Categorization of temocillin susceptibility using the disc diffusion method: Susceptible, Intermediate, Resistant or Undetermined?
Abstract Background: Since the pandemic of ESBL (extended-spectrum beta-lactamases) and the emergence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacterales there is a renewed interest in temocillin. However, as the molecule was little used, except in Belgium and UK, there are few guidelines for its antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST). We aim to assess the accuracy of the disc diffusion method (DDM) for temocillin susceptibility testing. Methods: Eight hundred eighty-eight Enterobacterales clinical strains of which 61.7% were resistant to 3 rd generation cephalosporin (3GC-R) were included. AST was performed using DDM in comparison to gradient strip tests (GST) and interpreted using the diameter breakpoint of 20mm and MIC breakpoint of 8 mg/L for DDM and GST as recommended by EUCAST-CASFM recommandations. Results: At breakpoint of 8mg/L, temocillin rates of susceptibility were 76.9%, 95.6% and 67.7% for overall, 3GC-S and 3GC-R strains respectively. Ninety-four (10.6%) discrepancies were noticed including 68 (72.3%) major errors and 26 (27.6%) very major errors. Sixty-eight (72.3%) of all errors correspond to inhibition diameters comprised between 17 and 23 mm. The presence of colonies within the inhibition diameter was noticed for 32 (5.3%) strains susceptible to temocillin. Conclusions: DDM lacks accuracy for strains displaying borderline inhibition zone diameter. We suggest applying the concept of area of technical uncertainty (ATU) for standard DDM. The strains displaying a diameter within the ATU should be tested by another method. The significance of colonies within the inhibition zone diameter should be explored.