Evidence of nonverbal communication between nurses and older adults: a scoping review

Abstract Background : Communication is an integral part of life and of nurse-patient relationships. Effective communication with patients can improve the quality of care. However, due to specific communication needs in older adults, the communication between them and nurses is not always effective. Additionally, though research has focused on communication, there is scant evidence on nonverbal communication between nurses and older adults with no communication impairment nor mental illness. Methods : This scoping review describes the type of nonverbal communication used by nurses to communicate with older adults. It also describes the older adults’ perceptions of nurses’ nonverbal communication cues. It followed Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. Relevant studies and grey literature were identified by searches in Pubmed, Science Direct, Sabinet, Academic search complete, CINAHL with Full Text, Education Source, Health Source- Consumer Edition, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, and MEDLINE. Google Scholar, and World Health Organization library. The studies and grey literature were then filtered by two reviewers independently. Eligibility criteria for inclusion were: (i) studies focused on nurses’ nonverbal communication with older adults; (ii) studies focused on older adults’ interpretation of nurses’ communication behaviors; (iii) any existing literature from 2000 to 2019 and (iv) literature in English and French. Results : Twenty-two studies were included in this review. The results demonstrate limited published research addressing nonverbal communication between older adults and nurses. The review also revealed that haptics, kinesics, proxemics, and vocalics were most frequently used by nurses when communicating with older adults; while there was limited use of artefacts and chronemics. There was no mention of silence as a nonverbal communication cue used by nurses. Additionally, older adults had both positive and negative perceptions about nurses’ nonverbal communication behaviors. Conclusion : Nurses should be self-aware of their nonverbal communication behaviors as well as the way in which the meanings of the messages might be misinterpreted. In addition, nurses should identify their own style of nonverbal communication and understand its modification as necessary in accordance with patient’s needs.

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Barriers to effective prescribing in older adults: applying the theoretical domains framework in the ambulatory setting – a scoping review

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-020-01766-7 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sabrina Lau ◽

Penny Lun ◽

Wendy Ang ◽

Keng Teng Tan ◽

Yew Yoong Ding

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Inappropriate Prescribing ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Ambulatory Setting ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Related Factors ◽

Prescribing Behaviour ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background As the population ages, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the older adults may become increasingly prevalent. This undermines patient safety and creates a potential source of major morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that influence prescribing behaviour may allow development of interventions to reduce PIP. The aim of this study is to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Methods A scoping review was performed based on the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. From 30 Aug 2018 to 5 Sep 2018, we conducted our search on PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. We also searched five electronic journals, Google and Google Scholar to identify additional sources and grey literature. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria to the title and abstract screening, followed by full text screening, before systematically charting the data. Results A total of 5731 articles were screened. Twenty-nine studies met the selection criteria for qualitative analysis. We mapped our results using the 14-domain TDF, eventually identifying 10 domains of interest for barriers to effective prescribing. Of these, significant domains include physician-related factors such as “Knowledge”, “Skills”, and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”; issues with “Environmental Context and Resources”; and the impact of “Social Influences” and “Emotion” on prescribing behaviour. Conclusion The TDF elicited multiple domains which both independently and collectively lead to barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Changing the prescribing climate will thus require interventions targeting multiple stakeholders, including physicians, patients and hospital/clinic systems. Further work is needed to explore individual domains and guide development of frameworks to aid guide prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting.

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Barriers to Effective Prescribing in Older Adults: Applying the Theoretical Domains Framework in the Ambulatory Setting – A Scoping Review

10.21203/rs.3.rs-19415/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Sabrina Lau ◽

Penny Lun ◽

Wendy Ang ◽

Keng Teng Tan ◽

Yew Yoong Ding

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Inappropriate Prescribing ◽

Theoretical Domains Framework ◽

Ambulatory Setting ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Related Factors ◽

Prescribing Behaviour ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background: As the population ages, potentially inappropriate prescribing (PIP) in the older adults may become increasingly prevalent. This undermines patient safety and creates a potential source of major morbidity and mortality. Understanding the factors that influence prescribing behaviour may allow development of interventions to reduce PIP. The aim of this study is to apply the Theoretical Domains Framework (TDF) to explore barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Methods: A scoping review was performed based on the five-stage methodological framework developed by Arksey and O’Malley. From 30 Aug 2018 to 5 Sep 2018, we conducted our search on PubMed, CINAHL, EMBASE, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Web of Science. We also searched five electronic journals, Google and Google Scholar to identify additional sources and grey literature. Two reviewers applied eligibility criteria to the title and abstract screening, followed by full text screening, before systematically charting the data. Results: A total of 5,731 articles were screened. 29 studies met the selection criteria for qualitative analysis. We mapped our results using the 14-domain TDF, eventually identifying 10 domains of interest for barriers to effective prescribing. Of these, significant domains include physician-related factors such as “Knowledge”, “Skills”, and “Social/Professional Role and Identity”; issues with “Environmental Context and Resources”; and the impact of “Social Influences” and “Emotion” on prescribing behaviour. Conclusion: The TDF elicited multiple domains which both independently and collectively lead to barriers to effective prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting. Changing the prescribing climate will thus require interventions targeting multiple stakeholders, including physicians, patients and hospital/clinic systems. Further work is needed to explore individual domains and guide development of frameworks to aid guide prescribing for older adults in the ambulatory setting.

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The Role of Recipient Characteristics in Health Video Communication Outcomes: Scoping Review (Preprint)

10.2196/preprints.30962 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daniel Adrian Lungu ◽

Jo Røislien ◽

Siri Wiig ◽

Marie Therese Shortt ◽

Francesca Ferrè ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Research Question ◽

Theory Development ◽

Effective Communication ◽

Video Communication ◽

World Health ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Main Research ◽

Health Related ◽

Health Organization

BACKGROUND The importance of effective communication during public health emergencies has been highlighted by the World Health Organization, and it has published guidelines for effective communication in such situations. With video being a popular medium, video communication has been a growing area of study over the past decades and is increasingly used across different sectors and disciplines, including health. Health-related video communication gained momentum during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and video was among the most frequently used modes of communication worldwide. However, although much research has been done regarding different characteristics of video content (the message) and its delivery (the messenger), there is a lack of knowledge about the role played by the characteristics of the recipients for the creation of effective communication. OBJECTIVE The aim of this review is to identify how health video communication outcomes are shaped by recipient characteristics, as such characteristics might affect the effectiveness of communication. The main research question of the study is as follows: do the characteristics of the recipients of health videos affect the outcomes of the communication? METHODS A scoping review describing the existing knowledge within the field was conducted. We searched for literature in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and defined eligibility criteria based on the relevance to the research question. Recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified and classified. RESULTS Of the 1040 documents initially identified, 128 (12.31%) met the criteria for full-text assessment, and 39 (3.75%) met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported 56 recipient characteristics and 42 communication outcomes. The reported associations between characteristics and outcomes were identified, and the potential research opportunities were discussed. Contributions were made to theory development by amending the existing framework of the Integrated-Change model, which is an integrated model of motivational and behavioral change. CONCLUSIONS Although several recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified, there is a lack of robust empirical evidence on the association between them. Further research is needed to understand how the preceding characteristics of the recipients might affect the various outcomes of health video communication.

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A Global Overview of the Geographical Distribution of Dentists: A Scoping Review

JDR Clinical & Translational Research ◽

10.1177/2380084418774316 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 229-237 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

M. Gabriel ◽

M.H. Cayetano ◽

M.L. Galante ◽

F.C. Carrer ◽

G. Dussault ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Scientific Evidence ◽

Evaluation Process ◽

Monitoring And Evaluation ◽

World Health ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Health Organization

The objective of this study was to identify and analyze the geographic distribution of dentists, in the global context, through available scientific evidence, highlighting the following aspects: 1) the determinants of the geographic distribution of dentists, 2) corrective intervention implemented, and 3) their monitoring and evaluation. A scoping review of the published and gray literature was carried out in scientific databases and in relevant websites. We used an adaptation of a World Health Organization framework to study the distribution of human resources in health to analyze selected publications. After applying the eligibility criteria, 53 publications were included in the review; 10 related to the determinants of geographical distribution, 5 to interventions implemented, and 38 to the monitoring and evaluation process. More studies are needed to identify local determinants of the geographical distribution of dentists and to define adapted intervention strategies to make it more equitable. Knowledge Transfer Statement: The geographic inequality of dentists is a problem for health systems because it has a direct impact on access to services and the oral health conditions of a population. Our study was based on a theoretical conceptual framework formulated in 3 components: 1) determinants of the geographical distribution, 2) strategies implemented to correct the problem, and 3) monitoring and evaluation. It can assist in designing oral health policy and guide decisions by policy makers.

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Revealing the shape of knowledge using an intersectionality lens: results of a scoping review on the health and health care of ethnocultural minority older adults

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x12000013 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 437-464 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

SHARON KOEHN ◽

SHEILA NEYSMITH ◽

KAREN KOBAYASHI ◽

HAMISH KHAMISA

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Health Care ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Health Care Access ◽

Minority Groups ◽

Health Care Systems ◽

South Asians ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Care Providers ◽

Eligibility Criteria

ABSTRACTThis paper uses an intersectionality theoretical lens to interrogate selected findings of a scoping review of published and grey literature on the health and health-care access of ethnocultural minority older adults. Our focus was on Canada and countries with similar immigrant populations and health-care systems. Approximately 3,300 source documents were reviewed covering the period 1980–2010: 816 met the eligibility criteria; 183 were Canadian. Summarised findings were presented to groups of older adults and care providers for critical review and discussion. Here we discuss the extent to which the literature accounts for the complexity of categories such as culture and ethnicity, recognises the compounding effects of multiple intersections of inequity that include social determinants of health as well as the specificities of immigration, and places the experience of those inequities within the context of systemic oppression. We found that Canada's two largest immigrant groups – Chinese and South Asians – had the highest representation in Canadian literature but, even for these groups, many topics remain unexplored and the heterogeneity within them is inadequately captured. Some qualitative literature, particularly in the health promotion and cultural competency domains, essentialises culture at the expense of other determinants and barriers, whereas the quantitative literature suffers from oversimplification of variables and their effects often due to the absence of proportionally representative data that captures the complexity of experience in minority groups.

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The Role of Recipient Characteristics in Health Video Communication Outcomes: Scoping Review

Journal of Medical Internet Research ◽

10.2196/30962 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (12) ◽

pp. e30962

Author(s):

Daniel Adrian Lungu ◽

Jo Røislien ◽

Siri Wiig ◽

Marie Therese Shortt ◽

Francesca Ferrè ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Research Question ◽

Theory Development ◽

Effective Communication ◽

Video Communication ◽

World Health ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Main Research ◽

Health Related ◽

Health Organization

Background The importance of effective communication during public health emergencies has been highlighted by the World Health Organization, and it has published guidelines for effective communication in such situations. With video being a popular medium, video communication has been a growing area of study over the past decades and is increasingly used across different sectors and disciplines, including health. Health-related video communication gained momentum during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, and video was among the most frequently used modes of communication worldwide. However, although much research has been done regarding different characteristics of video content (the message) and its delivery (the messenger), there is a lack of knowledge about the role played by the characteristics of the recipients for the creation of effective communication. Objective The aim of this review is to identify how health video communication outcomes are shaped by recipient characteristics, as such characteristics might affect the effectiveness of communication. The main research question of the study is as follows: do the characteristics of the recipients of health videos affect the outcomes of the communication? Methods A scoping review describing the existing knowledge within the field was conducted. We searched for literature in 3 databases (PubMed, Scopus, and Embase) and defined eligibility criteria based on the relevance to the research question. Recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified and classified. Results Of the 1040 documents initially identified, 128 (12.31%) met the criteria for full-text assessment, and 39 (3.75%) met the inclusion criteria. The included studies reported 56 recipient characteristics and 42 communication outcomes. The reported associations between characteristics and outcomes were identified, and the potential research opportunities were discussed. Contributions were made to theory development by amending the existing framework of the Integrated-Change model, which is an integrated model of motivational and behavioral change. Conclusions Although several recipient characteristics and health video communication outcomes were identified, there is a lack of robust empirical evidence on the association between them. Further research is needed to understand how the preceding characteristics of the recipients might affect the various outcomes of health video communication.

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Mapping evidence of nurses’ attitudes toward older adults in Africa: a scoping review protocol

Systematic Reviews ◽

10.1186/s13643-021-01575-y ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Esther L. Wanko Keutchafo ◽

Jane Kerr ◽

Mary A. Jarvis ◽

Desmond Kuupiel

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Nursing Students ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Research Question ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Future Research ◽

African Countries ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Students Attitudes

Abstract Background Culture influences nurses’ attitudes towards caring for older adults. Additionally, nursing students’ perceptions and attitudes towards older adults affect their behavior, possibly their career choices and/or the quality of care provided to older adults after graduation. In the context of lower–middle-income countries with a faster growing older adults population compared to upper income countries, the improvement of the quality care, inclusive of nurses’ attitudes towards older adults, is one of the strategies for strengthening nursing and midwifery in Africa. Furthermore, examining nurses and nursing students’ attitudes towards older adults will answer the United Nations’ call for more data to understand the needs and the status of older adults in Africa. Methods This scoping review will be guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework. The search will be performed using Scopus, PubMed databases, Academic search complete, CINAHL with full text, Education source, Health source: Nursing/Academic Edition, with words related to the topic. The reviewers will also use Google Scholar and the reference lists of the relevant articles. Primary studies and grey literature addressing the research question will be included. The search process will include a first stage where two reviewers will perform the title screening and the removal of duplicates, followed by a parallel abstract screening according to eligibility criteria. The second stage will involve the reading of full articles and the exclusion of articles, in accordance with the eligibility criteria. Data will be collated by two reviewers independently and parallel, using a predetermined data extraction form. Discrepancies will involve a third reviewer. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, version 2018 will be used to assess the quality of the data of eligible articles. A narrative approach containing summary tables and graphs will facilitate synthesis. Discussion The review will provide insight into nurses' and nursing students’ attitudes towards older adults in African countries. The outcomes will guide future research, practice, and education in nursing.

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Disability, Frailty and Depression in the community-dwelling older adults with Osteosarcopenia

BMC Geriatrics ◽

10.1186/s12877-021-02022-2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ki-Soo Park ◽

Gyeong-Ye Lee ◽

Young-Mi Seo ◽

Sung-Hyo Seo ◽

Jun-Il Yoo

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Short Form ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Community Dwelling ◽

Normal Group ◽

World Health ◽

Common Disease ◽

Using Data ◽

Health Organization

Abstract Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of osteosarcopenia in the over 60-year-old community and to evaluate whether osteosarcopenia is associated with disability, frailty and depression. Methods This study was performed using the baseline data of Namgaram-2, among the 1010 surveyed subjects, 885 study subjects who were 60 years or older and had all necessary tests performed were selected. The Kaigo-Yobo checklist (frailty), World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule (WHODAS) and Geriatric Depression Scale-Short Form-Korean (GDSSF-K) were used. The Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia (AWGS 2019) were applied in this study. Osteopenia was measured using data from dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) and osteopenia was diagnosed when the T-score was less than − 1.0. The study subjects were divided into four groups: the normal group, in which both sarcopenia and osteopenia were undiagnosed, osteopenia only, sarcopenia only and the osteosarcopenia group, which was diagnosed with both sarcopenia and osteopenia. Results Of the 885 subjects over 60 years old evaluated, the normal group comprised 34.0%, the only osteopenia group 33.7%, the only sarcopenia group 13.1%, and the osteosarcopenia group 19.2%. WHODAS (17.5, 95% CI: 14.8-20.1), Kaigo-Yobo (3.0, 95% CI: 2.6-3.4), and GDSSF mean score (4.6, 95% CI: 3.9-5.4) were statistically significantly higher in the osteosarcopenia group compared the other groups. Partial eta squared (ηp2) of WHODAS (0.199) and Kaigo-Yobo (0.148) values according to Osteosarcopenia were large, and GDSSF (0.096) was medium Conclusions Osteosarcopenia is a relatively common disease group in the older adults community that may cause deterioration of health outcomes. Therefore, when evaluating osteopenia or sarcopenia in the older adults, management of those in both disease groups should occur together.

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Hypnotherapy for Procedural Pain and Distress in Children: A scoping Review Protocol

Pain Medicine ◽

10.1093/pm/pnab038 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Daly Geagea ◽

Zephanie Tyack ◽

Roy Kimble ◽

Lars Eriksson ◽

Vince Polito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Scoping Review ◽

Grey Literature ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Procedural Pain ◽

Future Research ◽

Theoretical Frameworks ◽

Eligibility Criteria ◽

Pharmacological Agents ◽

Review Protocol ◽

Meta Analyses

Abstract Objective Inadequately treated pain and distress elicited by medical procedures can put children at higher risks of acute and chronic biopsychosocial sequelae. Children can benefit from hypnotherapy, a psychological tailored intervention, as an adjunct to pharmacological agents to address the multiple components of pain and distress. Despite providing evidence on the effectiveness and potential superiority of hypnotherapy to other psychological interventions, research on hypnotherapy for paediatric procedural pain and distress has been predominantly limited to oncology and needle procedures. Plus, there is a lack of reporting of intervention manuals, factors influencing hypnotic responding, pain unpleasantness outcomes, theoretical frameworks, adverse events, as well as barriers and facilitators to the feasibility of delivering the intervention and study procedures. The proposed review aims to map the range and nature of the evidence on hypnotherapy for procedural pain and distress in children to identify gaps in literature and areas requiring further investigation. Methods This review will follow the Arksey and O'Malley (2005) methodology and incorporate additional scoping review recommendations by The Joanna Briggs Institute and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses. Relevant studies will be identified through searching published literature databases (PubMed, Cochrane Library, PsycINFO, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science) and grey literature in addition to hand-searching of reference lists and key journals. Two authors will independently screen titles and abstracts of search results followed by full-texts review against eligibility criteria. Conclusion Findings are anticipated to guide future research and inform the development of tailored hypnotic interventions in children.

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Functional difficulties and toileting among older adults in Ghana: evidence from the World Health Organization Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 1

Ageing and Society ◽

10.1017/s0144686x21000453 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-23

Author(s):

Kofi Awuviry-Newton ◽

Kylie Wales ◽

Meredith Tavener ◽

Paul Kowal ◽

Julie Byles

Keyword(s):

Older Adults ◽

Marital Status ◽

Conceptual Framework ◽

World Health ◽

Adult Health ◽

Care Needs ◽

Functional Difficulties ◽

The World ◽

Health Organization ◽

Global Ageing

Abstract Ghana's older population is projected to increase in coming decades and as a result will see increasing care needs. Understanding the functional difficulties older adults experience, and the associated factors, will help identify relevant intervention to assist older adults in meeting their care needs. This study aimed to analyse the prevalence of functional difficulties among older adults in Ghana, and examine how the World Health Organization International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (WHO-ICF) conceptual framework can relate to toileting difficulty to understand the factors that increase older adults’ care needs. Data were for 5,096 adults aged ⩾50 years from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) Ghana Wave 1. Difficulties were assessed using self-reported difficulty on 22 functional items, including toileting. Multivariate logistic regression tested associations between toileting and other factors as related to the WHO-ICF conceptual framework. Older adults reported climbing one flight of stairs without resting as a common functional difficulty. Difficulty eating was the item least identified. Toileting difficulty was ranked second among five total activities of daily living difficulties. Age, marital status, self-reported health, memory, bodily pain, short- and far-distance vision, obesity, stroke, chronic lung disease, trust at individual and neighbourhood level, toilet facility type, socialising with co-workers, and public and religious meeting attendance were statistically significantly associated with toileting difficulty in the final parsimonious model. Post-hoc analysis testing interaction revealed that interaction existed between female sex and never married marital status (p = 0.04), and obesity and widowed marital status (p = 0.01), with toileting as the outcome. A significant level of functional difficulty existed among Ghanaian older adults in this sample. Toileting difficulty was associated with factors across different components in the WHO-ICF, emphasising functional, social and environmental factors related to this fundamental human activity.

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