scholarly journals The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Cu Ions ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have apositive effect on improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. ( Clavicipitaceae ) on perennial ryegrass ( Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of heavy metal (HM) ions, Cd, Pb and Cu, in soil was studied. Results : The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increase of the chlorophyll content, efficiency of photosystem II and accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In both, E+ and E- plants the hormesis effect was induced by elevated concentration of Cu ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. In case of an application of Epichloë -colonized grasses for HM phytoremediation, the choice of most effective host-endophyte interactions should be based on laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis. Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was related to origin of Epichloë -ryegrass symbionts.

scholarly journals The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Chl A ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. (Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of elevated concentration of heavy metal (HM) ions: Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+, in soil was studied. Results: The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increased accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation. Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was associated with the origin of Epichloë-ryegrass symbionts.

scholarly journals The origin of Epichloë endophyte - perennial ryegrass symbionts modify plant reactions to elevated concentration of Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ ions in soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract Background: The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses. The influence of fungal endophyte of the Epichloë sp. (Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in presence of elevated concentration of heavy metal (HM) ions (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) in soil was studied.Results: The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in increased accumulation of HM ions in aerial parts of plants and was dependent on host genotypes related to host plant origin. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of the symbiosis, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.Conclusions: The presence of Epichloë endophytes positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions and this accumulation was associated with the origin of Epichloë-ryegrass symbionts.

scholarly journals Different Response of Perennial Ryegrass – Epichloë Endophyte Symbiota to the Elevated Concentration of Heavy Metals in Soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses as well as on the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metal (HM) ions from soil. The influence of Epichloë fungal endophyte (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in the presence of elevated concentrations of HM ions (Cd2+, Pb2+ and Cu2+) in soil was studied. The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in different accumulation of HM ions in the aboveground parts of the plants. In some cases endophyte infection positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions from soil. In plants with (E+) and without (E-) endophytes the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of HM accumulation, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Different response of perennial ryegrass—Epichloë endophyte symbiota to the elevated concentration of heavy metals in soil

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grzegorz Żurek ◽  
Barbara Wiewióra ◽  
Krystyna Rybka ◽  
Kamil Prokopiuk
Keyword(s):  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Laboratory Evaluation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Mutualistic Symbiosis ◽  
Hormesis Effect ◽  
Different Response ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

Abstract The phenomenon of plant mutualistic symbiosis with microbes may have a positive effect on the improvement of plant tolerance to environmental stresses as well as on the ability of plants to accumulate heavy metal (HM) ions from soil. The influence of Epichloë fungal endophyte (Ascomycota, Clavicipitaceae) on perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) plants grown in the presence of elevated concentrations of HM ions (Cd2+, Pb2+, and Cu2+) in soil was studied. The presence of Epichloë in the host grass tissues resulted in different accumulation of HM ions in the aboveground parts of the plants. In some cases, endophyte infection positively affected ryegrass ability to accumulate HM ions from soil. In plants with (E +) and without (E −) endophytes, the hormesis effect was induced by the elevated concentration of Cu2+ ions, resulting in better growth and photosynthesis, as examined by measurements of Chl a fluorescence. The obtained results indicate that based on the laboratory evaluation of the efficiency of HM accumulation, we were able to choose the best associations of perennial ryegrass with endophytes for HM phytoremediation.

scholarly journals Effects of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate-deaminase–Producing Bacteria on Perennial Ryegrass Growth and Physiological Responses to Salinity Stress

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (3) ◽  
pp. 233-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang Cheng ◽  
Ning Zhang ◽  
Bingru Huang
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Stress ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Photochemical Efficiency ◽  
Acc Deaminase ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Salinity Treatment ◽  
Plant Tolerance ◽  
Water Control

The accumulation of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC), which is a precursor for ethylene production, in plant roots exposed to salinity stress can be detrimental to plant growth. The objectives of this study were to determine whether inoculating roots with bacteria containing deaminase enzymes that break down ACC (ACC-deaminase) could improve plant tolerance to salinity in perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and to examine growth and physiological factors, as well as nutrition status of plants affected by the ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation under salinity stress. Plants of perennial ryegrass (cv. Pangea) were inoculated with either Burkholderia phytofirmans PsJN or Burkholderia gladioli RU1 and irrigated with either fresh water (control) or a 250 mm NaCl solution to induce salinity stress. The bacterium-inoculated plants had less ACC content in shoots and roots under both nonstressed and salinity conditions. Salinity stress inhibited root and shoot growth, but the bacterium-inoculated plants exhibited higher visual turf quality (TQ), tiller number, root biomass, shoot biomass, leaf water content, and photochemical efficiency, as well as lower cellular electrolyte leakage (EL) under salinity stress. Plants inoculated with bacteria had lower sodium content and higher potassium to sodium ratios in shoots under salinity stress. Shoot and root nitrogen content and shoot potassium content increased, whereas shoot and root calcium, magnesium, iron, and aluminum content all decreased due to bacterial inoculation under salinity treatment. ACC-deaminase bacteria inoculation of roots was effective in improving salinity tolerance of perennial ryegrass and could be incorporated into turfgrass maintenance programs in salt-affected soils.

scholarly journals Fungal Endophyte Colonization Patterns Alter Over Time in the Novel Association Between Lolium perenne and Epichloë Endophyte AR37

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavia Pilar Forte ◽  
Jan Schmid ◽  
Paul P. Dijkwel ◽  
Istvan Nagy ◽  
David E. Hume ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Novel Association ◽  
Colonization Patterns ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Epichloë Endophyte

scholarly journals Did the COVID-19 Lockdown-Induced Hydrological Residence Time Intensify the Primary Productivity in Lakes? Observational Results Based on Satellite Remote Sensing

Water ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram Avtar ◽  
Pankaj Kumar ◽  
Hitesh Supe ◽  
Dou Jie ◽  
Netranada Sahu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Residence Time ◽  
Primary Productivity ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Pollution Level ◽  
Landsat 8 ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Chl A ◽  
The World ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

The novel coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) has brought countries around the world to a standstill in the early part of 2020. Several nations and territories around the world insisted their population stay indoors for practicing social distance in order to avoid infecting the disease. Consequently, industrial activities, businesses, and all modes of traveling have halted. On the other hand, the pollution level decreased ‘temporarily’ in our living environment. As fewer pollutants are supplied in to the hydrosphere, and human recreational activities are stopped completely during the lockdown period, we hypothesize that the hydrological residence time (HRT) has increased in the semi-enclosed or closed lake bodies, which can in turn increase the primary productivity. To validate our hypothesis, and to understand the effect of lockdown on primary productivity in aquatic systems, we quantitatively estimated the chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentrations in different lake bodies using established Chl-a retrieval algorithm. The Chl-a monitored using Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 sensor in the lake bodies of Wuhan, China, showed an elevated concentration of Chl-a. In contrast, no significant changes in Chl-a are observed for Vembanad Lake in India. Further analysis of different geo-environments is necessary to validate the hypothesis.

scholarly journals A QTL analysis of host plant effects on fungal endophyte biomass and alkaloid expression in perennial ryegrass

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Marty J. Faville ◽  
Lyn Briggs ◽  
Mingshu Cao ◽  
Albert Koulman ◽  
M. Z. Zulfi Jahufer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Host Plant ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Qtl Analysis ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Plant Effects

Genetic Diversity in the Perennial Ryegrass Fungal Endophyte Neotyphodium lolii

2004 ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eline van Zijll de Jong ◽  
Nathaniel R. Bannan ◽  
Jacqueline Batley ◽  
Kathryn M. Guthridge ◽  
German C. Spangenberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Fungal Endophyte ◽  
Neotyphodium Lolii
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