Synth-HLCA: Health literacy research and knowledge transfer for effective public health strategies

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (suppl_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
O Okan ◽  
MA Jochimsen ◽  
J Hendricks ◽  
J Wasm ◽  
L Hörster ◽  
...  
2020 ◽  
pp. 193-215
Author(s):  
John J. Coleman

Benzodiazepines (BZDs) and related drugs are widely used for treating a variety of conditions (with varying degrees of evidence-base), but their long-term use (more than 2–4 weeks) can be problematic. They were originally thought (or claimed) to be nonproblematic substitutes for barbiturates, but it is now clear that they have their own set of problems. In addition, they are commonly, albeit ill-advisedly, co-prescribed or used nonmedically in combination with other drug substances. The result of such combinations, particularly with the opioids, can be lethal. Administrative and statutory actions notwithstanding, it appears that reducing problems with BZDs will depend on a comprehensive approach that includes improved education for patients, prescribers, regulators, insurers, and the public. First and foremost, however, there is a pressing need for the government to improve its drug-abuse data collection, specifically how it monitors drug-related morbidity and mortality. This chapter reviews the information that demonstrates how an understanding of all of the dynamics is essential for designing effective public-health strategies to reduce BZD-associated problems.


2004 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 721-726 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. MIZUTA ◽  
T. ITAGAKI ◽  
C. ABIKO ◽  
T. MURATA ◽  
T. TAKAHASHI ◽  
...  

We attempted to predict epidemics of influenza B, focusing on B/Victoria/2/87-like (V) and B/Yamagata/16/88-like (Y) lineages, in Yamagata, Japan. We collected 9624 nasopharyngeal swabs for virus isolation from patients with respiratory infections between 1996 and 2003 and 237 sera for seroepidemiological analysis by haemagglutination–inhibition test in 2001. We isolated 424 V-lineage and 246 Y-lineage viruses during the study period. Three herald viruses in the 2000–2001 season enabled us to predict a V-lineage epidemic in the following season. However, another V-lineage epidemic occurred in the 2002–2003 season, although we caught four herald Y-lineage viruses, whose antigenic drift was suggested by seroepidemiological study, at the end of the previous season. Since the epidemiology of the two influenza B lineages remains unclear, a careful watch should be kept on these lineages in order to provide effective public-health strategies against future epidemics.


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Newton

Abstract Background The UK Faculty recognises the importance of the effective use of evidence and data in the past, present and future practice of public health. In setting standards for education and training and in its advocacy and leadership roles the Faculty emphasises use of three types of knowledge quantitative information from statistics and surveillance, research evidence and evidence from experience. To equip the public health workforce of the future it is important to understand likely knowledge requirements across these areas. Objectives To describe areas of work in current public health advocacy and leadership where knowledge transfer is being used to improve health and reduce health inequalities. To illustrate how the Faculty works with partner organisation to influence policy based on the best knowledge and evidence. Body of the session The session will briefly consider the current policy context for public health in the UK and propose a set of areas in which the Faculty sees a role for the use of data and evidence to improve health. The talk will give examples of how the Faculty works with partners such as the Academy of Royal Colleges, Government agencies, and other professional groups representing public health professionals to support individual professionals, to develop its own advocacy positions and to influence policy. A recent example of the English Government's Green Paper on prevention will be used to illustrate the approach. Conclusions Effective public health practice can greatly improve the quality and value of public health policy. However, to be effective public health leaders need to be trained and equipped to deliver the best advice effectively and have good access to the relevant evidence. They also need to be supported by strong leadership organisations such as the Faculty that have earned the respect of policy makers.


2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  

Abstract This workshop aim is to explore the call that is proposed by the WHO declarations of Nairobi and Shangai, that institutions should move forward to become health literate organizations. This workshop addresses qualitative and quantitative health literacy research work settings of health and non-health professionals. Health literacy has evolved into a significant public health and health promotion goal which is especially influenced by the social and cultural background, the availability of resources, and the settings in which it is practised. Basically, health literacy can be defined as the knowledge and skills to access, understand, appraise and apply health information in order to promote health and well-being. For a long period most research had focused on adult patients in clinical settings, but in the recent past there have been significant efforts from research, practice, and policy towards citizens in other organizational settings, which is due to findings stating that effective health literacy promotion begins and continues across all settings in a whole society approach since health is mostly shaped outside the health care setting. Such approaches can also be influential when addressing the reduction of health inequalities. The main objective of this workshop is to present first time empirical findings and developments from ongoing research projects of the Health Literacy in workplace (ProLiSa). Thereby, it will shed light on the health literacy of professionals, and link the current debate with contemporary public health approaches to advance the field of health literacy. The workshop will include 5 presentations with up to 15 minutes input followed by discussions. The first presentation is a tentative to understand health literacy and ehealth tools to improve quality of life. From Brazil a second presentation will consider health care organizations (hospitals) and the perspective to move to health literate organizations. From Portugal a third presentation will consider migration and integration and the case of health literacy as a foundation to promote cultural sensitiveness in the organizational setting. A forth presentation will consider how communicating with migrants can be a challenge and how children’s health literacy, digital technology can become and critical help. Finally the last presentation considers the role of health literacy and physical activity as buffers to counter act work related stress. This workshop offers a forum for researchers, practitioners and policy-makers interested in health literacy. By dialogue and two-way communication lively interaction and vivid discussions will be facilitated. This will allow discussing results with regard to their benefit for improving health literacy research, practice, and policy-making, support further synergies, break down barriers between research infrastructures, facilitate networking and collaboration, and support international capacity building. Key messages There is need for empirical health literacy research in work settings. It will allow informing sustainable and effective interventions and the development and application of better tools. Addressing the social environment will have impact on public health research & practice, will facilitate the development of health literate organizations, new concepts/strategies for health promotion.


2021 ◽  
Vol 03 (02) ◽  
pp. 6-14
Author(s):  
Zahra N. Masih ◽  

Tobacco and alcohol have long been acknowledged as carcinogens holding a critical role in the progression of a various cancers. Identifying the degree to which tobacco and alcohol can impact cancer mortality is necessary to developing effective public health strategies and mitigating risks with preventative measures. The goal of this study is to characterize the behavior of cancer mortality in response to shocks in alcohol and tobacco consumption utilizing aggregate U.S. data. This is the first study of its kind to examine the intertemporal relationship between cancer mortality and its determining factors within a dynamic system. Our results indicate cancer mortality displays persistence and its path dependency varies considerably between the shock factors. An unexpected shock to alcohol consumption results in cancer mortality taking about 17 years to return to its pre-shock level, whereas tobacco consumption shocks recover the original cancer mortality level in about 10 years. Alcohol has a more dominant effect on cancer mortality regardless of time dimension. As a result, policies that have been previously emphasized toward mitigating tobacco consumption may prove prudent in addressing alcohol as a public health concern with respect to cancer mortality.


Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 481
Author(s):  
Naru Zhang ◽  
Chaoqun Li ◽  
Shibo Jiang ◽  
Lanying Du

Flaviviruses include several medically important viruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), Dengue virus (DENV), West Nile virus (WNV) and Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). They have expanded in geographic distribution and refocused international attention in recent years. Vaccination is one of the most effective public health strategies for combating flavivirus infections. In this review, we summarized virus-like particle (VLP)-based vaccines against the above four mentioned flaviviruses. Potential strategies to improve the efficacy of VLP-based flavivirus vaccines were also illustrated. The applications of flavivirus VLPs as tools for viral detection and antiviral drug screening were finally proposed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucas Zhou ◽  
Samuel K. Ayeh ◽  
Vignesh Chidambaram ◽  
Petros C. Karakousis

AbstractCOVID-19 is a novel disease caused by SARS-CoV-2. During the global vaccination rollout, it is vital to thoroughly understand the modes of transmission of the virus in order to prevent further spread of variants and ultimately to end the pandemic. The current literature suggests that SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted among the human population primarily through respiratory droplets and, to a lesser extent, via aerosols. Transmission appears to be affected by temperature, humidity, precipitation, air currents, pH, and radiation in the ambient environment. Finally, the use of masks or facial coverings, social distancing, and hand washing are effective public health strategies in reducing the risk of exposure and transmission. Additional research is needed to further characterize the relative benefits of specific nonpharmaceutical interventions.


Author(s):  
Kesavan Sreekantan Nair

This paper attempts to provide an overview of the Covid-19 pandemic situation in India and highlights various public health system challenges faced by the country in its efforts to control the pandemic. This paper is based on extensive review of literature conducted to stimulate pertinent descriptive information on Covid-19 pandemic and public health system challenges in India. The Covid-19 pandemic has created unprecedented challenges on India’s public health system. India has implemented several strategies to mitigate the pandemic, but the rapid spread of the virus poses huge challenges of hitherto unseen scale on multiple fronts. India’s public health system is chronically underfunded, leading to a shortage of Covid-19 treatment facilities. Even the available health resources are unevenly distributed across states resulting in huge disparities in emergency preparedness and management of the pandemic. Due to lack of robust primary health care system and effective public health strategies, vulnerable population in most states are prone to the pandemic and risk of severe complications. The findings can draw attentions of health policy makers to develop appropriate policy for future pandemic preparedness and management.


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