Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices (KAP) of Diabetics towards Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: Cross-sectional study

Abstract Objective : To identify the knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) of diabetic patients towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, between May and December 2018. Diabetic patients ≥ 18 years old were enrolled in the study. A validated KAP-45 questionnaire was used to assess the KAP levels of diabetics towards diabetes and diabetic retinopathy. Results: A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. The majority were males 168(59.8%). The median age was 49 ±24, and the median duration of diabetes was 8 ±11 years. The average knowledge score for diabetes was good 10. While, the average knowledge score for diabetic retinopathy was suboptimal 4.5. The average attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were suboptimal 0 and 2 respectively. The average practice score for diabetes was good 5 while it was low 3 for diabetic retinopathy. The most common barrier to comply with regular follow up was inadequate knowledge about the importance of periodic eye exam 47.1%(107). Conclusions: It is important to improve education and awareness of DM and diabetic retinopathy among diabetics, as it’s essential for controlling the disease and reducing its complications, by improving patient compliance to treatment and follow up.

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Knowledge, Attitude, and Practice (KAP) of Diabetes and Diabetic Retinopathy among Patients with Diabetes in Riyadh City.

10.21203/rs.2.20425/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdulrahman Abdullah Al-Yahya ◽

Abdulrahman Almizel ◽

Alwaleed Mohammad Alsulaiman ◽

Abdulrahman Mohammed barri ◽

fadwa aladel

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

University Hospitals ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Riyadh City ◽

Patients With Diabetes ◽

History Of ◽

Education And Awareness

Abstract Objective To identify the knowledge, attitude, practice (KAP) of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy among Saudi patients with diabetes in Riyadh Saudi Arabia.Methods A cross sectional study that was conducted in 50 randomly selected primary care centers and two university hospitals, involving diabetic patients that are 18 years and older during May 2018 and December 2018 in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, using a validated KAP-45 questionnaire to assess the KAP levels of diabetes and diabetic retinopathy.Results A total of 313 participants were enrolled in the study. Most of them 168(59.8%) were males and 38(12.3%) were illiterate and 141(45.4%) had at least a bachelor's degree. Most of them had a family history of DM and long standing history of DM The average knowledge score for diabetes was good and was suboptimal for diabetic retinopathy. While the attitude scores for both diabetes and diabetic retinopathy were suboptimal. Meanwhile the average practice score for diabetes was good and was low for diabetic retinopathy.Conclusions Findings observed in our study stress on the importance of improving education and awareness as it’s the key for controlling the disease and reducing its complications.

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Association between Diabetic Retinopathy and Chronic Periodontitis—A Cross-Sectional Study

Medical Sciences ◽

10.3390/medsci6040104 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 104 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Veena H. R. ◽

Sribhargava Natesh ◽

Sudhir Patil

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Serum Creatinine ◽

Glycated Haemoglobin ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Chronic Inflammatory Condition ◽

The Mean

Periodontal disease (PD), a chronic inflammatory condition characterized by destruction of the supporting tissues of the teeth, increases the risk of complications in diabetics. Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a microvascular complication of prolonged hyperglycaemia. There appears to be a similarity in the pathogenesis of DR and PD. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the association, if any, between DR and PD, correlate the severity of DR with the severity of PD, and investigate the association between glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine and periodontal variables. The periodontal status of 200 adult diabetic patients in the age group of 30–65 years with varying severity of DR was assessed. Evaluation of the severity of PD was assessed by recording clinical parameters. Haematological investigations including glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and serum creatinine were estimated before the initiation of treatment for DR. A statistically significant association between the mean duration of diabetes mellitus (DM) and the severity of DR and PD was found. The severity of PD was directly correlated with the severity of DR. There was a significant association between the levels of HbA1c and serum creatinine and severity of DR and PD. There could be a plausible relationship between DR and PD. Further prospective studies on a larger population with longer follow-ups are required to ascertain whether PD and its severity directly affect the progression and severity of DR.

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DOES INSULIN LIKE GROWTH FACTOR-1 (IGF-1) DEFICIENCY HAVE A “PROTECTIVE” ROLE IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN THALASSEMIA MAJOR PATIENTS?

Mediterranean Journal of Hematology and Infectious Diseases ◽

10.4084/mjhid.2015.038 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 7 ◽

pp. e2015038 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Vincenzo De Sanctis

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Growth Factor ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Protective Role ◽

Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Italian Population ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Number Of Patients

Objective: This cross-sectional study was designed to give insights into relationship between Insulin-Growth-Factor 1 (IGF-1) levels and diabetic retinopathy (DR) in a sample of thalassaemia major(TM) patients with insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). Τhis relation was not previously evaluated, despite the fact that both diseases co-exist in the same patient. The study also describes the clinical and biochemical profile of the associated complications in TM patients with and without IDDM. Design: A population-based cross-sectional study. Participants:The study includes 19 consecutive TM patients with IDDM and 31 age- and sex-matched TM patients without IDDM who visited our out-patient clinics for an endocrine assessment Methods: An extensive medical history, with data on associated complications and current medications, was obtained. Blood samples were drawn in the morning after an overnight fast to measure the serum concentrations of IGF-1, glucose, fructosamine , free thyroxine (FT4), thyrotropin (TSH) and biochemical analysis . Serologic screening assays for hepatitis C virus seropositivity (HCVab and HCV-RNA) were also evaluated, applying routine laboratory methods.Plasma total IGF-1 was measured by a chemiluminescent immunometric assay (CLIA) method. Ophthalmology evaluation was done by the same researcher using stereoscopic fundus biomicroscopy through dilated pupils. DR was graded using the scale developed by the Global Diabetic Retinopathy Group. Iron stores were assessed by direct and indirect methods. Results:Eighteen TM patients with IDDM (94.7 %) and 10 non-diabetic patients (32.2 %) had IGF-1 levels below the 2.5th percentile of the normal values for the Italian population. The mean serum IGF-1 concentrations were significantly lower in the diabetic versus the non-diabetic TM groups (p < 0.001). DR was present in in 4 (21 %) of 19 TM patients with IDDM and was associated with the main classical risk factors, namely inefficient glycemic control and duration of disease but not hypertension. Using the scale developed by the Global Diabetic Retinopathy Group, the DR in our patients was classified as non proliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR). Only few numbers of microaneurysms [1-3] were detected. Our data also confirm the strong association of IDDM in TM patients with other endocrine and non-endocrine complications.Conclusions: These results , although on a small number of patients, suggest a possible ‘protective’ role of low IGF-1 in the development of DR in TM patients

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Sex-Gender Differences in Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetology ◽

10.3390/ijd1010001 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Sara Cherchi ◽

Alfonso Gigante ◽

Maria Anna Spanu ◽

Pierpaolo Contini ◽

Gisella Meloni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Large Sample ◽

Male Sex ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is one of the main causes of visual loss in individuals aged 20–64 years old. The aim of this study was to investigate, in a multicenter retrospective cross-sectional study, sex-gender difference in DR in a large sample of type 2 diabetic patients (T2DM). 20,611 T2DM regularly attending the units for the last three years were classified as having: (a) No DR (NDR), (b) nonproliferative DR (NPDR), or (c) preproliferative/proliferative DR (PPDR). DR of all grades was present in 4294 T2DM (20.8%), with a significant higher prevalence in men as compared to women (22.0% vs. 19.3% p < 0.0001). Among DR patients, both NPDR and PPDR were significantly more prevalent in men vs. women (p = 0.001 and p = 0.0016, respectively). Women had similar age and BMI, but longer diabetes duration, worse glycemic metabolic control, and more prevalence of hypertension and chronic renal failure (CRF) of any grade vs. men. No significant differences between sexes were evident in term of drug therapy for diabetes and associate pathologies. Conclusions: In this large sample of T2DM, men show higher prevalence of DR vs. women, in spite of less represented risk factors, suggesting that male sex per se might be a risk factor for DR development.

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Knowledge, attitude and current practices of pregnant women towards group B streptococcus screening: cross-sectional study, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2019-032487 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. e032487

Author(s):

Amer Alshengeti ◽

Amjad Alharbi ◽

Shahad Alraddadi ◽

Abdulsalam Alawfi ◽

Bushra Aljohani

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Group B Streptococcus ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Screening Strategies ◽

Group B ◽

Universal Culture

AimsGroup B streptococcus (GBS) is one of the most frequent bacterial pathogens causing invasive infections in neonates. It can be transmitted from colonised mother to neonates around delivery. Screening strategies for GBS during pregnancy include either universal culture-based or risk-based screening. The present study aimed to assess the knowledge, attitude and current practices of pregnant women towards GBS screening in Al-Madinah City, Saudi Arabia.MethodsA hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at Madinah Maternity and Children Hospital, Al-Madinah, Saudi Arabia, from May to July 2018. Participants were recruited from postnatal wards. Participants were interviewed using a previously published validated survey that was divided into the following domains: demographic data, knowledge, experience and attitude towards different GBS screening strategies.ResultsA total of 377 out of 450 women (response rate 83.7%) were enrolled. The results showed that the overall mean knowledge score of the pregnant women towards GBS screening was 59.8%. Majority of the women (66.8%) were not aware of the GBS bacterium, while 86.5% of them had never been informed of GBS risk assessment during their pregnancies. The mean knowledge score among women who were aware of GBS (62.8%) was significantly higher than that among women who were not (58.4%) (p=0.015). However, majority of the pregnant women (61.8%) showed preference for universal culture-based GBS screening strategy over risk-based strategy.ConclusionThe study results have concluded that the level of awareness and knowledge about GBS among pregnant women were relatively poor; however, majority of the pregnant women prefer universal culture-based screening.

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The use of olive oil for skin health in a Saudi population: a cross-sectional study

Dermatology Reports ◽

10.4081/dr.2021.9364 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Faisal Alnemer ◽

Raed Aljohani ◽

Abdulrahman Alajlan ◽

Mohammad Aljohani ◽

Ibrahim Alozaib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Female Gender ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Average Score ◽

Attitude Score ◽

Educational Organizations ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

The use of topical olive oil (OO) for skin health is common among Saudis and worldwide. Therefore, this cross-sectional study is aimed at assessing the use of topical OO for skin health among Saudis in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The questionnaire was administered to Saudis at four different malls in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. A total of 401 participants were enrolled in the study. The results showed that the average knowledge score of the participants was 3.4±0.3 (out of 5) and 87% had fair knowledge. The top source of knowledge among the participants was friends/relatives. In the attitude section, the average score was 4.1±0.5 (out of 5). Females had a higher attitude score 4.2±0.5 as compared to males 4±0.5 (P=0.03). The most common reason for using topical OO among the participants was skin moisturizing (73%). Female gender was the only significant factor associated with the use of topical OO (P < 0.001). The use of topical OO for skin health is highly prevalent in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Therefore, more awareness of the benefits and adverse effects of topical OO use is required especially from health educational organizations. The preliminary results of this study suggest further research with a larger sample in an academic setting across the nation.

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Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices towards Diabetic Retinopathy among Primary Care Physicians of Saudi Arabia: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

Healthcare ◽

10.3390/healthcare9121697 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 1697

Author(s):

Ashokkumar Thirunavukkarasu ◽

Abdulmohsen Khaled Almulhim ◽

Faisal Ahmed Albalawi ◽

Ziyad Muharib Alruwaili ◽

Ola Ali Almajed ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Primary Care ◽

Saudi Arabia ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Work Experience ◽

Primary Care Physicians ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Attitudes And Practices

Primary care physicians play a vital role in preventing the progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) from the initial stages to the late stages. This questionnaire-based analytical cross-sectional study was carried out to assess the knowledge, attitude, practices, and their correlation among 274 randomly selected primary care physicians in Saudi Arabia. Among the studied population, high knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores were observed in 21.5%, 15%, and 29.2% of the physicians, respectively. The mean knowledge score was significantly higher among the age group of less than 30 years (p = 0.031) and the female gender (p = 0.012). The attitude scores were significantly higher among the Saudi physicians (p = 0.027) and those with PHC work experience of less than five years (p < 0.001). Regarding the practices, a significant association was found among the age group of less than 30 years (p = 0.019) and Saudi physicians (p = 0.003). There was a significant positive correlation between knowledge (correlation coefficient (r) = 0.739, p < 0.001) and attitude (r = 0.479, p = 0.007) with the practice scores. It is recommended that targeted continuous medical education, workshops, and seminars are conducted on the prevention and care of DR among primary care physicians. Furthermore, an exploratory multicenter study that involves primary care physicians belonging to all ministries and private sectors is warranted.

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Is there a relationship between body mass index and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients? A cross sectional study

Journal of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders ◽

10.1007/s40200-018-0339-5 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 63-69 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Zahra Sarrafan-chaharsoughi ◽

Masoud Reza Manaviat ◽

Nasim Namiranian ◽

Pouria Yazdian-Anari ◽

Masoud Rahmanian

Keyword(s):

Body Mass Index ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Body Mass ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Type Ii ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional

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Assessment of Circulating Biomarkers in Relation to Various Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Cross Sectional Study

Current Diabetes Reviews ◽

10.2174/1573399815666190823155534 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 16 (4) ◽

pp. 402-409 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nalini Mathala ◽

Annapurna Akula ◽

Sharat Hegde ◽

Raghava Bitra ◽

Virender Sachedev

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Diabetic Retinopathy ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Tnf Alpha ◽

Diabetic Patients ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Type 2 Diabetic

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers, and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations, such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein) and serum VEGF. Results: The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio) are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine, CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy. Conclusion: The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.

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