The journey of special population to vaccination centers in Brazil: knowledge and perceptions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tânia Cristina de Mattos Barros Petraglia ◽  
Julia Regazzini Spinardi ◽  
Rodrigo Sini de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
General Information ◽  
Public Healthcare ◽  
Continuous Variables ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns ◽  
Attending Physician ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health

Abstract Background: Vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies to control and prevent diseases. The Brazilian National Immunization Program is an international reference of public healthcare policy. Since 1993 Reference Centers for Special Immunobiologicals (CRIE) were implemented in order to facilitate the access to immunobiologicals, especially for those with congenital or acquired immunodeficiencies and other special morbidity conditions, or subjects exposed to risk situations. To assess knowledge and perceptions concerning the relevance of special patients’ vaccination and the immunization centers (CRIE) structure from patients, physicians and CRIE professional perspectives.Methods: An opinion survey was carried out in 2018 from June to July, including patients, physicians and CRIE professionals. A structured questionnaire was applied in a single interview to each interest group through phone calls. All instruments contained questions on general information, individuals’ profile, and knowledge and perceptions concerning CRIE. Results were obtained from the compilation of each groups’ answers. Data analysis was carried out in a descriptive approach, through measures of central tendency and dispersion for continuous variables, and measures of frequency for categorical variables.Results: The sample was composed by 280 individuals: 135 physicians; 135 patients; and 10 CRIE professionals. Regarding physician’s perspective, most of them reported to know CRIE (79%) and to refer patients (64%), and agreeing that a good quality service with well-trained professionals is offered (91%). Patients reported to receive the recommendation for vaccination by attending physician (91%), and to have never experienced the unavailability of a vaccine (91%) at CRIE. Analysis from CRIE professional’s perspective showed that patients are most frequently referred to CRIE by infectologists (33%) and that vaccination campaigns have a huge influence on demand. However, they also reported that there is no disclosure about CRIE service for population and physicians.Conclusions: Physicians classify vaccination as extremely important and all patients reported to follow recommendation. About immunization centers, a great perception about the service provided by CRIE was reported, but there is still place for uptake the patient journey.

Post-Hospital Syndrome (PHS) and Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations(PPH) in Adults. MonashWatch adult cohort patient telehealth journeys (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Associate Professor Martin ◽  
Narelle Hinckley ◽  
Keith Stockman ◽  
Donadl Campbell
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Phone Call ◽  
Post Discharge ◽  
Patient Journey ◽  
Preventable Hospitalizations ◽  
Acute Admission ◽  
Avoidable Hospitalizations ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Phone Calls ◽  
Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations

BACKGROUND Monash Watch (MW) aims to reduce avoidable hospitalizations in a cohort above a risk ‘threshold’ identified by HealthLinks Chronic Care (HLCC) algorithms using personal, diagnostic, and service data, excluding surgical and psychiatric admissions. MW conducted regular patient monitoring through outbound phone calls using the Patient Journey Record System (PaJR). PaJR alerts are intended to act as a self-reported barometer of health perceptions with more alerts per call indicating greater risk of Potentially Preventable Hospitalizations (PPH) and Post Hospital Syndrome (PHS). Most knowledge of PPH and PHS occurs at a macro-level with little understanding of fine-grained dynamics. OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of self-reported concerns and self-rated health 10 days before and after acute hospital admission in the telehealth intervention cohort of MonashWatch in the context of addressing PPH and PHS. METHODS Participants: 173 who had an acute admission of the of the 232 HLCC cohort with predicted 3+ admissions/year, in MW service arm for >40 days. Measures: Self-reported health and health care status in 764 MW phone call records which were classified into Total Alerts (all concerns - self-reported) and Red Alerts (concerns judged to be higher risk of adverse outcomes/admissions -acute medical and illness symptoms). Acute (non-surgical) admissions from Victorian Admitted Episode database. Analysis: Descriptive Timeseries homogeneity metrics using XLSTAT. RESULTS Self-reported problems (Total Alerts) statistically shifted to a higher level 3 days before an acute admission and stayed at a high level for the 10 days post discharge; reported acute medical and illness symptoms (Red Alerts) increased 1 day prior to admission and but remained at a higher level than before admission. Symptoms of concern did not change before admission or after discharge. Self-rated health and feeling depressed were reported to worsen 5 days post discharge. Patients reported more medication changes up to 2 days before acute admission. CONCLUSIONS These descriptive findings in a cohort of high risk individuals suggest a prehospital phase of what is termed PHS, which persisted on discharge and possibly worsened 5 days after discharge with worse self-rated health and depressive symptoms. Further research is needed. The role and place of community and hospital in such a cohort needs further investigation and research into PPH and PHS.

scholarly journals Living through the COVID-19 Pandemic: Impact and Lessons on Dietary Behavior and Physical Well-Being

2022 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 642
Author(s):  
Shameena Gill ◽  
Alia Maisara Adenan ◽  
Adli Ali ◽  
Noor Akmal Shareela Ismail
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Behavior ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Food Delivery ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Comprehensive Understanding ◽  
Government Aid ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Made In

The aim of this review is to highlight the spectrum on which human behavior has been affected by blanket restriction measures and on a wider scale, the COVID-19 pandemic. Some of the human behaviors that have been impacted by the COVID-19 lockdown are dietary behavior and nutrition, food options and food delivery usage, physical activity and sedentary behaviors. This is important in planning effective public health strategies with minimal detriment to all subsets of society as well as improving the distribution of government aid to populations that are more severely affected. Our main purpose is to present the literature from a rapidly growing pool of scientific research to hopefully enable a better and more comprehensive understanding of the effects of this pandemic and the lessons learnt from the accompanying restrictions, as well as policy recommendations that can be made in national pandemic responses in the future.

Benzodiazepines Today and Tomorrow

2020 ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
John J. Coleman
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Data Collection ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
The Public ◽  
Drug Substances ◽  
The Government ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and related drugs are widely used for treating a variety of conditions (with varying degrees of evidence-base), but their long-term use (more than 2–4 weeks) can be problematic. They were originally thought (or claimed) to be nonproblematic substitutes for barbiturates, but it is now clear that they have their own set of problems. In addition, they are commonly, albeit ill-advisedly, co-prescribed or used nonmedically in combination with other drug substances. The result of such combinations, particularly with the opioids, can be lethal. Administrative and statutory actions notwithstanding, it appears that reducing problems with BZDs will depend on a comprehensive approach that includes improved education for patients, prescribers, regulators, insurers, and the public. First and foremost, however, there is a pressing need for the government to improve its drug-abuse data collection, specifically how it monitors drug-related morbidity and mortality. This chapter reviews the information that demonstrates how an understanding of all of the dynamics is essential for designing effective public-health strategies to reduce BZD-associated problems.

scholarly journals Epidemics of two Victoria and Yamagata influenza B lineages in Yamagata, Japan

2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MIZUTA ◽  
T. ITAGAKI ◽  
C. ABIKO ◽  
T. MURATA ◽  
T. TAKAHASHI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Virus Isolation ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Haemagglutination Inhibition ◽  
Inhibition Test ◽  
Antigenic Drift ◽  
Influenza B ◽  
Previous Season ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health

We attempted to predict epidemics of influenza B, focusing on B/Victoria/2/87-like (V) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like (Y) lineages, in Yamagata, Japan. We collected 9624 nasopharyngeal swabs for virus isolation from patients with respiratory infections between 1996 and 2003 and 237 sera for seroepidemiological analysis by haemagglutination–inhibition test in 2001. We isolated 424 V-lineage and 246 Y-lineage viruses during the study period. Three herald viruses in the 2000–2001 season enabled us to predict a V-lineage epidemic in the following season. However, another V-lineage epidemic occurred in the 2002–2003 season, although we caught four herald Y-lineage viruses, whose antigenic drift was suggested by seroepidemiological study, at the end of the previous season. Since the epidemiology of the two influenza B lineages remains unclear, a careful watch should be kept on these lineages in order to provide effective public-health strategies against future epidemics.

scholarly journals Public Search Interests related to COVID-19: Insights from Google Search Trends in Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mazbahul G. Ahamad ◽  
Monir U. Ahmed ◽  
Daniel R. Uden
Keyword(s):  
Information Dissemination ◽  
Response Monitoring ◽  
Public Response ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Search Terms ◽  
Search Volume ◽  
Relative Search Volume ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Google Search

AbstractObjectivePublic response monitoring is critical to reducing COVID-19 infections and developing effective public health strategies. This study explored Google search trends to understand public responses to COVID-19 concerns in Bangladesh.MethodsWe used country-level Google search trends data to examine the association between Google search terms related to COVID-19 deaths, face masks, and COVID-19 vaccines and the actual and one-week lagged actual COVID-19 death counts from February 2, 2020, to December 19, 2020, in Bangladesh. Results: Search terms related to COVID-19 deaths, face masks, and COVID-19 vaccines increased and peaked during March and April, but then began declining gradually after June 2020. The mean relative search volume for face masks (35 points) was higher than for death information (8 points) and vaccines (16 points) throughout the study period, and searching for masks peaked (100 points) during the third week of March. Search interests for death information and face masks were negatively correlated with the actual and one-week lagged actual COVID-19 death counts.ConclusionIn response to declining trends in COVID-19-related google search terms, policymakers should strengthen ongoing risk communication and preventive information dissemination programs to control and prevent COVID-19 cases and deaths.

scholarly journals Attitudes of Front-Line Nurses Toward Hospice Care During the COVID-19 Pandemic

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 204-210
Author(s):  
Qinghua Liu ◽  
Jing Tao ◽  
Lianlian Gao ◽  
Xifei He ◽  
Yuping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Hospice Care ◽  
Sense Of Self ◽  
Practical Experience ◽  
General Information ◽  
Front Line ◽  
Clinical Nurses ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
General Self Efficacy

Objective: The aim of this study was to understand the attitudes of front-line clinical nurses toward hospice care in the fight against the COVID-19 pandemic, to provide a source of reference for hospice care education and training in hospitals treating patients with COVID-19. Method: Front-line nurses from a designated COVID-19 hospital in Wuhan, China, participated. Participants completed the Chinese versions of the General Information Questionnaire, the Frommelt Attitudes Toward Care of the Dying Scale, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and the General Self-Efficacy Scale. Results: A total of 149 questionnaires were included in the analysis. The median total hospice care attitudes score was median 102.00(interquartile range, 95.5-120.50). The nurses’ attitudes toward hospice care were significantly associated with their age, knowledge of hospice care, level of empathy, and self-efficacy. Conclusion: The attitudes of front-line nurses toward hospice care need to be improved. Hospital departments should establish an effective public health emergency strategy, provide training to increase front-line nurses’ knowledge and practical experience of hospice care, cultivate nurses’ empathy, and enhance their sense of self-efficacy, in order to improve the quality of hospice care for patients and their families.

scholarly journals Effectiveness of Mass Vaccination in Brazil against Severe COVID-19 Cases

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A.M. Villela ◽  
Tatiana Guimarães de Noronha ◽  
Leonardo S Bastos ◽  
Antonio G. F. Pacheco ◽  
Oswaldo G. Cruz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Mass Vaccination ◽  
Vulnerable Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Vaccine Platform ◽  
National Immunization ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
National Cohort ◽  
Vaccination Campaigns

Background. Mass vaccination campaigns started in Brazil on January/2021 with CoronaVac followed by ChAdOx1 nCov-19, and BNT162b2 mRNA vaccines. Target populations initially included vulnerable groups such as people older than 80 years, with comorbidities, of indigenous origin, and healthcare workers. Younger age groups were gradually included. Methods. A national cohort of 66.3 million records was compiled by linking registry-certified COVID-19 vaccination records from the Brazilian National Immunization Program with information on severe COVID-19 cases and deaths. Cases and deaths were aggregated by state and age group. Mixed-effects Poisson models were used to estimate the rate of severe cases and deaths among vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals, and the corresponding estimates of vaccine effectiveness by vaccine platform and age group. The study period is from mid-January to mid-July 2021. Results. Estimates of vaccine effectiveness preventing deaths were highest at 97.9% (95% CrI: 93.5-99.8) among 20-39 years old with ChAdOx1 nCov-19, at 82.7% (95% CrI: 80.7-84.6) among 40-59 years old with CoronaVac, and at 89.9% (87.8--91.8) among 40-59 years old with partial immunization of BNT162b2. For all vaccines combined in the full regimen, the effectiveness preventing severe cases among individuals aged 80+ years old was 35.9% (95% CrI: 34.9-36.9) which is lower than that observed for individuals aged 60-79 years (61.0%, 95% CrI: 60.5-61.5). Conclusion. Despite varying effectiveness estimates, Brazil′s population benefited from vaccination in preventing severe COVID-19 outcomes. Results, however, suggest significant vaccine-specific reductions in effectiveness by age, given by differences between age groups 60-79 years and over 80 years.

scholarly journals Some Shocking Stories: The Behavioral Response Of Cancer Mortality To Spikes In Alcohol And Tobacco Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Zahra N. Masih ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Cancer Mortality ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Time Dimension ◽  
Preventative Measures ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Public Health Strategies ◽  
Effective Public Health

Tobacco and alcohol have long been acknowledged as carcinogens holding a critical role in the progression of a various cancers. Identifying the degree to which tobacco and alcohol can impact cancer mortality is necessary to developing effective public health strategies and mitigating risks with preventative measures. The goal of this study is to characterize the behavior of cancer mortality in response to shocks in alcohol and tobacco consumption utilizing aggregate U.S. data. This is the first study of its kind to examine the intertemporal relationship between cancer mortality and its determining factors within a dynamic system. Our results indicate cancer mortality displays persistence and its path dependency varies considerably between the shock factors. An unexpected shock to alcohol consumption results in cancer mortality taking about 17 years to return to its pre-shock level, whereas tobacco consumption shocks recover the original cancer mortality level in about 10 years. Alcohol has a more dominant effect on cancer mortality regardless of time dimension. As a result, policies that have been previously emphasized toward mitigating tobacco consumption may prove prudent in addressing alcohol as a public health concern with respect to cancer mortality.

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