scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiaojiao zhang ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Point Light

Abstract Background: Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results: Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (PN) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions: The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf’s shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiaojiao zhang ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Point Light

Abstract Background: Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results: Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate ( P N ) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions: The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf’s shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiaojiao zhang ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Xu Zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Point Light

Abstract Background: Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results: Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (PN) were highest in lilyturf growing under high light. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions: The research demonstrates the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf’s shade adaptation mechanism as indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fluorescence, Chl a, Chl b and Car contents when grown under different irradiances. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting. The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the future.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic performance and growth responses of Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey (Asparagaceae) planted within poplar forests having different canopy densities

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
jiaojiao zhang ◽  
Jian Zhou ◽  
Ling Zhu ◽  
Xu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Light Response ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Point Light

Abstract Background: Liriope muscari (Decne.) L.H. Bailey is a valuable horticultural and medicinal plant that grows under a range of light intensities, from high to low, in the understories of shrubs. To understand how this species adapts to these various environments, we selected two groups of lilyturf growing under poplar trees at two different spacings. Each group was divided into three types, open field, forest edge and shaded forest with high, medium and low irradiance levels, respectively, and then we examined their photosynthetic characteristics, physiology and biomasses. Results: Light saturation point, light compensation point and in situ net photosynthetic rate (PN) were highest in lilyturf growing under high. In contrast, lilyturf growing under low light had a higher apparent quantum yield and Chl a and b contents, indicating that they adapted to low light. Although the leaves of lilyturf growing under low light were small, their root tubers were heavier. Conclusions: The novelty of this research is the demonstration of the eco-physiological basis of lilyturf's shade adaptation mechanisms indicated by photosynthetic activity, chlorophyll fuorescence, Chla, Chlb and Car contents and grown in different irradiance. We believe that lilyturf is a shade-tolerant plant suitable for planting in undergrowth, but attention should be paid to the canopy density of the forest when interplanting.The findings presented here advance our understanding of the photosynthetic characteristics of understory plants and may assist in the optimization of irradiances in the furture. Keywords: chlorophyll fluorescence; diurnal course; light acclimation; light response curve; soil characteristics; path analysis.

Photosynthetic Performance of Invasive Vincetoxicum Species (Apocynaceae)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristine M. Averill ◽  
Antonio DiTommaso ◽  
Thomas H. Whitlow ◽  
Lindsey R. Milbrath
Keyword(s):  
Common Garden ◽  
Forest Edge ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Habitat Associations ◽  
High Light ◽  
Forest Understory ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Specific Leaf Mass ◽  
Leaf Mass ◽  
Wide Range

Knowledge of photosynthetic capacity is crucial for fully understanding a species’ invasive potential and for the development of appropriate control strategies. Although growth and reproductive data are available for the invasive swallowwort vines Vincetoxicum nigrum and V. rossicum, photosynthetic data are wanting. These herbaceous, perennial congeners were introduced from separate European ranges during the late 19th century and became invasive during the following century in the northeastern United States and southeastern Canada. Vincetoxicum nigrum has been observed growing mainly in high light environments, whereas V. rossicum occurs across a wide range of light environments, suggesting niche divergence and that different management strategies might be needed for the two species. In this work, we investigated whether the differing habitat associations of these species is reflected in their photosynthetic capacities and leaf morphology. Photosynthetic parameters and specific leaf mass were determined across a range of light environments represented by four field habitats (common garden, forest edge, old field, and forest understory) and two greenhouse environments (high and low light). In the high-light common garden habitat, V. nigrum achieved 37% higher maximum photosynthetic rates than V. rossicum, but photosynthetic performance of the two species was the same in the forest edge habitat. Additionally, species’ performance was virtually identical in high light, low light, and transitions between high and low light regimes in the greenhouse. Specific leaf mass of V. nigrum was 17% higher in the common garden and 19% higher in the greenhouse compared with V. rossicum. Both invasive Vincetoxicum spp. appear capable of growing within a broad range of light environments and their management should be similar regardless of light environment. Other explanations are required to explain the scarcity of V. nigrum in low light natural areas.

scholarly journals Evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity in the early successional Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. compared to the late successional Hymenaea courbaril L. grown in contrasting light environments

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT. Portes ◽  
DSC. Damineli ◽  
RV. Ribeiro ◽  
JAF. Monteiro ◽  
GM. Souza
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Characteristics ◽  
Light Conditions ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Light Harvesting Complexes ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Hymenaea Courbaril ◽  
Photosynthetic Plasticity ◽  
Successional Species ◽  
Guazuma Ulmifolia

The present study investigated changes in photosynthetic characteristics of Guazuma ulmifolia Lam. (early successional species) and Hymenaea courbaril L. (late successional species) grown in contrasting light conditions as a way of assessing photosynthetic plasticity. Early successional species typically inhabit gap environments being exposed to variability in multiple resources, hence it is expected that these species would show higher photosynthetic plasticity than late successional ones. In order to test this hypothesis, light and CO2 response curves and chlorophyll content (Chl) were measured in plants grown in high and low light environments. G. ulmifolia presented the highest amounts of both Chl a and b, especially in the low light, and both species presented higher Chl a than b in both light conditions. The Chl a/b ratio was higher in high light leaves of both species and greater in G. ulmifolia. Taken together, these results evidence the acclimation potential of both species, reflecting the capacity to modulate light harvesting complexes according to the light environment. However, G. ulmifolia showed evidence of higher photosynthetic plasticity, as indicated by the greater amplitude of variation on photosynthetic characteristics between environments shown by more significant shade adjusted parameters (SAC) and principal component analysis (PCA). Thus, the results obtained were coherent with the hypothesis that the early successional species G. ulmifolia exhibits higher photosynthetic plasticity than the late successional species H. courbaril.

A unique low light adaptation mechanism inRhodobacter azotoformans

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (12) ◽  
pp. 1350-1357 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Li ◽  
Chungui Zhao ◽  
Huiying Yue ◽  
Suping Yang
Keyword(s):  
Light Adaptation ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Adaptation Mechanism

Salt tolerance of the halophyte Limonium delicatulum is more associated with antioxidant enzyme activities than phenolic compounds

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (7) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Souid Aymen ◽  
Gabriele Morena ◽  
Longo Vincenzo ◽  
Pucci Laura ◽  
Bellani Lorenza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Performance ◽  
Polyphenolic Compounds ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Antioxidant Responses ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Biochemical Assays ◽  
Nacl Concentration

In this work we studied the effect of salinity (ranging from 50 to 500 mM NaCl) on the physiological and the antioxidant responses of the local halophyte Limonium delicatulum Kuntze. We based our analysis on 12 biochemical assays that are commonly used to measure the antioxidant responses under stress such as oxidative stress markers, enzymes activities and polyphenolic compounds. Our aim was to study parameters that are strongly correlated with the growth response to salinity. Results showed two different growth responses depending on the concentration of NaCl in the medium. Under 50 to 200 mM, the growth was stimulated before it decreased significantly at 300–500 mM. L. delicatulum revealed a good aptitude to maintain photosynthetic machinery by increasing the concentrations of photosynthetic pigments, which is essential for the stabilisation of photosystems and the photosynthesis process under optimal NaCl concentration. Their breakdown at higher salinity decreased the photosynthetic performance of plants resulting in growth inhibition. Moreover, to reduce the damaging effect of oxidative stress and to tolerate the accumulation of salt ions, L. delicatulum induced the activities of their antioxidant enzymes more than their contents in polyphenolic compounds.

scholarly journals Microzooplankton grazing and phytoplankton growth in marine mesocosms with increased CO<sub>2</sub> levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Suffrian ◽  
P. Simonelli ◽  
J. C. Nejstgaard ◽  
S. Putzeys ◽  
Y. Carotenuto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rates ◽  
Standing Stock ◽  
Measured Parameter ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Pigment Analysis ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Co2 Levels ◽  
Algae Growth ◽  
Microzooplankton Grazing

Abstract. Microzooplankton grazing and algae growth responses to increasing pCO2 levels (350, 700 and 1050 μatm) were investigated in nitrate and phosphate fertilized mesocosms during the PeECE III experiment 2005. Grazing and growth rates were estimated by the dilution technique combined with taxon specific HPLC pigment analysis. Phytoplankton and microzooplankton composition were determined by light microscopy. Despite a range up to 3 times the present CO2 levels, there were no clear differences in any measured parameter between the different CO2 treatments. Thus, during the first 9 days of the experiment the algae community standing stock (SS), measured as chlorophyll a (Chl a), showed the highest instantaneous grow rates (0.02–0.99 d-1) and increased from ca 2–3 to 6–12 μg l−1, in all mesocosms. Afterwards the phytoplankton SS decreased in all mesocosms until the end of the experiment. The microzooplankton SS, that was mainly dinoflagellates and ciliates varied between 23 and 130 μg C l−1, peaking on day 13–15, apparently responding to the phytoplankton development. Instantaneous Chl a growth rates were generally higher than the grazing rates, indicating only a limited overall effect of microzooplankton grazing on the most dominant phytoplankton. Diatoms and prymnesiophytes were significantly grazed (14–43% of the SS d-1) only in the pre-bloom phase when they were in low numbers and in the post-bloom phase when they were already limited by low nutrients and/or virus lysis. The cyanobacteria populations appeared more effected by microzooplankton grazing, generally removing 20–65% of the SS d−1.

Light-dependent seedling survival and growth of four tree species in Costa Rican second-growth rain forests

2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 383-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Iriarte Vivar Balderrama ◽  
Robin L. Chazdon
Keyword(s):  
Tree Species ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Low Light ◽  
Growth Increments ◽  
Light Gradient ◽  
Second Growth ◽  
Survival And Growth

The dependence of tree seedling survival and growth on light availability was evaluated over 15 mo in three second-growth, wet forest stands (15–18 y old) in north-eastern Costa Rica. Seedlings of four canopy tree species (Dipteryx panamensis, Hyeronima alchorneoides, Virola koschnyi and Vochysia guatemalensis) were planted into four canopy treatments in three replicated stands and in a pasture site, spanning a nearly complete gradient of light availability. Survival and growth of all species increased in response to increasing light availability, but species differed in survival in shaded microsites (6–20% light transmittance) and in growth increments per light increase. Hyeronima showed the highest mortality at low light levels and the highest relative height growth increase per light increase. In contrast, Virola showed high survival at low and moderate light, but showed the lowest leaf area and above-ground biomass per light increase among all species. Dipteryx and Vochysia maintained relatively high rates of survival and growth across the entire light gradient. Hyeronima and Virola showed trade-offs between growth and survival responses to light, unlike Dipteryx and Vochysia. Differences among species in seedling survival at low light may be determined by a variety of physiological and morphological traits that may or may not be mechanistically linked to growth responses.

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