scholarly journals Factors associated with unsafe work behaviours in an Iranian petrochemical company: Perspectives of workers, supervisors, and safety managers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Zahiri Harsini ◽  
Fazlollah Ghofranipour ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Safety Management ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
Taking Action

Abstract Background: The petrochemical industry is hazardous, in part because of the inherently dangerous nature of the work conducted, and incidents frequently result in significant financial and social losses. The most common immediate cause of incidents and injuries in this industry is unsafe worker behaviour. Identifying the factors encouraging unsafe work behaviours is the first step in taking action to discourage them. The aim of this study was to (a) explore workers', supervisors' and safety managers' attitudes and perceptions of safety in a petrochemical company in Iran, and (b) identify the factors that discourage safe work behaviours. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted by applying the steps described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Twenty participants were recruited from an Iranian petrochemical company using a multi-stage approach, with initial purposive sampling followed by snowball sampling to enhance recruitment. Individual face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of factors acting as barriers to safe behaviour. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Persian and then translated into English. Conventional content analysis was performed. Results: The main themes emerging from the interviews were: (i) poor direct safety management and supervision; (ii) unsafe workplace conditions; (iii) workers' perceptions, skills and training; and (iv) broader organisational factors. Conclusions: The findings give insights into practical organisational measures that can be implemented by management to promote workers’ commitment to safety and engage in safe behaviours in their workplace. Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018.

scholarly journals Factors associated with unsafe work behaviours in an Iranian petrochemical company: Perspectives of workers, supervisors, and safety managers

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Zahiri Harsini ◽  
Fazlollah Ghofranipour ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
Farkhondeh Amin Shokravi ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Safe Work ◽  
Petrochemical Company ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
Taking Action

Abstract Background: The petrochemical industry is hazardous, in part because of the inherently dangerous nature of the work conducted, and incidents frequently result in significant financial and social losses. The most common immediate cause of incidents and injuries in this industry is unsafe worker behaviour. Identifying the factors encouraging unsafe work behaviours is the first step in taking action to discourage them. The aim of this study was to (a) explore workers’, supervisors’ and safety managers’ attitudes and perceptions of safety in a petrochemical company in Iran, and (b) identify the factors that discourage safe work behaviours. Methods: A qualitative study was conducted by following analysis steps described by Graneheim and Lundman (2004). Eighteen participants were recruited from an Iranian petrochemical company using purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Individual face-to-face and semi-structured interviews were conducted to gain an in-depth understanding of factors acting as barriers to safe behaviour. The interviews were recorded and transcribed in Persian and then translated into English. Conventional content analysis was performed. Results: The main themes emerging from the interviews were: (i) poor direct safety management and supervision; (ii) unsafe workplace conditions; (iii) workers' perceptions, skills and training; and (iv) broader organisational factors. Conclusions: The findings give insights into practical organisational measures that can be implemented by management to promote workers’ commitment to safety and engage in safe behaviours in their workplace. Keywords: safe work behaviours; occupational health; petrochemical industry; workplace accidents; industrial hazards

scholarly journals Improving the Performance of Hospital Information Systems Using Six Sigma for Kermanshah Province Hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Javad Jamshidi ◽  
Mahdi Hosseinpour ◽  
Hamed Heshmati ◽  
Bahareh Fathi Zolmabadi
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Information Systems ◽  
Six Sigma ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Hospital Performance ◽  
Hospital Information Systems ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Information Control ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews

Background: Performance improvement in hospitals requires an appropriate model for performance evaluation. Because organizational goals cannot be achieved without a comprehensive model for evaluating and reviewing programs, organizations cannot apply effective management of programs without regard to the results of their activities. Objectives: The purpose of this study is to introduce a new model for improving the performance of hospital information systems using Six Sigma method in Kermanshah province hospitals. Methods: This is a qualitative research based on content analysis and Delphi method. The data are collected through semi-structured interviews and the participants are 19 experts in hospital performance systems which were selected by snowball sampling. After transcribing the interviews, three steps were done using content analysis: firstly, using line-by-line coding (or open coding) words and segments of interviews were coded, secondly, each code was conceptualized and categorized into some axial codes based on focused coding, and finally, selective coding was done in which categories were identified based on axial codes’ similarity, conceptual relationship and common characteristics. Results: The results of the coding of the interviews showed that variables such as reduction of medical errors, improvement of hospital quality of services, promotion of hospital efficiency and productivity, quick and easy access to information, increased patient satisfaction and safety, management and cost reduction, and time management and control influences the performance of hospital information systems. Conclusions: For improving hospital information systems, hospital managers and system developers should not only pay attention to variables which are controlled by the software and are least affected by the human resources of the organization; such as: cost control, quality control, information control and time control but also human based variables such as specialization of the staffs, their motivation, reduce errors and etc., which are sometimes neglected.

Issues in the financing and provision of Orthotics and Prosthetics services in Iran: Protocol for a Qualitative Research Study (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shahabi ◽  
Ahmad Ahmadi ◽  
Hosein Shabaninejad
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Content Analysis Method ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Policy Solutions

BACKGROUND The demand for rehabilitation services, including Orthotics and prosthetics services, is increasing. Traffic injuries, Eight-years imposed war, natural disasters, aging, and chronic diseases are the main causes of disability in Iran that lead to the great need for receiving these services. This study will attempt to identify the challenges in the financing and provision of Orthotics and Prosthetics services in Iran and declare the policy solutions to improve the financing and delivery of these services in line with the universal health coverage. OBJECTIVE This study aims to explore the challenges in the financing and provision of the Orthotics and Prosthetics services in Iran and propose policy solutions to strengthen this sector. METHODS This study will use the qualitative content analysis method for understanding the challenges. The study population of this study will be all clinicians, academics, and policy-makers who involved in the financing and provision of the Orthotics and Prosthetics services. The purposeful sampling, as well as the snowball sampling, will be used to select the informants. The individual face-to-face semi-structured interviews will be conducted in Tehran, Isfahan, and Shiraz. Furthermore, telephone and Skype interviews will be applied to participants who lived in other regions. This project will be performed from 2019 to 2020. RESULTS We believe the results will lead to identifying challenges and also policy solutions to strengthen the Orthotics and Prosthetics services in the healthcare system and improve the utilization in Iran. CONCLUSIONS The findings will inform the policy-makers to better planning in Iran and internationally.

scholarly journals Safe behaviour in the petrochemical industry: Evaluating the consistency between conceptual frameworks and factors reported by Iranian workers (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Zahiri Harsini ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
Lynda R Matthews ◽  
Fazlollah Ghofranipour ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Theoretical Models ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Industrial Settings ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
And Training

BACKGROUND Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry. OBJECTIVE The aims of the current study are to conduct a literature review to identify theoretical models that have been proposed to explain and predict safe behaviour in the workplace between 2000 and 2019 and then select the model that best reflects our findings and other evidence on the factors influencing safe behaviours among petrochemical workers. METHODS Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. RESULTS The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study. CONCLUSIONS Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings. CLINICALTRIAL Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Retrospectively Registered 19 June 2018, https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107 INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-10.1186/s12889-019-7126-1

scholarly journals 'Back to School after PhD': Exploring Teachers' Work Experiences

2021 ◽  
Vol VI (I) ◽  
pp. 78-85
Author(s):  
Muhammad Saqib ◽  
Syed Abdul Waheed ◽  
Nadia Gilani
Keyword(s):  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Phenomenological Analysis ◽  
Work Experiences ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Education Department ◽  
School Teachers ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Content Expert ◽  
Study Results

Working in a school after attaining one of the highest research degrees is uncommon in academia. Nevertheless, this is an emerging phenomenon due to an increased number of PhDs in Pakistan. Yet, many PhDs are unemployed. On the other hand, a school is a place that requires content expert and pedagogically skilled teachers. In the present study, the researchers attempted to address the central questions of the study; how is it like to work in schools after completing PhD and how do PhDs experience being the most qualified persons teaching in schools? A phenomenological approach was employed to uncover participants lived experiences of working in schools. Thirteen PhDs were approached through snowball sampling who were teaching in schools. The data were collected through face-to-face semi-structured interviews at different schools that were analyzed using phenomenological analysis. As a result, three main themes and two sub-themes emerged from the interview transcripts. The themes included working in schools, joining the school after PhD (sub-themes; teaching and managing classroom, assessing and interaction with students) and working with non-PhDs. The study results have implications for PhDs working in schools, other school teachers and heads of the school, and the school education department.

scholarly journals LIVED EXPERIENCES OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN MASVINGO CITY: SUCCESSES, FAILURES AND SURVIVAL STRATEGIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takupiwa Nyanga ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Women Entrepreneurs ◽  
Economies Of Scale ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Advanced Technology ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Success Stories

There has been a significant increase in the number of women entrepreneurs in various sectors of the economy throughout the world. Some women entrepreneurs registered some success stories, while others dismally failed and ended up poorer than they were before they started their businesses. The main purpose of this study was to establish the successes, failures and survival strategies of women entrepreneurs in Masvingo city, Zimbabwe. A qualitative research methodology was employed to carry out the study. Face-to-face semi-structured interviews were conducted on 40 (forty) participants who were selected by using the snowball sampling technique. Thematic data analysis approach was utilized to analyse the collected data. It was found that despite some registered failures and challenges like failing to retain staff, failing to raise adequate capital, and failing to access advanced technology, a significant number of women entrepreneurs were generally successful in launching, maintaining and growing their businesses. The strategies which women entrepreneurs employed to survive, included among others, buying raw materials or goods for resale in bulk to enjoy the economies of scale; pegging prices and selling their products in United States Dollars (USD); pegging prices in USD and selling products at the prevailing Zimbabwean Dollar exchange rate; or hiring competent staff to ensure that workers were appropriately motivated. It was recommended that women entrepreneurs should continuously scan the macro- and micro-environments to identify new opportunities as well as emerging business threats.

scholarly journals Peace, Protest and Precarity: Making Conceptual Sense of Young People’s Non-violent Dissent in a Period of Intersecting Crises

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bowman ◽  
Sarah Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Young People ◽  
Young Generation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Bearing Witness ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Peace And Justice ◽  
The Social ◽  
Historically Situated ◽  
Taking Action

Abstract The current young generation are living through socio-historically situated intersecting crises, including precarity and climate change. In these times of crisis, young people are also bearing witness to a distinctive global wave of youth-led activism involving protest actions. Much of this activism can be deemed dissent because many young activists are calling for systemic change, including the radical disruption, reimagining and rebuilding of the social, economic and political status quo. In this interdisciplinary article, between politics and peace studies, we investigate how the concept of peace plays an important role in some young dissent, and specifically the dissent of young people taking action on climate change. We observed that these young environmental activists often describe their actions in careful terms of positive peace, non-violence, kindness and care, in order to express their dissent as what we interpret as positive civic behaviour. They also use concepts grounded in peace and justice to navigate their economic, political and social precarity. Based on a youth-centred study, drawing on insightful face to face semi-structured interviews in Britain and France with school climate strikers, Friday For Future (FFF) and Extinction Rebellion (XR) activists, we explore how young environmental activists themselves related their dissent, and especially how they attached importance to it being non-violent and/or peaceful. Stemming from our findings, we discuss how young environmental activists’ vision of violence and non-violence adapted to the structural and personal violence they face at the complex intersections of young marginalization, global inequalities and injustices in the lived impact of climate change and the policing of protest.

scholarly journals Safe Behaviour in The Petrochemical Industry: Evaluating The Consistency Between Conceptual Frameworks and Factors Reported by Iranian Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Zahiri Harsini ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
Lynda R Matthews ◽  
Fazlollah Ghofranipour ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Industrial Settings ◽  
Safety Cultures ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry.Methods: Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. Results: The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study.Conclusions: Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018. https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107

scholarly journals Safe Behaviour in the Petrochemical Industry: Evaluating the Consistency Between Conceptual Frameworks and Factors Reported by Iranian Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Zahiri Harsini ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
Lynda R Matthews ◽  
Fazlollah Ghofranipour ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Industrial Settings ◽  
Safety Cultures ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry.Methods: Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. Results: The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study.Conclusions: Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018, https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107.

scholarly journals Safe Behaviour in the Petrochemical Industry: Evaluating the Consistency Between Conceptual Frameworks and Factors Reported by Iranian Workers

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azita Zahiri Harsini ◽  
Philip Bohle ◽  
Lynda R Matthews ◽  
Fazlollah Ghofranipour ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Petrochemical Industry ◽  
Safety Management ◽  
Workplace Conditions ◽  
Industrial Settings ◽  
Safety Cultures ◽  
Safety Models ◽  
The One ◽  
Organisational Factors ◽  
And Training

Abstract Background: Unsafe worker behaviour is often identified as a major cause of dangerous incidents in the petrochemical industry. Behavioural safety models provide frameworks that may help to prevent such incidents by identifying factors promoting safe or unsafe behaviour. A literature review was conducted to identify models of safe behaviour and determine which were most consistent with the experiences reported by workers in our qualitative study of the Iranian petrochemical industry.Methods: Five databases (EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, ProQuest, Science Direct, Scopus) were searched for studies between 2000 and 2019 that evaluated antecedents and outcomes of safe workplace behaviours in the petrochemical industry or other industrial settings. After duplications were removed, 141 publications were screened and 31 that met the inclusion criteria were reviewed. Constructs described in each publication were assessed for consistency with themes derived from the interview responses from Iranian petrochemical workers in the qualitative study: poor direct safety management and supervision; unsafe workplace conditions; workers' perceptions, skills and training; and broader organisational factors. Results: The themes identified in the qualitative study most closely matched those in the model described by Wu et al. (2011): poor direct safety management and supervision matched with safety leadership and several subscales; unsafe workplace conditions matched with several subscales; workers' perceptions, skills and training matched with two subscales, and broader organisational factors matched with two other subscales. The model selected was the one that included the most constructs matching the themes identified in the qualitative study.Conclusions: Valid behavioural safety models can provide a basis for more effective safety cultures and management systems in selected contexts. This study identified most consistency between themes elicited from Iranian petrochemical workers and the constructs described by Wu et al. (2011), providing evidence of the validity of their model. Intervention studies are needed to assess the effectiveness of safety models in improving safe behaviours in industrial settings.Trial registration: Iranian Registry of Clinical Trials: IRCT20170515033981N2. Registered 19 June 2018. https://www.irct.ir/trial/26107.

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