Transformation and functional verification of Cry5Aa in cotton

AbstractMost of the cotton bollworm-resistant genes applied in cotton are more than 20 years and they all belong to Cry1Ab/c family, but the insect-resistant effects of Cry5Aa on cotton were rarely reported. The possible risk of resistance is increasing. The study synthesized a novel bollworm-resistant gene Cry5Aa artificially based on preferences of cotton codon. The new gene was transferred to cotton through the method of pollen tube pathway. The transgenic strains were identified by kanamycin test in field and laboratory PCR analysis. Meanwhile, an insect resistance test was conducted by artificial bollworm feeding with transgenic leaves and GK19 was used as a control in this study. Results showed that rate of positive transgenic strains with kanamycin resistance in the first generation (T1), the second generation (T2) and the third generation (T3) respectively were 7.76%, 73.1% and 95.5%. However, PCR analysis showed that the positive strain rate in T1, T2 and T3 were 2.35%, 55.8% and 94.5%, respectively. The resistant assay of cotton bollworm showed that the mortality rate of the second, third and fourth instar larva feed by the transgenic cotton leaves, were 85.42%, 73.35% and 62.79%, respectively. There was a significant difference between transgenic plant of Cry5Aa and GK19 in insect resistance. Finally, we also conducted the further analysis of gene expression patterns, gene flow and the effect on non-target pest in the study. The results showed that Cry5Aa gene had less environmental impact, and Cry5Aa has been transferred successfully and expressed stably in cotton. Therefore, the novel bollworm resistance gene can partially replace the current insect-resistance gene of Lepidoptera insects.

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Изучение коллекционного материала озимой твердой пшеницы на наличие гена устойчивости к септориозу Stb2

Grain Economy of Russia ◽

10.31367/2079-8725-2020-72-6-51-55 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 51-55

Author(s):

O. S. Zhogaleva ◽

A. Yu. Myshastaya ◽

O. S. Pavlenko ◽

N. N. Vozhzhova ◽

E. V. Ionova

Keyword(s):

Durum Wheat ◽

Resistance Gene ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

North Caucasus ◽

Septoria Leaf Blotch ◽

Leaf Blotch ◽

Caucasus Region ◽

The North ◽

Study Results ◽

High Yields

In order to obtain high yields of winter durum wheat, it is necessary not only to use advanced agricultural technologies, but also to sow varieties resistant to major diseases. One of these diseases that cause great harm to grain crops is Septoria leaf blotch. The current paper has presented the study results of collection material of Russian and foreign winter durum wheat according to the efficiency of the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in the North Caucasus region. The purpose of the current study was to identify the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in the collection material of winter durum wheat. The study was carried out in 2017–2018 in the laboratory of marker breeding of the FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy” in Zernograd. In the course of the study there have been applied such methods as the isolation of genomic DNA by the CTAB-method, PCR-analysis with the molecular SSR marker WMS533, electrophoresis on 2% agarose gel, analysis of electrophoresis gels in the Bio-Rad Image Lab 6.0 software, general data analysis by Microsoft Excel. The study has shown that 29 samples out of 185 analyzed ones had the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2, they are the lines L3557 h42, L3182 h7, L3335 h29, L3336 h43, L3408 h218 (Russia, FSBSI “Research Center of Plants named after P. P. Lukyanenko”), K-61620 (Russia), K-54455, DF 917 (Romania), K-61924, K-59179, K-51863, K-61869 (Moldova), K-63871 (Turkey), Kharkovskaya 909 (Ukraine), MVTD-15-99 (Hungary), 2196-1/04, 922/93, 589/13, 655/13, 683/13, 145/14, 322/14, 484/14, Gordeiform 1424/82 (Russia, FSBSI “ARC “Donskoy”), Beliy Parus (Ukraine), Belgorodskaya Yantarnaya (LLC “Sativa” in Belgorod, Russia), IR named after V. Ya. Yuriev (Kharkov, Ukraine)), Zhivitsa (Russia, Prikumskaya OSS), Pandur (Romania) and Elidur (Romania). There have been recommended using the identified samples of winter durum wheat with the Septoria leaf blotch resistance gene Stb2 in breeding programs.

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Investigation of Fasciculation and Elongation Protein ζ-1 (FEZ1) in Peripheral Blood Reveals Differences in Gene Expression in Patients with Schizophrenia

Balkan Journal of Medical Genetics ◽

10.1515/bjmg-2015-0003 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 18 (1) ◽

pp. 31-38 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

T.I. Vachev ◽

V.K. Stoyanova ◽

H.Y. Ivanov ◽

I.N. Minkov ◽

N.T. Popov

Keyword(s):

Gene Expression ◽

Peripheral Blood ◽

Current Knowledge ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Gene Expression Patterns ◽

Down Regulation ◽

Blood Samples ◽

Molecular Abnormalities ◽

Significant Difference

Abstract Schizophrenia (SZ) is a chronic neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by affective, neuromorphological and cognitive impairment, deteriorated social functioning and psychosis with underlying molecular abnormalities, including gene expression changes. Observations have suggested that fasciculation and elongation protein ζ-1 (FEZ1) may be implicated in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. Nevertheless, our current knowledge of the expression of FEZ1 in peripheral blood of schizophrenia patients remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to identify the characteristic gene expression patterns of FEZ1 in peripheral blood samples from schizophrenia patients. We performed quantitative reverse-transcriptase (qRT-PCR) analysis using peripheral blood from drug-free schizophrenia patients (n = 29) and age and gender-matched general population controls (n = 24). For the identification of FEZ1 gene expression patterns, we applied a comparative threshold cycle (CT) method. A statistically significant difference of FEZ1 mRNA level was revealed in schizophrenia subjects compared to healthy controls (p = 0.0034). To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first describing a down-regulation of FEZ1 gene expression in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggested a possible functional role of FEZ1 in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and confirmed the utility of peripheral blood samples for molecular profiling of psychiatric disorders including schizophrenia. The current study describes FEZ1 gene expression changes in peripheral blood of patients with schizophrenia with significantly down-regulation of FEZ1 mRNA. Thus, our results provide support for a model of SZ pathogenesis that includes the effects of FEZ1 expression.

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Functional analysis of SlERF01 gene in the disease resistance to S.lycopersici

10.21203/rs.2.24362/v3 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huanhuan Yang ◽

Fengyi Shen ◽

Hexuan Wang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

He Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Functional Verification ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Ros Signaling ◽

Study Results ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Serious Disease

Abstract Background: Tomato gray leaf spot disease caused by Stemphylium lycopersici ( S. lycopersici ) is a serious disease that can severely affect tomato production. So far, only resistance gene Sm has been reported and the molecular mechanism of tomato resistance to the disease remains unclear. To better understand this mechanism of tomato resistance to S. lycopersici , qRT-PCR analysis, physiological index determination, microscopic observation and transgenic technology were used in this study. Results: Our results showed that SlERF01 could be strongly induced by S. lycopersici and the exogenous hormones salicylic acid (SA) and jasmonic acid (JA). Furthermore, overexpression of SlERF01 enhanced the hypersensitive response to S. lycopersici and elevated the expression of defense genes in tomato. Furthermore, the accumulation of lignin, callose and H 2 O 2 was increased in transgenic lines after inoculation with S. lycopersici. Here, our results showed that SlERF01 played an indispensable role in among multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to S. lycopersici invasion. Our findings also indicated that SlERF01 could activate PR1 gene expression and enhance resistance to S. lycopersici . Conclusions: We identified SlERF01 , a novel tomato AP2/ERF transcription factor. The Functional verification demonstrated SlERF01 positively regulated tomato resistance to S. lycopersici . Our findings indicate that SlERF01 plays a key role in the multiple SA, JA and ROS signaling pathways to confer resistance to invasion by S. lycopersici. The findings of this study not only can help to better understanding of mechanisms of response to pathogens, but also will enable targeted breeding strategies for tomato resistance to S. lycopersici .

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Functional analysis of SlERF01 gene in the disease resistance to S.lycopersici

10.21203/rs.2.24362/v2 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Huanhuan Yang ◽

Fengyi Shen ◽

Hexuan Wang ◽

Tingting Zhao ◽

He Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Signaling Pathways ◽

Gray Leaf Spot ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Functional Verification ◽

Leaf Spot Disease ◽

Tomato Production ◽

Ros Signaling ◽

Study Results ◽

Transgenic Lines ◽

Serious Disease

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Ayurveda Body–Mind Constitutional Types and Role of Yoga Intervention Among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Population of Chandigarh and Panchkula Regions

Annals of Neurosciences ◽

10.1177/09727531211000040 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 097275312110000

Author(s):

Madhava Sai Sivapuram ◽

Vinod Srivastava ◽

Navneet Kaur ◽

Akshay Anand ◽

Raghuram Nagarathna ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Diabetes Mellitus ◽

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Lipid Profiles ◽

Control Groups ◽

Yoga Intervention ◽

Positive Effects ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Control

Background: Type 2 diabetes needs a better understanding of etiological factors and management strategies based on lifestyle and constitutional factors, given its high association rate with many cardiovascular, neurological disorders, and COVID-19 infection. Purpose: The present study was undertaken to investigate the effect of Diabetes-specific integrated Yoga lifestyle Protocol (DYP) on glycemic control and lipid profiles of diabetic adults. Along with the DYP intervention, the individuals residing in Chandigarh and Panchkula union territories in the northern part of India were assessed for Ayurveda-based body–mind constitutional type. Ayurveda describes body–mind constitution as “ prakriti,” which has been discussed from two angles, namely physiological and psychological as body and mind are correlated. Methods: Cluster sampling of waitlist control study subjects was used as the sampling method for the study. A total of 1,215 registered subjects (81 diabetic) responded in randomly selected clusters in Chandigarh and Panchkula. Ayurveda physicians did Ayurveda body–mind constitutional assessment called prakriti assessment (physiological body–mind constitution assessment) in 35 participants (23 diabetic, 12 prediabetic) as a part of the study. Results: A group of 50 subjects was randomly selected for yoga intervention out of 81 diabetes mellitus adults, and 31 subjects were enrolled as waitlist controls. A significant decrease in the glycosylated hemoglobin levels from 8.49 ± 1.94% to 7.97 ± 2.20% in the intervention group was noticed. The lipid profiles of the DYP intervention and control groups were monitored. Three-month follow-up results of lipid profile diagnostic tests in intervention and control groups showed a significant difference between the two groups ( P < 0.05). Most diabetic and prediabetic individuals were found to have pitta dosha ( pitta controls all heat, metabolism, and transformation in the mind and body) as dominant constitution type. Conclusion: The study results demonstrated significant positive effects of yoga in diabetic individuals. This study has indicated the evidence for the safety and efficacy of the validated DYP for community-level interventions to prevent maladies like brain damage and stroke.

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A Meta-Analysis of Extracorporeal Anticoagulants in Pediatric Continuous Kidney Replacement Therapy

Journal of Intensive Care Medicine ◽

10.1177/0885066621992751 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 088506662199275

Author(s):

Rupesh Raina ◽

Nirav Agrawal ◽

Kirsten Kusumi ◽

Avisha Pandey ◽

Abhishek Tibrewal ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Replacement Therapy ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Kidney Injury ◽

Electrolyte Imbalance ◽

Therapeutic Modality ◽

Regional Citrate Anticoagulation ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Kidney Replacement Therapy

Objective: Continuous kidney replacement therapy (CKRT) is the primary therapeutic modality utilized in hemodynamically unstable patients with severe acute kidney injury. As the circuit is extracorporeal, it poses an increased risk of blood clotting and circuit loss; frequent circuit losses affect the provider’s ability to provide optimal treatment. The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the safety and efficacy of the extracorporeal anticoagulants in the pediatric CKRT population. Data Sources: We conducted a literature search on PubMed/Medline and Embase for relevant citations. Study Selection: Studies were included if they involved patients under the age of 18 years undergoing CKRT, with the use of anticoagulation (heparin, citrate, or prostacyclin) as a part of therapy. Only English articles were included in the study. Data Extraction: Initial search yielded 58 articles and a total of 24 articles were included and reviewed. A meta-analysis was performed focusing on the safety and effectiveness of regional citrate anticoagulation (RCA) vs unfractionated heparin (UFH) anticoagulants in children. Data Synthesis: RCA had statistically significantly longer circuit life of 50.65 hours vs. UFH of 42.10 hours. Two major adverse effects metabolic alkalosis and electrolyte imbalance seen more commonly in RCA compared to UFH. There was not a significant difference in the risk of systemic bleeding when comparing RCA vs. UFH. Conclusion: RCA is the preferred anticoagulant over UFH due to its significantly longer circuit life, although vigilant circuit monitoring is required due to the increased risk of electrolyte disturbances. Prostacyclin was not included in the meta-analysis due to the lack of data in pediatric patients. Additional studies are needed to strengthen the study results further.

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Reproductive Performance Following Hysteroscopic Surgery for Uterine Septum: Results from a Single Surgeon Data

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10010130 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 130

Author(s):

Ertan Saridogan ◽

Mona Salman ◽

Lerzan Sinem Direk ◽

Ali Alchami

Keyword(s):

Reproductive Performance ◽

Observational Studies ◽

Patient Characteristics ◽

Reproductive Outcomes ◽

Hysteroscopic Surgery ◽

High Quality Evidence ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Uterine Septum

Uterine septum can negatively affect reproductive outcomes in women. Based on evidence from retrospective observational studies, hysteroscopic incision has been considered a solution to improve reproductive performance, however there has been recent controversy on the need for surgery for uterine septum. High quality evidence from prospective studies is still lacking, and until it is available, experts are encouraged to publish their data. We are therefore presenting our data that involves analysis of the patient characteristics, surgical approach and long-term reproductive outcomes of women who received treatment for uterine septum under the care of a single surgeon. This includes all women (99) who underwent hysteroscopic surgery for uterine septum between January 2001 and December 2019. Of those 99 women treated for intrauterine septum who were trying to conceive, 91.4% (64/70) achieved pregnancy, 78.6% (55/70) had live births and 8.6% (6/70) had miscarriages. No statistically significant difference was found in the live birth rates when data was analyzed in subgroups based on age, reason for referral/aetiology and severity of pathology. Our study results support the view that surgical treatment of uterine septa is beneficial in improving reproductive outcomes.

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RT-PCR analysis of Deformed wing virus in honeybees (Apis mellifera) and mites (Varroa destructor)

Journal of General Virology ◽

10.1099/vir.0.81401-0 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 86 (12) ◽

pp. 3419-3424 ◽

Cited By ~ 210

Author(s):

Constanze Yue ◽

Elke Genersch

Keyword(s):

Varroa Destructor ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Body Parts ◽

Rt Pcr ◽

Larval Food ◽

Viral Pathogen ◽

Deformed Wing Virus ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Almost All ◽

Viral Sequences

Deformed wing virus (DWV) is a honeybee viral pathogen either persisting as an inapparent infection or resulting in wing deformity. The occurrence of deformity is associated with the transmission of DWV through Varroa destructor during pupal stages. Such infections with DWV add to the pathology of V. destructor and play a major role in colony collapse in the course of varroosis. Using a recently developed RT-PCR protocol for the detection of DWV, individual bees and mites originating from hives differing in Varroa infestation levels and the occurrence of crippled bees were analysed. It was found that 100 % of both crippled and asymptomatic bees were positive for DWV. However, a significant difference in the spatial distribution of DWV between asymptomatic and crippled bees could be demonstrated: when analysing head, thorax and abdomen of crippled bees, all body parts were always strongly positive for viral sequences. In contrast, for asymptomatic bees viral sequences could be detected in RNA extracted from the thorax and/or abdomen but never in RNA extracted from the head. DWV replication was demonstrated in almost all DWV-positive body parts of infected bees. Analysing individual mites for the presence of DWV revealed that the percentage of DWV-positive mites differed between mite populations. In addition, it was demonstrated that DWV was able to replicate in some but not all mites. Interestingly, virus replication in mites was correlated with wing deformity. DWV was also detected in the larval food, implicating that in addition to transmission by V. destructor DWV is also transmitted by feeding.

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Identification, Expression, and Functions of the Somatostatin Gene Family in Spotted Scat (Scatophagus argus)

Genes ◽

10.3390/genes11020194 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 194

Author(s):

Peizhe Feng ◽

Changxu Tian ◽

Xinghua Lin ◽

Dongneng Jiang ◽

Hongjuan Shi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gene Family ◽

Growth Regulation ◽

Expression Patterns ◽

Open Reading Frames ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

Sequence Alignments ◽

Scatophagus Argus ◽

Gene Structure And Expression ◽

Liver Fragments

Somatostatins (SSTs) are a family of proteins consisting of structurally diverse polypeptides that play important roles in the growth regulation in vertebrates. In the present study, four somatostatin genes (SST1, SST3, SST5, and SST6) were identified and characterized in the spotted scat (Scatophagus argus). The open reading frames (ORFs) of SST1, SST3, SST5, and SST6 cDNA consist of 372, 384, 321, and 333 bp, respectively, and encode proteins of 123, 127, 106, and 110 amino acids, respectively. Amino acid sequence alignments indicated that all SST genes contained conserved somatostatin signature motifs. Real-time PCR analysis showed that the SST genes were expressed in a tissue specific manner. When liver fragments were cultured in vitro with synthetic peptides (SST1, SST2, or SST6 at 1 μM or 10 μM) for 3 h or 6 h, the expression of insulin-like growth factor 1 and 2 (Igf-1 and Igf-2) in the liver decreased significantly. Treatment with SST5 had no significant effect on Igf-1 and Igf-2 gene expression. This study provides an enhanced understanding of the gene structure and expression patterns of the SST gene family in S. argus. Furthermore, this study provides a foundation for future exploration into the role of SST genes in growth and development.

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The Combined Effects of Sports Smart Bracelet and Multi-Component Exercise Program on Exercise Motivation among the Elderly in Macau

Medicina ◽

10.3390/medicina57010034 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 57 (1) ◽

pp. 34

Author(s):

Cheuk Kei Lao ◽

Bing Long Wang ◽

Richard S. Wang ◽

Hsiao Yun Chang

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Exercise Training ◽

Training Programs ◽

Exercise Program ◽

The Elderly ◽

Control Group ◽

Exercise Motivation ◽

Sport Training ◽

Study Results ◽

Significant Difference

Background and objectives: Faced with the serious problem of an aging population, exercise is one of the most effective ways to maintain the health of the elderly. In recent years, with the popularization of smartphones, the elderly have increasingly accepted technological products that incorporate artificial intelligence (AI). However, there is not much research on using artificial intelligence bracelets to enhance elders’ motivation and participation in exercise. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of sports smart bracelets and multi-sport training programs on the motivation of the elderly in Macau. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted with a randomized trial design in a 12 week multi-sport exercise training intervention. According to the evaluation, a total of sixty elders’ pre- and post-test data were included in this study. Results: After 12 weeks of multi-sport exercise training, the evaluation scores on the exercise motivation scale (EMS) increased significantly in the group wearing exercise bracelets and those taking part in the multi-component exercise program, and the degree of progress reached a statistically significant level, but the control group did not show any statistically significant difference. The influence of the combination of sports smart bracelets and multi-sport training programs on elders’ motivation is clearer. Conclusions: The use of sports smart bracelets by elderly people in conjunction with diverse exercise training can effectively enhance elders’ motivation and increase their participation in regular exercise. The combination of sports smart bracelets and multi-sport training programs is worth promoting in the elderly population.

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