Functional analysis of SlERF01 gene in the disease resistance to S.lycopersici

Abstract Background: Tomato gray leaf spot disease caused by Stemphylium lycopersici ( S. lycopersici ) is a serious disease that can severely affect tomato production. So far, only resistance gene Sm has been reported and the molecular mechanism of tomato resistance to the disease remains unclear. To better understand this mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici , qRT-PCR analysis, physiological index determination, microscopic observation and transgenic technology were used in this study. Results: Our results showed that SlERF01 could be strongly induced by S. lycopersici and the exogenous hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and H 2 O 2 was increased in transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Here, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in among multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate PR1 gene expression and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici . Conclusions: We identified SlERF01 , a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor. The Functional verification demonstrated SlERF01 positively regulated tomato resistance to S. lycopersici . Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in the multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only can help to better understanding of mechanisms of response to pathogens, but also will enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici .

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Functional analysis of SlERF01 gene in the disease resistance to S.lycopersici

10.21203/rs.2.24362/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huanhuan Yang ◽

Jingfu Li

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Functional Verification ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Ros Signaling ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Serious Disease ◽

Resistance To Invasion

Abstract Background: Tomato gray leaf spot disease caused by Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is a serious disease that can severely affect tomato production. So far, only resistance gene Sm has been reported and the molecular mechanism of tomato resistance to the disease remains unclear. To better understand this mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici, qRT-PCR analysis, physiological index determination, microscopic observation and transgenic technology were used in this study.Results: Our results showed that SlERF01 could be strongly induced by S. lycopersici and the exogenous hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and H2O2 was increased in transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Here, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in among multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate PR1 gene expression and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici.Conclusions: We identified SlERF01, a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor. The Functional verification demonstrated SlERF01 positively regulated tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in the multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only can help to better understanding of mechanisms of response to pathogens, but also will enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici.

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Functional analysis of SlERF01 gene in the disease resistance to S.lycopersici

10.21203/rs.2.24362/v4 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huanhuan Yang ◽

Fengyi Shen ◽

Hexuan Wang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

He Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Ros Signaling ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Tomato Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Serious Disease ◽

Resistance To Invasion

Abstract Background: Tomato gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is a serious disease that can severely hinder tomato production. To date, only Sm has been reported to provide resistance against this disease, and the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to this disease in tomato remains unclear. To better understand the mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based analysis, physiological indexes, microscopy observations and transgenic technology were used in this study.Results: Our results showed that the expression of SlERF01 was strongly induced by S. lycopersici and by exogenous applications of the hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response (HR) to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in the transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Taken together, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in multiple SA, JA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways to provide resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate the expression of the PR1 gene and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici.Conclusions: We identified the SlERF01 gene, which encodes a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF). Functional analysis revealed that SlERF01 positively regulates tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to provide resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only help to better understand the mechanisms of response to pathogens but also enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici.

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Functional analysis of the SlERF01 gene in disease resistance to S. lycopersici

10.21203/rs.2.24362/v5 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huanhuan Yang ◽

Fengyi Shen ◽

Hexuan Wang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

He Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Functional Analysis ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Ros Signaling ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Physiological Indexes ◽

Tomato Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Serious Disease ◽

Resistance To Invasion

Abstract Background: Tomato gray leaf spot caused by Stemphylium lycopersici (S. lycopersici) is a serious disease that can severely hinder tomato production. To date, only Sm has been reported to provide resistance against this disease, and the molecular mechanism underlying resistance to this disease in tomato remains unclear. To better understand the mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici, real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR)-based analysis, physiological indexes, microscopy observations and transgenic technology were used in this study.Results: Our results showed that the expression of SlERF01 was strongly induced by S. lycopersici and by exogenous applications of the hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response (HR) to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) increased in the transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Taken together, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in multiple SA, JA and reactive oxygen species (ROS) signaling pathways to provide resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate the expression of the PR1 gene and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici.Conclusions: We identified the SlERF01 gene, which encodes a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor (TF). Functional analysis revealed that SlERF01 positively regulates tomato resistance to S. lycopersici. Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to provide resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only help to better understand the mechanisms of response to pathogens but also enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici.

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Transformation and functional verification of Cry5Aa in cotton

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-82495-8 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Shihao Zhao ◽

Feng Wang ◽

Qiuping Zhang ◽

Jiayi Zou ◽

Zhangshu Xie ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Resistance Gene ◽

Insect Resistance ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Instar Larva ◽

Cotton Bollworm ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Functional Verification ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Transgenic Strains

AbstractMost of the cotton bollworm-resistant genes applied in cotton are more than 20 years and they all belong to Cry1Ab/c family, but the insect-resistant effects of Cry5Aa on cotton were rarely reported. The possible risk of resistance is increasing. The study synthesized a novel bollworm-resistant gene Cry5Aa artificially based on preferences of cotton codon. The new gene was transferred to cotton through the method of pollen tube pathway. The transgenic strains were identified by kanamycin test in field and laboratory PCR analysis. Meanwhile, an insect resistance test was conducted by artificial bollworm feeding with transgenic leaves and GK19 was used as a control in this study. Results showed that rate of positive transgenic strains with kanamycin resistance in the first generation (T1), the second generation (T2) and the third generation (T3) respectively were 7.76%, 73.1% and 95.5%. However, PCR analysis showed that the positive strain rate in T1, T2 and T3 were 2.35%, 55.8% and 94.5%, respectively. The resistant assay of cotton bollworm showed that the mortality rate of the second, third and fourth instar larva feed by the transgenic cotton leaves, were 85.42%, 73.35% and 62.79%, respectively. There was a significant difference between transgenic plant of Cry5Aa and GK19 in insect resistance. Finally, we also conducted the further analysis of gene expression patterns, gene flow and the effect on non-target pest in the study. The results showed that Cry5Aa gene had less environmental impact, and Cry5Aa has been transferred successfully and expressed stably in cotton. Therefore, the novel bollworm resistance gene can partially replace the current insect-resistance gene of Lepidoptera insects.

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First Report of Tomato Gray Leaf Spot Caused by Stemphylium solani in the Andes Region of Venezuela

Plant Disease ◽

10.1094/pdis.1997.81.11.1332b ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 81 (11) ◽

pp. 1332-1332 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

L. Cedeño ◽

C. Carrero

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Width Ratio ◽

Conidial Suspension ◽

Tomato Production ◽

First Report ◽

The Andes ◽

Length Width

Since 1994, tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) grown in Mérida State, located in the Venezuelan Andes, have been consistently affected by a gray leaf spot disease with symptoms on leaves, petioles, and stems. Yield is reduced, and in some cases entire crops have been destroyed over short time. Because of its prevalence, distribution, and severity, the disease has become the major factor limiting tomato production in this region. Disease symptoms were commonly observed on seedlings and plants. On leaves the disease first appeared as circular to elongated dark specks. As the spots enlarged, they became gray and bright. Old lesions dried and usually cracked. Severely infected leaves turned yellow and then died and dropped. Lesions on petioles and stems were elongate. Disease severity was generally higher following the beginning of fruiting. The fungus was isolated from leaves, petioles, and stems of tomato cv. Rio Grande on 2% water agar acidified with lactic acid. On potato-carrot agar, conidiophores and conidia were produced with the characteristics of Stemphylium. Two species of Stemphylium, S. solani G. F. Weber and S. lycopersici (Enjoji) W. Yamamoto, cause gray leaf spot symptoms on tomato. Based on morphology, size, and the length/width ratio of the conidia, the fungus was identified as S. solani (1). Inoculations done by spraying a conidial suspension on plants of tomato cv. Rio Grande produced symptoms similar to those observed in the field. S. solani was consistently isolated from experimentally infected tissues, thus confirming Koch's postulates. This is the first report of S. solani causing gray leaf spot on tomato grown in the Andes of Venezuela. Reference: (1) G. F. Weber. Phytopathology 20:513, 1930.

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cROStalk for Life: Uncovering ROS Signaling in Plants and Animal Systems, from Gametogenesis to Early Embryonic Development

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes12040525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 525

Author(s):

Valentina Lodde ◽

Piero Morandini ◽

Alex Costa ◽

Irene Murgia ◽

Ignacio Ezquer

Keyword(s):

Signal Transduction ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Analytical Techniques ◽

Antioxidant Systems ◽

Developmental Studies ◽

Science Field ◽

Ros Signaling ◽

Reproductive Processes

This review explores the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/Ca2+ in communication within reproductive structures in plants and animals. Many concepts have been described during the last years regarding how biosynthesis, generation products, antioxidant systems, and signal transduction involve ROS signaling, as well as its possible link with developmental processes and response to biotic and abiotic stresses. In this review, we first addressed classic key concepts in ROS and Ca2+ signaling in plants, both at the subcellular, cellular, and organ level. In the plant science field, during the last decades, new techniques have facilitated the in vivo monitoring of ROS signaling cascades. We will describe these powerful techniques in plants and compare them to those existing in animals. Development of new analytical techniques will facilitate the understanding of ROS signaling and their signal transduction pathways in plants and mammals. Many among those signaling pathways already have been studied in animals; therefore, a specific effort should be made to integrate this knowledge into plant biology. We here discuss examples of how changes in the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways can affect differentiation processes in plants, focusing specifically on reproductive processes where the ROS and Ca2+ signaling pathways influence the gametophyte functioning, sexual reproduction, and embryo formation in plants and animals. The study field regarding the role of ROS and Ca2+ in signal transduction is evolving continuously, which is why we reviewed the recent literature and propose here the potential targets affecting ROS in reproductive processes. We discuss the opportunities to integrate comparative developmental studies and experimental approaches into studies on the role of ROS/ Ca2+ in both plant and animal developmental biology studies, to further elucidate these crucial signaling pathways.

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The Utility of the Upcoming HyspIRI’s Simulated Spectral Settings in Detecting Maize Gray Leafy Spot in Relation to Sentinel-2 MSI, VENµS, and Landsat 8 OLI Sensors

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120846 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 846

Author(s):

Mbulisi Sibanda ◽

Onisimo Mutanga ◽

Timothy Dube ◽

John Odindi ◽

Paramu L. Mafongoya

Keyword(s):

Food Security ◽

Precision Agriculture ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Landsat 8 ◽

Landsat 8 Oli ◽

Maize Crop ◽

Sentinel 2

Considering the high maize yield loses caused by incidences of disease, as well as incomprehensive monitoring initiatives in crop farming, there is a need for spatially explicit, cost-effective, and consistent approaches for monitoring, as well as for forecasting, food-crop diseases, such as maize Gray Leaf Spot. Such approaches are valuable in reducing the associated economic losses while fostering food security. In this study, we sought to investigate the utility of the forthcoming HyspIRI sensor in detecting disease progression of Maize Gray Leaf Spot infestation in relation to the Sentinel-2 MSI and Landsat 8 OLI spectral configurations simulated using proximally sensed data. Healthy, intermediate, and severe categories of maize crop infections by the Gray Leaf Spot disease were discriminated based on partial least squares–discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) algorithm. Comparatively, the results show that the HyspIRI’s simulated spectral settings slightly performed better than those of Sentinel-2 MSI, VENµS, and Landsat 8 OLI sensor. HyspIRI exhibited an overall accuracy of 0.98 compared to 0.95, 0.93, and 0.89, which were exhibited by Sentinel-2 MSI, VENµS, and Landsat 8 OLI sensor sensors, respectively. Furthermore, the results showed that the visible section, red-edge, and NIR covered by all the four sensors were the most influential spectral regions for discriminating different Maize Gray Leaf Spot infections. These findings underscore the potential value of the upcoming hyperspectral HyspIRI sensor in precision agriculture and forecasting of crop-disease epidemics, which are necessary to ensure food security.

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At the Intersection: Merging Ca 2+ and ROS Signaling Pathways in Pollen

Molecular Plant ◽

10.1093/mp/ssu096 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 1595-1597 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Michael M. Wudick ◽

José A. Feijó

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Ros Signaling

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Pendeteksian Septoria pada Tanaman Tomat dengan Metode Deep Learning berbasis Raspberry Pi

Jurnal RESTI (Rekayasa Sistem dan Teknologi Informasi) ◽

10.29207/resti.v5i1.2831 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 107-113

Author(s):

Kahlil Muchtar ◽

Chairuman ◽

Yudha Nurdin ◽

Afdhal Afdhal

Keyword(s):

Deep Learning ◽

Leaf Spot ◽

Raspberry Pi ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Detection Accuracy ◽

Crop Failure ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Spot Disease ◽

Average Accuracy ◽

Septoria Leaf Spot

much needed to meet the needs of both industry and households. However, tomato plants still require serious handling in increasing the yields. Data from the Central Bureau of Statistics shows that the number of tomatoes produced is not in accordance with a large number of market demands, resulting from the decrease of tomato yields. One of the obstacles in increasing tomato production is that the crops are attacked by septoria leaf spot disease due to the fungus or the fungus Septoria Lycopersici Speg. Most farmers have limited knowledge of the early symptoms, which are not obvious, and also facing difficulty in detecting this disease earlier. The problem has been causing disadvantages such as crop failure or plant death. Based on this problem, a study will be conducted with the aim of designing a tool that can be used to detect septoria leaf spot disease based on deep learning using the Convolutional Neural Network (ConvNets or CNN) model, where an algorithm that resembles human nerves is one of the supervised learning and widely used for solving linear and non-linear problems. In addition, the researcher used the Raspberry Pi as a microcontroller and used the Intel Movidius Neural Computing Stick (NCS) which functions to speed up the computing process so that the detection process is easier because of its portable, fast and accurate nature. The average accuracy rate is 95.89% with detection accuracy between 84.22% to 100%.

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