parent programs. Of these, nine programs demonstrated positive effects in at least one parent reported outcome measure. Stakeholder engagement during the design of programs was lacking with the majority of programs. One third of the programs did not report theory use and when theory was used reporting was weak with one program informed by theory, two programs applying theory and four testing theory. Conclusion. Future studies are recommended to further enhance the effectiveness of parental programs. Given stakeholder involvement can increase levels of engagement, increasing levels of stakeholder involvement in the design of parental programs is recommended to extend parental participation in programs developed. Inclusion of theory in program design and evaluation will further extend understanding of the mechanisms leading to change.

scholarly journals A systematic review of parent based programs to prevent or reduce alcohol consumption in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hurley ◽  
Timo Dietrich ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Rule Setting

Abstract Background Adolescent alcohol consumption is an issue of ongoing concern and programs targeting parents have been identified as an important component in minimizing and preventing alcohol related harm in adolescents. This paper aims to evaluate existing parent based alcohol education programs with a focus on understanding parent specific outcomes including parental attitudes, parent-child communication, alcohol specific rule setting and parental monitoring; study quality, the extent of stakeholder engagement in program design and the level of theory application. Method A systematic review of electronic databases EBSCO, Emerald, ProQuest, PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to August 2019. A total of 4288 unique records were retrieved from the eight databases. Studies were included if they evaluated school based alcohol education programs that included a parent component and detailed outcome measures associated with parent data. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Results In total 17 studies qualified for assessment, detailing 13 individual parent programs. Of these, ten programs demonstrated positive effects in at least one parent reported outcome measure. Stakeholder engagement during the design of programs was lacking with the majority of programs. One third of the programs did not report theory use and when theory was used reporting was weak with three programs applying theory, five testing theory and none building theory. According to the EPHPP tool, overall ten programs were rated as weak, three as moderate and none as strong. Conclusion Future studies are recommended to further enhance the effectiveness of parental programs by improving study quality, increasing stakeholder engagement and increasing the level of theory application and reporting.

scholarly journals A systematic review of parent based programs to prevent or reduce alcohol consumption in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hurley ◽  
Timo Dietrich ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Strong Conclusion ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Rule Setting

Abstract Background. Adolescent alcohol consumption is an issue of ongoing concern and programs targeting parents have been identified as an important component in minimizing and preventing alcohol related harm in adolescents. This paper aims to evaluate existing parent based alcohol education programs with a focus on understanding parent specific outcomes including parental attitudes, parent-child communication, alcohol specific rule setting and parental monitoring; study quality, the extent of stakeholder engagement in program design and the level of theory application. Method. A systematic review of electronic databases EBSCO, Emerald, ProQuest, PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to August 2019. A total of 4288 unique records were retrieved from the eight databases. Studies were included if they evaluated school based alcohol education programs that included a parent component and detailed outcome measures associated with parent data. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Results. In total 17 studies qualified for assessment, detailing 13 individual parent programs. Of these, ten programs demonstrated positive effects in at least one parent reported outcome measure. Stakeholder engagement during the design of programs was lacking with the majority of programs. One third of the programs did not report theory use and when theory was used reporting was weak with three programs applying theory, five testing theory and none building theory. According to the EPHPP tool, overall ten programs were rated as weak, three as moderate and none as strong. Conclusion. Future studies are recommended to further enhance the effectiveness of parental programs by improving study quality, increasing stakeholder engagement and increasing the level of theory application and reporting.

scholarly journals A systematic review of parent based programs to prevent or reduce alcohol consumption in adolescents

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Hurley ◽  
Timo Dietrich ◽  
Sharyn Rundle-Thiele
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Stakeholder Engagement ◽  
Parental Attitudes ◽  
Study Quality ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Strong Conclusion ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Rule Setting

Abstract Background. Adolescent alcohol consumption is an issue of ongoing concern and programs targeting parents have been identified as an important component in minimizing and preventing alcohol related harm in adolescents. This paper aims to evaluate existing parent based alcohol education programs with a focus on understanding parent specific outcomes including parental attitudes, parent-child communication, alcohol specific rule setting and parental monitoring; study quality, the extent of stakeholder engagement in program design and the level of theory application. Method. A systematic review of electronic databases EBSCO, Emerald, ProQuest, PubMed, Ovid, ScienceDirect, Taylor and Francis and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to August 2019. A total of 4288 unique records were retrieved from the eight databases. Studies were included if they evaluated school based alcohol education programs that included a parent component and detailed outcome measures associated with parent data. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project (EPHPP) quality assessment tool. Results. In total 17 studies qualified for assessment, detailing 13 individual parent programs. Of these, ten programs demonstrated positive effects in at least one parent reported outcome measure. Stakeholder engagement during the design of programs was lacking with the majority of programs. One third of the programs did not report theory use and when theory was used reporting was weak with three programs applying theory, five testing theory and none building theory. According to the EPHPP tool, overall ten programs were rated as weak, three as moderate and none as strong. Conclusion. Future studies are recommended to further enhance the effectiveness of parental programs by improving study quality, increasing stakeholder engagement and increasing the level of theory application and reporting.

The Effects of Fear Appeal and Communication upon Attitudes toward Alcohol Consumption

1975 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert D. Fritzen ◽  
Gil E. Mazer
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Fear Appeal ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
Information Retention ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Two Independent Variables

The purpose of the study was to clarify principles of communication pertinent to alcohol and drug educational programs. Specifically the relationship between two independent variables, the fear appeal of the message and the character of the communicator, and the attitudes, behavior and information retention of seventh and eighth grade pupils with respect to the consumption of alcoholic beverages was explored. A number of significant findings are reported and their implications for alcohol education programs are discussed.

scholarly journals A Dialogue-Based System with Photo and Storytelling for Older Adults: Toward Daily Cognitive Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seiki Tokunaga ◽  
Kazuhiro Tamura ◽  
Mihoko Otake-Matsuura
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Cognitive Training ◽  
Question Answering ◽  
Design Method ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Assistive Robots ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
At Home

As the elderly population grows worldwide, living a healthy and full life as an older adult is becoming a topic of great interest. One key factor and severe challenge to maintaining quality of life in older adults is cognitive decline. Assistive robots for helping older adults have been proposed to solve issues such as social isolation and dependent living. Only a few studies have reported the positive effects of dialogue robots on cognitive function but conversation is being discussed as a promising intervention that includes various cognitive tasks. Existing dialogue robot-related studies have reported on placing dialogue robots in elderly homes and allowing them to interact with residents. However, it is difficult to reproduce these experiments since the participants’ characteristics influence experimental conditions, especially at home. Besides, most dialogue systems are not designed to set experimental conditions without on-site support. This study proposes a novel design method that uses a dialogue-based robot system for cognitive training at home. We define challenges and requirements to meet them to realize cognitive function training through daily communication. Those requirements are designed to satisfy detailed conditions such as duration of dialogue, frequency, and starting time without on-site support. Our system displays photos and gives original stories to provide contexts for dialogue that help the robot maintain a conversation for each story. Then the system schedules dialogue sessions along with the participant’s plan. The robot moderates the user to ask a question and then responds to the question by changing its facial expression. This question-answering procedure continued for a specific duration (4 min). To verify our design method’s effectiveness and implementation, we conducted three user studies by recruiting 35 elderly participants. We performed prototype-, laboratory-, and home-based experiments. Through these experiments, we evaluated current datasets, user experience, and feasibility for home use. We report on and discuss the older adults’ attitudes toward the robot and the number of turns during dialogues. We also classify the types of utterances and identify user needs. Herein, we outline the findings of this study, outlining the system’s essential characteristics to experiment toward daily cognitive training and explain further feature requests.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Digital Interventions for Reducing Behavioral Risks of Cardiovascular Disease in Nonclinical Adult Populations: Systematic Review of Reviews

10.2196/19688 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. e19688
Author(s):  
Natalie Gold ◽  
Amy Yau ◽  
Benjamin Rigby ◽  
Chris Dyke ◽  
Elizabeth Alice Remfry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Digital Interventions ◽  
Diet And Physical Activity ◽  
Intent To Treat

Background Digital health interventions are increasingly being used as a supplement or replacement for face-to-face services as a part of predictive prevention. They may be offered to those who are at high risk of cardiovascular disease and need to improve their diet, increase physical activity, stop smoking, or reduce alcohol consumption. Despite the popularity of these interventions, there is no overall summary and comparison of the effectiveness of different modes of delivery of a digital intervention to inform policy. Objective This review aims to summarize the effectiveness of digital interventions in improving behavioral and health outcomes related to physical activity, smoking, alcohol consumption, or diet in nonclinical adult populations and to identify the effectiveness of different modes of delivery of digital interventions. Methods We reviewed articles published in the English language between January 1, 2009, and February 25, 2019, that presented a systematic review with a narrative synthesis or meta-analysis of any study design examining digital intervention effectiveness; data related to adults (≥18 years) in high-income countries; and data on behavioral or health outcomes related to diet, physical activity, smoking, or alcohol, alone or in any combination. Any time frame or comparator was considered eligible. We searched MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, Cochrane Reviews, and gray literature. The AMSTAR-2 tool was used to assess review confidence ratings. Results We found 92 reviews from the academic literature (47 with meta-analyses) and 2 gray literature items (1 with a meta-analysis). Digital interventions were typically more effective than no intervention, but the effect sizes were small. Evidence on the effectiveness of digital interventions compared with face-to-face interventions was mixed. Most trials reported that intent-to-treat analysis and attrition rates were often high. Studies with long follow-up periods were scarce. However, we found that digital interventions may be effective for up to 6 months after the end of the intervention but that the effects dissipated by 12 months. There were small positive effects of digital interventions on smoking cessation and alcohol reduction; possible effectiveness in combined diet and physical activity interventions; no effectiveness for interventions targeting physical activity alone, except for when interventions were delivered by mobile phone, which had medium-sized effects; and no effectiveness observed for interventions targeting diet alone. Mobile interventions were particularly effective. Internet-based interventions were generally effective. Conclusions Digital interventions have small positive effects on smoking, alcohol consumption, and in interventions that target a combination of diet and physical activity. Small effects may have been due to the low efficacy of treatment or due to nonadherence. In addition, our ability to make inferences from the literature we reviewed was limited as those interventions were heterogeneous, many reviews had critically low AMSTAR-2 ratings, analysis was typically intent-to-treat, and follow-up times were relatively short. Trial Registration PROSPERO International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews CRD42019126074; https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?RecordID=126074.

Opportunities and Challenges Ahead for University-Based Evaluator Education Programs, Faculty, and Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 428-438
Author(s):  
John M. LaVelle ◽  
Stewart I. Donaldson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Graduate Students ◽  
Faculty Member ◽  
Knowledge Base ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Program Design ◽  
The United States ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
Current State

The profession of evaluation continues to grow, generating more demand for evaluation services than can be fulfilled by the supply of well-trained evaluation practitioners. In this brief forum article, we discuss the current state of evaluator education in the United States and the ways in which university-based programs support the development of evaluation practitioners and scholars. We then discuss the opportunities and challenges university-based programs face, focusing on program design, the challenges of being an evaluation-focused faculty member, and the specific needs of evaluation graduate students. We conclude by providing a research agenda for evaluation scholars interested in advancing the knowledge base about university-based evaluator education.

Personalized drinking feedback : an event-specific text-message intervention

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Jennifer Marie Cadigan
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Text Message ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Personalized Feedback ◽  
Alcohol Education ◽  
University Of Missouri ◽  
The University ◽  
Text Message Intervention

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT REQUEST OF AUTHOR.] This study examined the efficacy and feasibility of an event-specific, text-message personalized feedback intervention (PFI) among 130 college students. Results indicated significant between-group differences for peak eBAC and drinks consumed when tailgating, with those in the text message PFI condition reporting a lower peak eBAC and less alcohol use than those in the text message alcohol education control group. Providing normative feedback on tailgating alcohol use in the PFI condition was effective in changing perceived drinking norms and alcohol consumption. This suggests the intervention was effective in correcting normative misperceptions of tailgating alcohol use, which was subsequently associated with reduced alcohol consumption. Findings provide preliminary support for the efficacy of an event-specific text-message PFI.

scholarly journals Mathematical Game Theory in Civil Engineering Fire Safety

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 ◽  
pp. 03034
Author(s):  
Olga Shikuskaya ◽  
Galina Abuova ◽  
Ivan Vatunskiy ◽  
Mikhail Shikulskiy
Keyword(s):  
Game Theory ◽  
Fire Safety ◽  
Payoff Matrix ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Space Planning ◽  
Planning Decisions ◽  
Development Scenarios ◽  
Mathematical Game ◽  
Theory Application ◽  
Theory Use

In the analysis of the project documentation of a two-storeyed sports complex it was established that despite compliance of the project to all standards in the fire safety field, under certain conditions there is a danger of a delay of full people evacuation from the gym room in case of fire that can entail people’s death. For the purpose of ensuring fire safety several versions of space-planning decisions were considered. The scientific literature analysis showed efficiency of game theory use in the field of fire safety, however in the field of fire safety in construction it was not applied yet. Game theory Application (games with the nature in the conditions of uncertainty) for the revealed problem solution was proved. Three possible scenarios of emergence and development of the fire and four alternative space-planning decisions were considered. For all development scenarios of the fire time of critical values achievement of dangerous fire factors was defined. All necessary evacuation schemes are made and calculations are executed. On the calculated parameters basis the payoff matrix was constructed. An optimal variant of space-planning decisions was chosen. Research results showed expediency and efficiency of game theory application in the field of fire safety in construction.

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