scholarly journals What are sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adults users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedidja Hedna ◽  
Johan Fastbom ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Margda Waern
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Antidepressant Therapy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy. Methods We used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006-2014 (N=1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender. Results In all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). In the total cohort, being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. A higher non-fatal SH risk was found in antidepressant users from outside Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11-1.86), and in non-users of antidepressants from other Nordic countries (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08-2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61), in both men and women. Conclusions Being married did not mitigate risk of self-harm in older women. Foreign country of birth and higher education were associated with increased risk of non-fatal SH. Healthcare professionals and social workers must be informed about high-risk groups for suicidal behaviour, and ensure they are adequately monitored both in term of antidepressant therapy and access to psychosocial support.

scholarly journals What are sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adults users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedidja Hedna ◽  
Johan Fastbom ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Margda Waern
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Antidepressant Therapy ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy. Methods We used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006-2014 (N=1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate the sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender. Results In all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). In the total cohort, being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. A higher non-fatal SH risk was found in antidepressant users from outside Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11-1.86), and in non-users of antidepressants from other Nordic countries (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08-2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12-1.61), in both men and women. Conclusions Being married did not mitigate risk of self-harm in older women. Foreign country of birth and higher education were associated with increased risk of non-fatal SH. Healthcare professionals and social workers must be informed about high-risk groups for suicidal behaviour, and ensure they are adequately monitored both in term of antidepressant therapy and access to psychosocial support.

scholarly journals What are the sociodemographic and gender determinants of non-fatal self-harm in older adult users and non-users of antidepressants? A national population-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khedidja Hedna ◽  
Johan Fastbom ◽  
Ingmar Skoog ◽  
Gunnel Hensing ◽  
Margda Waern
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Total Cohort ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender

Abstract Background Late-life self-harm (SH) is often linked to depression. However, very few studies have explored the role of other factors and their interaction with depression in the occurrence of late-life SH. The objective of this research was to examine sociodemographic and gender factors associated with non-fatal SH, in older adults with and without antidepressant therapy.Methods We used national longitudinal register data from a total cohort of all Swedish residents aged ≥75 years between 2006-2014 (N=1,413,806). Using personal identity numbers, we linked individuals' data from numerous national registers. We identified all those with at least one episode of non-fatal self-harm (regardless of level of intent to die) and matched 50 controls to each case. A nested case–control design was used to investigate sociodemographic factors associated with non-fatal SH in the total cohort and among antidepressant users and non-users. Risk factors were analysed in adjusted conditional logistic regression models for the entire cohort and by gender.Results In all, 2242 individuals had at least one episode of a non-fatal SH (980 men and 1262 women). Being unmarried was a risk factor for non-fatal SH in men but not in women. Among users of antidepressants, higher non-fatal SH risk was observed in those born outside the Nordic countries (IRR: 1.44; 95% CI: 1.11–1.86), whereas in AD non-users increased risk was seen in those from Nordic countries other than Sweden (IRR: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.08–2.29). Antidepressant users with higher education had an increased risk of non-fatal SH (IRR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.12–1.61), in both men and women. Conclusions Foreign country of birth was associated with increased risk for non-fatal SH in older adults with and without AD therapies. Being married was a protective factor for non-fatal SH in men. The complex association between sociodemographic factors and use of antidepressants in the occurrence of self-harm in older men and women indicates the need for multifaceted tailored preventive strategies including healthcare and social services alike.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Association Between Education and Disability in Older Adults Living in Iceland

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 396-396
Author(s):  
Milan Chang ◽  
Olof Geirsdottir ◽  
Lenore Launer ◽  
Vilmundur Gudnasson ◽  
Palmi Jonsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Low Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Mobility Disability ◽  
College And University ◽  
Disability Status ◽  
Adl Disability ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Access To Medical Care ◽  
Life Education

Abstract BACKGROUND: Disabilities among older adults are associated with cumulative adversities such as low socioeconomic status (SES), poor nutrition, and lack of access to medical care and education. However, there is little evidence on the long-term association between education and disability status among older adults in Iceland. The aim of the study was to examine the association between mid-life education and prevalence of disability in activities of daily living (ADL) and mobility disability in late-life using 25 years of longitudinal data. METHODS: A large community-based population residing in Reykjavik, Iceland participated in a longitudinal study with an average of 25 years of follow-up (N=5764, mean age 77±6 yrs, 57.7% of women) Mid-life education was categorized into 2 groups (primary and secondary versus college and university). Disability status in late life was defined with ADL and mobility disability with a binary outcome (no difficulty versus any difficulty). Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the association. RESULTS: After controlling for age and gender, and midlife health risk factors, those who had high education at mid-life were less likely to have ADL disability (Odds Ratio (OR) = 0.75, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.64 ~ 0.88, P ≤ 0.001) and mobility disability (OR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.61 ~ 0.86, P < 0.001) compared with those who had low education in mid-life. CONCLUSION: People with high mid-life education were less likely to have ADL and mobility disability after 25 years later.

scholarly journals Vascular lesions and functional limitations among older adults: does depression make a difference?

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 1501-1509 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia F. Hybels ◽  
Carl F. Pieper ◽  
Lawrence R. Landerman ◽  
Martha E. Payne ◽  
David C. Steffens
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
White Matter ◽  
Functional Impairment ◽  
Functional Limitations ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cognitive Status ◽  
Cerebral White Matter ◽  
Late Life Depression ◽  
Increased Risk

ABSTRACTBackground:The association between disability and depression is complex, with disability well established as a correlate and consequence of late life depression. Studies in community samples report that greater volumes of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMHs) seen on brain imaging are linked with functional impairment. These vascular changes are also associated with late life depression, but it is not known if depression is a modifier in the relationship between cerebrovascular changes and functional impairment.Methods:The study sample was 237 older adults diagnosed with major depression and 140 never depressed comparison adults, with both groups assessed at study enrollment. The dependent variable was the number of limitations in basic activities of daily living (ADL), instrumental ADLs, and mobility tasks. The independent variable was the total volume of cerebral white matter lesions or hyperintensities assessed though magnetic resonance imaging.Results:In analyses controlling for age, sex, race, high blood pressure, and cognitive status, a greater volume of WMH was positively associated with the total number of functional limitations as well as the number of mobility limitations among those older adults with late life depression but not among those never depressed, suggesting the association between WMH volume and functional status differs in the presence of late life depression.Conclusions:These findings suggest older patients with both depression and vascular risk factors may be at an increased risk for functional decline, and may benefit from management of both cerebrovascular risk factors and depression.

scholarly journals Longitudinal Implications of Social Integration for Age and Gender Differences in Late-Life Physical Functioning

2020 ◽  
pp. 009141502098075
Author(s):  
Masahiro Toyama ◽  
Heather R. Fuller ◽  
Jonix Owino
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Gender Differences ◽  
Social Integration ◽  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Longitudinal Research ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Model ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Age And Gender Differences ◽  
And Gender

Social integration has documented benefits for late-life health; yet, little is known about its impacts on trajectories of physical functioning. This study examines age and gender differences in the longitudinal associations between social integration and activities of daily living (ADLs) using a hierarchical linear model with three waves of survey data collected over 4 years from the Social Integration and Aging Study ( N = 400; baseline mean age = 80.3). Findings indicated some interaction effects of age, gender, and/or social integration on ADL trajectories. Among those of more advanced age, women showed greater increases in ADL limitations than men, and individuals with lower social integration experienced greater increases in ADL limitations than those with higher social integration. Neither of these patterns were found among younger older adults. This study highlights the benefits of longitudinal research on social integration and the need to explore practical interventions for promoting social integration particularly among the oldest older adults.

scholarly journals Factors associated with diet quality of older adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana Império de FREITAS ◽  
Ágatha Nogueira PREVIDELLI ◽  
Marcela Previato do Nascimento FERREIRA ◽  
Karina Maffei MARQUES ◽  
Rita Maria Monteiro GOULART ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Healthy Eating Index ◽  
Education Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
The City

ABSTRACT Objective Evaluate the factors associated with diet quality of older adults from the city of São Caetano do Sul, São Paulo, Brazil. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out on a sample of 295 older adults receiving care in health care units in São Caetano do Sul. Diet quality was assessed using the Brazilian Healthy Eating Index. The associations between the diet quality mean score and the socio-demographic, economic, and anthropometric characteristics and lifestyle and health conditions were verified using multiple linear regression. Results Lower diet quality mean score were associated with the variables: marital status (widowed or separated) (β=-2.02; p=0.047), retired (β=-4.24; p=0.034), and smoking (β=-8.06; p=0.001); whereas higher diet quality mean score were associated with higher education level (9 years or more) (β=3.49; p=0.013). Conclusion Individuals with higher education level had better diet quality, and those who were widowed or separated, retired, and smokers had worse diet quality indicating that socio-demographic, economic, and lifestyle are factors that can influence food choice of older adults.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF SOCIAL SUPPORT AND STRAIN ON DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS: MARITAL STATUS AND GENDER DIFFERENCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S919-S919
Author(s):  
Deborah Carr ◽  
Yeonjung Jane Lee
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Marital Status ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
And Gender ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Social relationships are a well-established correlate of late-life well-being. Extensive research finds social support is associated with fewer depressive symptoms, yet few studies distinguish fine-grained types of support from spouse, children, other family and friends, nor whether these linkages differ by gender and marital status. Studies exploring coarse associations between support and well-being may conceal gender and marital status differences. We use data from two waves of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS; 2006 and 2010) to study fine-grained linkages between diverse types of relationship strain and support and depressive symptoms (CESD) among adults aged 51+. The results show that the association between support/strain and depressive symptoms varies based on the source of support. For instance, among married/partnered older adults, spousal support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms whereas friend strain is positively associated with depressive symptoms. Among widowed respondents, friend support is negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These marital status patterns differed by gender however, such that the impact of friend strain on depressive symptoms was especially large for divorced men. Our results suggest that no single form of social support (or strain) is uniformly protective (or distressing), so services and interventions to enhance late-life mental health should more fully consider older adults’ social location, including gender and marital status. For current cohorts of older adults, who have lower rates of marriage and childbearing than their predecessors, it is critically important to understand both the levels and impacts of alternative sources of support from other kin and friends.

scholarly journals Positive Psychosocial Factors and Cognition in Ethnically Diverse Older Adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 294-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura B. Zahodne ◽  
Caitlin W.-M. Watson ◽  
Sonia Seehra ◽  
Michelle N. Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Psychosocial Factors ◽  
Cognitive Aging ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Late Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multiple Group ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Washington Heights ◽  
Racial Ethnic

AbstractObjectives: Cross-sectional and longitudinal evidence from largely non-Hispanic White cohorts suggests that positive psychosocial factors, particularly self-efficacy and social support, may protect against late-life cognitive decline. Identifying potentially protective factors in racial/ethnic minority elders is of high importance due to their increased risk of Alzheimer’s disease. The overall goal of this study was to characterize cross-sectional associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognitive domains among Black, Hispanic, and White older adults. Methods: A total of 548 older adults (41% Black, 28% Hispanic, 31% White) in the Washington Heights-Inwood Columbia Aging Project completed cognitive and psychosocial measures from the NIH Toolbox and standard neuropsychological tests. Multiple-group regressions were used to compare cross-sectional associations between positive psychosocial factors and cognition across racial/ethnic groups, independent of demographics, depressive symptoms, and physical health. Results: Positive associations between self-efficacy and language did not significantly differ across race/ethnicity, although the bivariate association between self-efficacy and language was not significant among Hispanics. Additional positive associations were observed for Whites and Blacks, but not Hispanics. Negative associations between emotional support and purpose in life and working memory were seen only in Hispanics. Conclusions: Results confirm and extend the link between self-efficacy and cognition in late life, particularly for White and Black older adults. Previous studies on positive psychosocial factors in cognitive aging may not be generalizable to Hispanics. Longitudinal follow-up is needed to determine whether negative relationships between certain psychosocial factors and cognition in Hispanics reflect reverse causation, threshold effects, and/or negative aspects of having a strong social network. (JINS, 2018, 24, 294–304)

scholarly journals OCCUPATIONAL RISK FACTORS FOR DEMENTIA IN A SAMPLE OF OLDER ADULTS COVERED BY THE IRANIAN OIL INDUSTRIES’ HEALTH CENTERS, 2018

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hossein Ghassemzadeh ◽  
Ahmadali Akbari Kamrani ◽  
Yadollah Abolfathi Momtaz ◽  
Mehdi Rassafiani ◽  
Fatemeh Nourhashemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Noise Pollution ◽  
Occupational Risk ◽  
Occupational Risk Factors ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
And Gender

Here is a new case of dementia in the world every three seconds. It kills more people in the US than breast cancer and prostate cancer combined, while it is the number one killer in England and Wales. The current cost of the disease is about a trillion US dollars a year, and that is forecast to double by 2030.Object: The aim of this study was to determine the probable occupational and environmental risk factors of dementia among the retirees of Iranian oil industries. Methods: A case-control study of 551 randomly selected older adults, all aged 60 and above including 180 demented and 371 nondemented retirees, pair matched for education and gender, was conducted. We evaluated the adjusted associations between dementia risk and the probable occupational and environmental variables through multiple logistic regression.Results: A history of exposure to air pollution (Adjusted OR=2.00, 95%CI= 1.00-7.00), head injuries (Adjusted OR=2.00, 95%CI= 1.00-6.00) and more than 20 years of work in the operational fields (Adjusted OR=5.00, 95%CI= 3.00-8.00) was significantly correlated with an increased risk of dementia. We could not find any significant associations between dementia risk and exposure to fossil fuels, solvents, noise pollution and or a combination of occupational risk factors. Conclusion: The results propose that long-term exposure to field occupational risk factors is likely to increase the risk of dementia. We suggest simultaneous serial oil industries’ particulate evaluations with proper cognitive assessments for the pre-retired staff

scholarly journals Ethnic differences in self-harm, rates, characteristics and service provision: three-city cohort study

2010 ◽  
Vol 197 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayne Cooper ◽  
Elizabeth Murphy ◽  
Roger Webb ◽  
Keith Hawton ◽  
Helen Bergen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Black People ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Black Females ◽  
Minority Ethnic Groups ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Asian People ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Minority Ethnic

BackgroundStudies of self-harm in Black and minority ethnic (BME) groups have been restricted to single geographical areas, with few studies of Black people.AimsTo calculate age- and gender-specific rates of self-harm by ethnic group in three cities and compare characteristics and outcomes.MethodA population-based self-harm cohort presenting to five emergency departments in three English cities during 2001 to 2006.ResultsA total of 20 574 individuals (16–64 years) presented with self-harm; ethnicity data were available for 75%. Rates of self-harm were highest in young Black females (16–34 years) in all three cities. Risk of self-harm in young South Asian people varied between cities. Black and minority ethnic groups were less likely to receive a psychiatric assessment and to re-present with self-harm.ConclusionsDespite the increased risk of self-harm in young Black females fewer receive psychiatric care. Our findings have implications for assessment and appropriate management for some BME groups following self-harm.

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