scholarly journals Trehalose increases jejunum cytoplasmic lipid droplets and suppresses adipocyte hypertrophy

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Arai ◽  
Aki Suyama ◽  
Shigeyuki Arai ◽  
Norie Arai ◽  
Chiyo Yoshizane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Abstract Background: Trehalose is a functional disaccharide that has anti-metabolic activities such as suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in mice and alleviation of impaired glucose tolerance in humans. Trehalase hydrolyzes trehalose in the small intestine into two glucose molecules. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose can suppress adipocyte hypertrophy in mice in the presence or absence of trehalase. Methods: Trehalase knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and administered water with 0.3% (w/v) or without trehalose for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, mesenteric adipose tissues and the small intestine were collected and the adipocyte size and proportion of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs, %) in jejunum epithelium were measured by image analysis. Results: Trehalose treatment was associated with suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy in both trehalase KO and WT mice. The rate of CLDs in the jejunal epithelium was increased in both trehalase KO and WT mice given water containing trehalose relative to untreated control mice. Since there was a negative correlation between jejunal epithelial lipid droplet volume and mesenteric adipocyte size, together with these results, trehalose treatment would suppress adipocyte hypertrophy. Because of jejunal epithelium containing lipid droplets falled into the intestinal lumen, triglyceride (TG) levels in feces tended to be higher in the KO/HFD/Tre group than in the KO/HFD/Water group. Whereas feces from trehalose-treated trehalase KO and WT mice tended to have more free fatty acids (FFA) than the untreated groups. Chylomicron-TG tended to be decreased in both trehalose-treated trehalase KO and WT mice. In vitro , addition of trehalose to differentiated Caco-2 cells increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and decreased secretion of the chylomicron marker ApoB48. Conclusions: The suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in the presence and absence of trehalase indicates that trehalose mediates effects prior to being hydrolyzed into glucose. In both trehalase KO and WT mice, trehalose treatment increased the rate of CLDs in jejunal epithelium, reduced chylomicron migration from the intestinal epithelium to the periphery, and suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy. Thus, trehalose ingestion could prevent metabolic syndrome by trapping fat droplets in the intestinal epithelium and suppressing rapid increases in chylomicrons.

Trehalose itself plays a critical role on lipid metabolism: Trehalose increases jejunum cytoplasmic lipid droplets which negatively correlated with mesenteric adipocyte size in both HFD-fed trehalase KO and WT mice

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chikako Arai ◽  
Aki Suyama ◽  
Shigeyuki Arai ◽  
Norie Arai ◽  
Chiyo Yoshizane ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy ◽  
Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets ◽  
Metabolic Activities

Abstract Background: Trehalose is a functional disaccharide that has anti-metabolic activities such as suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in mice and alleviation of impaired glucose tolerance in humans. Trehalase hydrolyzes trehalose in the small intestine into two glucose molecules. In this study, we investigated whether trehalose can suppress adipocyte hypertrophy in mice in the presence or absence of trehalase. Methods: Trehalase knockout (KO) mice and wild-type (WT) mice were fed a high fat diet (HFD) and administered water with 0.3% (w/v) or without trehalose for 8 weeks. At the end of the experimental period, mesenteric adipose tissues and the small intestine were collected and the adipocyte size and proportion of cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs, %) in jejunum epithelium were measured by image analysis. Results: Trehalose treatment was associated with suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy in both trehalase KO and WT mice. The rate of CLDs in the jejunal epithelium was increased in both trehalase KO and WT mice given water containing trehalose relative to untreated control mice. There was a negative correlation between jejunal epithelial lipid droplet volume and mesenteric adipocyte size. Chylomicron-TG tended to be decreased in both trehalose-treated trehalase KO and WT mice. Addition of trehalose to differentiated Caco-2 cellsin vitro increased intracytoplasmic lipid droplets and decreased secretion of the chylomicron marker ApoB-48. Moreover, the jejunal epithelium containing lipid droplets falled into the intestinal lumen, and triglyceride (TG) levels in feces tended to be higher in the KO/HFD/Tre group than in the KO/HFD/Water group. Since then, the accumulation of CLDs has been reported to suppress CM secretion, and along with our results, the effect of trehalose to increase jejunum CLDs may induce adipocyte hypertrophy. Conclusions: The suppression of adipocyte hypertrophy in the presence and absence of trehalase indicates that trehalose mediates effects prior to being hydrolyzed into glucose. In both trehalase KO and WT mice, trehalose treatment increased the rate of CLDs in jejunal epithelium, reduced chylomicron migration from the intestinal epithelium to the periphery, and suppressed adipocyte hypertrophy. Thus, trehalose ingestion could prevent metabolic syndrome by trapping fat droplets in the intestinal epithelium and suppressing rapid increases in chylomicrons.

Absorption of beta-casomorphins from autoperfused lamb and piglet small intestine

1990 ◽  
Vol 259 (3) ◽  
pp. G443-G452 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. Read ◽  
A. P. Lord ◽  
V. Brantl ◽  
G. Koch
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Physiological Conditions ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Gut Epithelium ◽  
Measured Absorption ◽  
Beta Casein ◽  
Kinetics Of

beta-Casomorphins (beta-CMs) derived from milk beta-casein may exert various opiate activities in milk-fed infants. To assess the physiological significance of beta-CMs as a source of circulating opioids in infants, we measured absorption rates of several beta-CMs under near-physiological conditions using in situ autoperfused lamb intestine. The naturally occurring beta-CMs, beta-CM-7 and beta-CM-4-amide, were absorbed readily into blood with no transfer into lymph. Uptake peaked within several minutes of the luminal infusion of peptide but then declined sharply and stopped within a further 10-15 min. The recovery in blood, intestinal contents, and tissue at the end of the 30-min experiment was less than 1% of the infused dose. The low recovery was due to rapid proteolysis based on in vitro studies that demonstrated half-lives of less than 5 min in lamb blood, luminal contents, and lymph. The synthetic dipeptidyl peptidase IV-resistant analogue beta-[D-Ala2]CM- 4-amide was stable during incubation in blood, lymph, or luminal contents and was absorbed into blood at rates that were maximal within several minutes and remained steady for the 30-min period. We conclude that although natural beta-CMs are transferred across the lamb small intestine, rapid degradation within the intestinal lumen, gut epithelium, and blood would prevent entry into the circulation under normal conditions. Val-beta-CM-7, a putative stable precursor, had similar stability and kinetics of absorption to beta-CM-7, results that exclude Val-beta-CM-7 as a stable precursor for delivery of beta-CMs to the circulation. Essentially identical results to those in lambs were obtained in 7-day-old piglets.

Oral Administration of Chemotherapeutic Agents Using Complexation Hydrogels

2002 ◽  
Vol 724 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Blanchette ◽  
Kinam Park ◽  
Nicholas A Peppas
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Uv Spectrophotometry ◽  
Ph Responsive ◽  
Poly Ethylene Glycol ◽  
Target Delivery ◽  
Poly Ethylene

AbstractCarriers were synthesized to target delivery of a chemotherapeutic agent, bleomycin, to the upper small intestine in response to the pH shift when entering the upper small intestine from the stomach. Complexation hydrogels capable of pH-responsive swelling were used to form these carriers. Hydrogel nanospheres composed of methacrylic acid (MAA) and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) were loaded with bleomycin. Loading of bleomycin was performed by in situ polymerization and release of bleomycin from the nanospheres was measured by UV spectrophotometry. Results showed that bleomycin release from the nanospheres was responsive to the pH of the environment surrounding the nanospheres. In addition to pH-responsive release of bleomycin, the hydrogel nanospheres are also able to enhance the permeability of an in vitro model of the intestinal epithelium. Increasing the permeability of the intestinal epithelium could aid in transport of bleomycin from the lumen of the small intestine out into the bloodstream.

scholarly journals Part of quercetin absorbed in the small intestine is conjugated and further secreted in the intestinal lumen

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (1) ◽  
pp. G120-G126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Crespy ◽  
Christine Morand ◽  
Claudine Manach ◽  
Catherine Besson ◽  
Christian Demigne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Wall ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Intestinal Cells ◽  
Biliary Duct ◽  
In Situ Perfusion ◽  
Perfusion Period ◽  
Hydrolysis Of

Rutin and quercetin absorption and metabolism were investigated in rats after in situ perfusion of jejunum plus ileum (15 nmol/min). In contrast to rutin, a high proportion of quercetin (two-thirds) disappeared during perfusion, reflecting extensive transfer into the intestinal wall. Net quercetin absorption was not complete (2.1 nmol/min), inasmuch as 52% were reexcreted in the lumen as conjugated derivatives (7.7 nmol/min). Enterohepatic recycling contribution of flavonoids was excluded by catheterization of the biliary duct before perfusion. After a 30-min perfusion period, 0.71 μM of quercetin equivalents were detected in plasma, reflecting a significant absorption from the small intestine. The differential hydrolysis of effluent samples by glucuronidase and/or sulfatase indicates that the conjugated forms released in the lumen were 1) glucuronidated derivatives of quercetin and of its methoxylated forms (64%) and 2) sulfated form of quercetin (36%). In vitro quercetin glucuronides synthetized using jejunal and ileal microsomal fractions were similar to those recovered in the effluent of perfusion. These data suggest that glucuronidation and sulfatation take place in intestinal cells, whereas no glucurono-sulfoconjugates could be detected in the effluent. The present work shows that a rapid quercetin absorption in the small intestine is very effective together with its active conjugation in intestinal cells.

scholarly journals 160 LIPIDOME SIGNATURES IN EARLY BOVINE EMBRYO DEVELOPMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 210 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Sudano ◽  
T. D. S. Rascado ◽  
A. Tata ◽  
K. R. A. Belaz ◽  
V. G. Santos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Embryonic Development ◽  
Embryo Development ◽  
Fluorescence Intensity ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Membrane Phospholipids ◽  
Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets ◽  
Specific Lipid

Mammalian pre-implantation embryonic development is a complex, conserved, and well-orchestrated process involving dynamic molecular and structural changes. Understanding the membrane lipid profile fluctuation during this crucial period is fundamental to address cellular and molecular mechanisms governing embryogenesis. A full understanding of stage-specific lipid signatures in early bovine embryo development is, however, still lacking. The aim of the present work was to characterise stage-specific changes in lipid profiles during early bovine embryonic development. Immature oocytes were recovered from slaughterhouse-derived bovine ovaries and assigned among 5 in vitro developmental stages for lipid characterisation: immature oocytes, 2-cell embryos (32–40 h post-insemination), 8 to 16-cell embryos (72 h post-insemination), morulas (120 h post-insemination), and blastocysts (168 h post-insemination). Two different culture media were used for in vitro embryo production, SOFaaci medium supplemented with 2.5% of serum and serum-free SOF-BE1 medium. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets content and membrane phospholipids profiles for each development stage were assessed by lipid staining (Nile red; n = 5–9) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization as a mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MS; n = 5–9), respectively. For statistical analysis, univariate and multivariate models were used to compare lipid droplets content and membrane phospholipids profiles. Cytoplasmic lipid droplets content increased from minimum in the immature oocyte stage to maximum at the morula stage, followed by a sharp drop at the blastocyst stage (58.4 ± 10.5ac, 62.5 ± 9.4ac, 85.9 ± 8.2a, 148.3 ± 7.4b, 37.4 ± 9.9c of fluorescence intensity per embryo area, respectively, for immature oocyte, 2-cells, 8 to 16-cells, morulas, and blastocysts; abcP < 0.05). More cytoplasmic lipid droplets were detected in morulas and blastocyts cultured in SOFaaci than in SOF-BE1 (morulas, 162.6 ± 11.3 v. 137.1 ± 9.2 of fluorescence intensity per embryo area, respectively, P < 0.05; blastocysts, 49.9 ± 9.9 v. 20.7 ± 9.9 of fluorescence intensity per embryo area, respectively, P < 0.05). Characteristic dynamic changes of unsaturation level, acyl chain length and class composition (phosphatidylcholines, sphingomyelins, and phosphatidylethanolamines) of phospholipid profiles were observed during early embryo development. This study provides a comprehensive analysis, involving lipid staining and mass spectrometry evaluation, of stage-specific lipid signatures during bovine in vitro embryo development. These results may be useful for assessing the role of specific lipid species during important events of embryogenesis. Research was supported by CNPq, FAPESP, and FAPERGS.

scholarly journals Betaine Ameliorates Hyperosmotic Stress-Induced Apoptosis and Autophagy of Porcine Intestinal Epithelium In Vivo and Vitro.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shuyi Xu ◽  
Shiyi Lu ◽  
Haichao Wang ◽  
Sisi Li ◽  
Jie Feng
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Normal Function ◽  
Hyperosmotic Stress ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Autophagic Flux ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Elevated Expression ◽  
Induced Apoptosis

Abstract Background: Hyperosmotic stress resulting from lumen contents is a big challenge to the normal function of the intestinal epithelium. Betaine is a potent organic osmolyte, but it is mostly studied in kidney. The purpose of this study was to gain insight into the osmoprotectant role of betaine in intestinal epithelium of piglets and intestinal porcine epithelial cells (IPEC-J2 cells) under hyperosmotic condition.Results: The result showed that the osmolarity of intestinal chyme was much higher than that of plasma (P < 0.05), indicating a natural hyperosmotic environment of intestinal lumen and subsequently leading to hyperosmotic stress to intestinal epithelium. Meanwhile, hyperosmolarity corresponding to intestinal environment was simulated by 150 mmol/L NaCl in vitro and caused a significant decrease of cell viability (P < 0.05). It was found that betaine could remarkably decrease hyperosmolarity-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) of intestinal epithelium in vivo and vitro (P < 0.05) with the significant restoration of cell shrinkage (P < 0.05). Furthermore, since hyperosmolarity caused mitochondrial-related apoptosis with the remarkable increase of cleaved Caspase3, cleaved PARP-1, cytoplasm cytochrome c as well as obvious decrease of Bcl-2 in protein level (P < 0.05), betaine prevented mitochondria from membrane collapse and alleviated apoptosis (P < 0.05) in vivo and vitro. Meanwhile, it was also confirmed that betaine reduced hyperosmotic stress-induced apoptotic incidence in IPEC-J2 cells via fluorescence microscope and flow cytometry (P < 0.05). In addition, betaine supplementation significantly suppressed hyperosmotic stress-induced elevated expression of LC3 II and reduced expression of p62 (P < 0.05). indicating that betaine ameliorated autophagy of porcine intestinal epithelium caused by hyperosmolarity in vivo and vitro. Autophagic flux determined by mRFP-GFP-LC3B system in IPEC-J2 cells was in agreement with the result of western blotting as well (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Betaine could alleviate hyperosmotic stress-induced cell shrinkage, ROS accumulation as well as ameliorate subsequently apoptosis and autophagy in small intestinal epithelium of piglets and IPEC-J2 cells.

scholarly journals Doxorubicin increases permeability of murine small intestinal epithelium and cultured T84 monolayers

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Cray ◽  
Breanna J. Sheahan ◽  
Jocsa E. Cortes ◽  
Christopher M. Dekaney
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Protein Localization ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
T84 Cells ◽  
Small Intestinal Epithelium ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Bacterial Products

AbstractEnteric bacteria and/or their products are necessary for doxorubicin (DXR)-induced small intestine mucosal damage. While DXR does not induce gross loss of epithelium, others have shown elevated serum endotoxin after DXR administration. However, the mechanism of movement is unknown. We hypothesized that DXR treatment resulted in increased paracellular translocation of bacteria or bacterial products through the small intestinal epithelium. We measured permeability after DXR administration using transepithelial resistance and macromolecular flux and assessed tight junctional gene expression and protein localization both in vitro using T84 cells and ex vivo using murine jejunum. DXR treatment increased flux of 4 kDa dextrans in mouse jejenum, but increased flux of 4, 10 and 20 kDa dextrans in T84 cells. Following DXR, we observed increased permeability, both in vitro and ex vivo, independent of bacteria. DXR induced increased expression of Cldn2 and Cldn4 in murine small intestine but increased only CLDN2 expression in T84 cells. DXR treatment induced disorganization of tight junctional proteins. We conclude that DXR increases paracellular transit of small macromolecules, including bacterial products, through the epithelium, by altering expression of tight junctional components and dynamic loosening of cellular tight junctions.

scholarly journals Starch digestion kinetics and mechanisms of hydrolysing enzymes in growing pigs fed processed and native cereal-based diets

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 (10) ◽  
pp. 1124-1136 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bianca M. J. Martens ◽  
Thomas Flécher ◽  
Sonja de Vries ◽  
Henk A. Schols ◽  
Erik M. A. M. Bruininx ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Intestinal Lumen ◽  
Starch Digestion ◽  
Proximal Small Intestine ◽  
Digestion Kinetics ◽  
High Amylose

AbstractThis study aimed to examine in vivo starch digestion kinetics and to unravel the mechanisms of starch hydrolysing enzymes. Ninety pigs (23 (sd 2·1) kg body weight) were assigned to one of nine treatments in a 3×3 factorial arrangement, with starch source (barley, maize, high-amylose (HA) maize) and form (isolated, within cereal matrix, extruded) as factors. We determined starch digestion coefficients (DC), starch breakdown products and digesta retention times in four small-intestinal segments (SI1–4). Starch digestion in SI2 of pigs fed barley and maize, exceeded starch digestion of pigs fed HA maize by 0·20–0·33 DC units (P<0·01). In SI3–4, barley starch were completely digested, whereas the cereal matrix of maize hampered digestion and generated 16 % resistant starch in the small intestine (P<0·001). Extrusion increased the DC of maize and HA maize starch throughout the small intestine but not that of barley (P<0·05). Up to 25 % of starch residuals in the proximal small intestine of pigs was present as glucose and soluble α(1–4) maltodextrins. The high abundance of glucose, maltose and maltotriose in the proximal small intestine indicates activity of brush-border enzymes in the intestinal lumen, which is exceeded by α-amylase activity. Furthermore, we found that in vivo starch digestion exceeded our in vitro predictions for rapidly digested starch, which indicates that the role of the stomach on starch digestion is currently underestimated. Consequently, in vivo glucose release of slowly digestible starch is less gradual than expected, which challenges the prediction quality of the in vitro assay.

scholarly journals Red Raspberry Polyphenols Reduce the High Fat Diet-driven Adipocyte Hypertrophy by Suppressing NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation (P08-028-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rong Fan ◽  
Ashley Toney ◽  
David Giraud ◽  
Mikyoung You ◽  
Judy Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome ◽  
Stromal Vascular Fraction ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Reporter Assay ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Red Raspberry ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Adipocyte Hypertrophy

Abstract Objectives NLRP3 inflammasome is an innate immune machinery for caspase-1 cleavage and IL-1β secretion. Activation of the NLRP3 inflammasome is a metabolic culprit linking adipose inflammation to systemic metabolic dysfunction. Red raspberry (RR) is rich in polyphenols shown to exert protective role against obesity and metabolic syndrome. This study aimed to investigate the impact of RR polyphenols on activation of NLRP3 inflammasome and its metabolic benefits. Methods The whole, seed, and pulp RR polyphenols were fractionated and lyophilized. C57BL/6 male mice were assigned 1 of 5 diets of LF (10% total calorie from fat), HF (45% calorie from fat), or HF diet containing RR polyphenols from whole (0.4%), pulp (0.3%) and seed (0.1%) fraction for 12 weeks. Macrophage infiltration and NLRP3 inflammasome activation were determined by macrophage signature gene/protein expression and caspase-1 cleavage in the epididymal fat and stromal vascular fraction. Adipogenic potential was evaluated by epigenetic marks of H3K27Ac in the stromal vascular fraction. IL-1β reporter assay was used to validate the NLRP3 inflammasome activation in vitro. To explore the paracrine effects of IL-1β in regulating adipogenesis, we designed the conditioned medium experiments between macrophages and C3H10T1/2 murine pluripotent stem cells. Results The whole and pulp, but not seed, RR polyphenols significantly reduced the HF-driven weight gain, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance. Whole or pulp RR polyphenols decreased inflammation, macrophage recruitment, and adipocyte size in epididymal fat compared to HF alone or seed polyphenols. Reduced adipocyte size by whole and pulp polyphenols was linked with 1) reduced NLRP3 inflammasome in the stromal vascular fraction, evidenced by reduced IκBα degradation and caspase-1 cleavage, and 2) augmented new fat cell formation via epigenetic modifications for adipogenesis (i.e., H3K27Ac, H3K9Ac, and H3K4m2). Supporting these in vivo results, RR polyphenol treatment in macrophages not only attenuated IL-1β reporter assay but also reversed the paracrine action of IL-1β in blocking adipogenesis in vitro. Conclusions Blocking NLRP3 by RR polyphenols is a promising dietary intervention strategy to promote healthy adipose remodeling, preventing adipocyte hypertrophy, fatty acid spillover, and further metabolic complications. Funding Sources USDA NIFA.

Characterization of cytoplasmic lipid droplets in each region of the small intestine of lean and diet-induced obese mice in the response to dietary fat

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyssa S. Zembroski ◽  
Theresa D'Aquila ◽  
Kimberly Buhman
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Lipid Droplets ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Size Number ◽  
Associated Proteins ◽  
Cytoplasmic Lipid Droplets ◽  
Distinct Features

The absorptive cells of the small intestine, enterocytes, contribute to postprandial blood lipid levels by secreting dietary triacylglycerol in chylomicrons. The rate and amount of dietary triacylglycerol absorbed varies along the length of the small intestine. Excess dietary triacylglycerol not immediately secreted in chylomicrons can be temporarily stored in cytoplasmic lipid droplets (CLDs) and repackaged in chylomicrons at later times. The characteristics of CLDs, including their size, number per cell, and associated proteins, may influence CLD metabolism and reflect differences in lipid processing or storage in each intestinal region. However, it is unknown whether the characteristics or proteome of CLDs differ in enterocytes of each intestine region in the response to dietary fat. Furthermore, it is unclear if obesity influences the characteristics or proteome of CLDs in each intestine region. To address this, we utilized transmission electron microscopy and shotgun LC-MS/MS analysis to assess the characteristics and proteome of CLDs in the proximal, middle, and distal regions of the small intestine of lean and diet-induced obese (DIO) mice two hours after an oil gavage. We identified differences in lipid storage along the length of the small intestine and between lean and DIO mice, as well as distinct CLD proteomes reflecting potentially unique roles of CLDs in each region. This study reveals differences in lipid processing along the length of the small intestine in response to dietary fat in lean and DIO mice and reflects distinct features of the proximal, middle, distal region of the small intestine.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document