scholarly journals Human-wildlife conflict and community perceptions towards wildlife conservation in and around Wof-Washa Natural State Forest, Ethiopia: a case study of human grivet monkey conflict

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Natural State ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Abstract Background: Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) is predicted to increase globally in the vicinity of protected areas and occurs in several different contexts and involves a range of animal taxonomic groups whose needs and requirements overlap with humans. Human-monkey conflict exists in different forms more in developing countries and ranks amongst the main threats to biodiversity conservation. Grivet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops aethiops) are any slender agile Old-World monkeys of the genus Cercopithecus. This study was conducted to investigate the status of human grivet monkey conflict and the attitude of local communities towards grivet monkey conservation in and around Wof-Washa Natural State Forest (WWNSF), Ethiopia from September 2017 to May 2018. Questionnaire survey (143) was used to study the human-grivet monkey conflict and its conservation status. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. Results: Majority of respondents from both gender (male= 67.1%; female= 74.1%) were not supporting grivet monkey conservation due to its troublesome crop damaging effect. There was significant difference in respondents perceptions towards grivet monkey conservation based on distance of farmland from the forest (χ2= 12.7, df =4, P = 0.013). There was no significant difference in the techniques used by villagers to deter crop raiders (χ2= 14.73, df =15, P = 0.47). There was significant difference in respondents expectations on the mitigation measures to be taken by government (χ2= 40.01, df =15, P = 0.000). Based on the questionnaire result, 42.5 ± SD 8.68 of respondents in all villages elucidated that the causes of crop damage was habitat degradations.Conclusion: The encroachment of local communities in to the forest area and exploitation of resources that would be used by grivet monkey and enhanced crop damage by grivet monkey exacerbated the HGMC in the study area. As a result grivet monkeys have been killed relentlessly as a consequence of crop damage. This was due to negative energy developed in human perspective. Thus, awareness creation education program and feasible crop damage prevention techniques need to be implemented.

scholarly journals Survey of human-leopard (Panthera Pardus) conflict in Ayubia National Park, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-46
Author(s):  
Nabeel Awan ◽  
Atif Yaqub ◽  
Muhammad Kamran
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Panthera Pardus ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Community Based Conservation ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Wildlife populations are at a risk of extinction mainly because of human-wildlife conflict (HWC). The present study was designed to evaluate the ongoing HWC with special reference to Common Leopard (Panthera pardus) in Ayubia National park through field study as well as a literature-based approach. Questionnaire interview surveys were designed for wildlife officials working in the park and the locals who bear the cost for leopard conflict through livestock depredation and crop damage. The study showed that human-leopard conflict in the study area has been increasing. More than 60% of people considered livestock depredation as the major reason for their negative perception towards the common leopard. Among livestock, goats were more vulnerable which showed that leopards mostly preferred smaller prey. A number of reported human injuries and deaths on account of Human-Leopard conflict in the study area helped conclude that human-wildlife conflict is a significant issue. Mitigation measures may hence be recommended, such as livestock compensation schemes and community-based conservation approaches, etc. It is critical to avoid human-Leopard conflict not only to keep the public and their property safe but also to help conserve this important species of common leopard (Panthera pardus).

scholarly journals Assessment of Human-Wildlife Conflict and the Attitude of Local Communities to Wild Animal Conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Salahadin Merkebu ◽  
Dereje Yazezew
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Negative Attitude ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Papio Hamadryas ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
The Status ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human-wildlife conflict (HWC) has increased globally because of an increase in the human population, particularly in developing countries. This study was conducted to investigate the status of HWC and the attitude of local communities to wildlife conservation around Borena Sayint National Park, Northeastern Ethiopia. Data were collected between September 2017 and May 2018 using a face-to-face questionnaire survey (230), focus group discussions (7), and direct observation on the crop foraging. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the responses were compared using a nonparametric Pearson chi-square test. The majority of respondents (70%) reported the existence of HWC manifested because of the damage received to their assets (both crop and livestock). Canis aureus, Panthera pardus, Crocuta crocuta, and Papio hamadryas were stated as livestock depredators. Gelada, rabbit, porcupine, klipspringer, bushbuck, and duiker were considered as the major crop raiders. Over half (57.83%) of the respondents had a positive attitude, while others (36.09%) had a negative attitude towards the conservation of wildlife due to frequently faced problems. Respondents in different villages differed significantly (χ2 = 27.385, DF = 12, P < 0.05 ) in their attitude towards wildlife. Possible mitigation actions need to be undertaken to reduce the wildlife damage such that wildlife can sustainably be managed in the park.

scholarly journals Coexistence between human and wildlife: the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict around Bale Mountains National Park, Southeast Ethiopia

BMC Ecology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sefi Mekonen
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Local Communities ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Benefit Sharing ◽  
Human Settlement ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Abstract Human–wildlife conflict occurs when the needs and behavior of wildlife impact negatively on humans or when humans negatively affect the needs of wildlife. To explore the nature, causes and mitigations of human wildlife conflict, the coexistence between human and wildlife assessment was conducted around Bale Mountains National Park. Data were collected by means of household questionnaires, focus group discussion, interview, field observation and secondary sources. The nature and extent of human wildlife conflict in the study area were profoundly impacted humans, wild animal and the environment through crop damage, habitat disturbance and destruction, livestock predation, and killing of wildlife and human. The major causes of conflict manifested that agricultural expansion (30%), human settlement (24%), overgrazing by livestock (14%), deforestation (18%), illegal grass collection (10%) and poaching (4%). To defend crop raider, farmers have been practiced crop guarding (34%), live fencing (26%), scarecrow (22%), chasing (14%), and smoking (5%). However, fencing (38%), chasing (30%), scarecrow (24%) and guarding (8%) were controlling techniques to defend livestock predator animals. As emphasized in this study, human–wildlife conflicts are negative impacts on both human and wildlife. Accordingly, possible mitigate possibilities for peaceful co-existence between human and wildlife should be create awareness and training to the local communities, identifying clear border between the closure area and the land owned by the residents, formulate rules and regulation for performed local communities, equal benefit sharing of the local communities and reduction of human settlement encroachment into the national park range. Generally, researcher recommended that stakeholders and concerned bodies should be creating awareness to local community for the use of wildlife and human–wildlife conflict mitigation strategies.

scholarly journals Analysis of Human-Wildlife Conflict in Buffer Zone Area: A Case Study of Shuklaphanta National Park, Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 28-45
Author(s):  
Maheshwari Bhatta ◽  
Rajeev Joshi
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Group Discussion ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Livestock Depredation ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This article is based on a study carried out in buffer zone of Shuklaphanta National Park (SNP), which lies in Kanchanpur district of Nepal. It is aimed to assess nature and extent of crop damages, livestock depredation and human casualties, and to identify local people's attitude towards wildlife conservation and management. Primary data was collected through preliminary field visit, questionnaire survey of households, key informant interviews, focus group discussion and direct field observation. Paddy was major crop damaged by wild animals, followed by wheat and maize. Wild boar followed by elephant and deer were found as the most problematic animals causing crop damage, while common leopard was found as the major culprit for livestock depredation. The proximity to the national park was found determining factor to the extent of damage caused by the wild animals. People’s attitude towards wildlife conservation was found to be positive; however, more than 85% of respondents showed dissatisfaction towards park authorities’ effort for conflict management. Active participation of local people in conservation and awareness program can play a vital role to reduce and mitigate the human wildlife conflict at community level.

scholarly journals Evaluating the efficacy of flashing lights in deterring livestock attacks by predators: a case study of Meibae Community Conservancy, Northern Kenya

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane Wanjira ◽  
Titus C. Ndiwa ◽  
Nathan Gichuki ◽  
Mary Wykstra
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Habitat ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Limited Resources ◽  
Large Carnivores ◽  
Northern Kenya ◽  
Carnivore Species ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Number Of Visits ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Pastoralists living in the arid and semi-arid areas of Africa have for centuries coexisted with wildlife. They frequently share the same environmental resources with wildlife, are exposed to common risks including disease and drought, and in some cases, and are antagonistic to one another, particularly when competing for limited resources. In recent years, negative interactions between wildlife and humans have increased due to the decline of wildlife habitat, which has led to greater conflict. In the Meibae Community Conservancy, there has been a concern in recent years over increased human-wildlife conflict. Retaliatory killings raised concerns for the conservation of carnivore species. This study evaluated the effectiveness of non-lethal mitigation measures, in particular the use of predator deterrent lights, in reducing night attacks on livestock by large carnivores in Meibae Community Conservancy. The study assessed the effectiveness of the technique by determining the number of predator visits using tracks and sightings both at homesteads fitted with light units, and those without deterrents. The findings indicate that homesteads fitted with flashing deterrent lights recorded a lower number of visits by predators (2.4 visits/homestead) compared to those without lights (3.4 visits/homestead). Despite finding no significant difference (p>0.05) in the number of visits for homesteads with lights and those without lights, this study concluded that flashing deterrent lights have the potential in reducing cases of successful livestock attacks at bomas even though predators remained inquisitive. Flashing lights can contribute to the conservation of large carnivores by reducing conflicts between predators and livestock owners.

scholarly journals Silent Conflicts – Human-wildlife interactions in urban spaces

2017 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gurudas Nulkar
Keyword(s):  
The Other ◽  
Urban Spaces ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Research Papers ◽  
Human Actions ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Conceptual Paper ◽  
Media Reports ◽  
Violent Conflicts ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

This is a conceptual paper which analyses incidents of human-wildlife conflicts occurring in urban spaces. To assist in the choice of mitigation measures, the author proposes a categorization for the urban conflicts. The discussions and categorization are based on study of research papers, media reports, discussions with citizen and wildlife experts and the author’s own observations during the last 20 years of living in Pune city.The author proposes two categories of human-wildlife conflict. The first are ‘violent conflicts’ which are intended to prevent or remedy an animal intrusion. Such conflicts occur with animals such as leopards, snakes and monkeys which intrude into urban spaces. Violent conflicts are reported by media and studied by the research communities. The other category proposed is ‘silent conflicts’. These are conflicts arising inadvertently out of human actions, and with no intention to harm animals. Such conflicts go unnoticed and often happen due to ignorance of the possible aftermath.The author proposes different mitigation approaches to each of the categories, including the skills required in their implementation.

scholarly journals IMPACT OF HUMAN-WILDLIFE CONFLICT IN THE SURROUNDING VILLAGES OF OLD OYO NATIONAL PARK

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-39
Author(s):  
A. L. A. SHOTUYO ◽  
O. A. AKINTUNDE ◽  
F. G LANLEHIN
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Average Distance ◽  
Buffer Zone ◽  
Descriptive Statistics ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Wildlife Populations ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Fire Wood

The study assesses the impacts of Human-Wildlife conflicts in the surrounding villages in Old Oyo National Park (OONP), Nigeria. Two ranges out of the five ranges were used. Four villages were selected based on the distribution of primates and wildlife populations with each range producing two villages around Old Oyo National Park, were randomly selected for wildlife assessment. A total of 80 well-structured questionnaires were administered to the villagers with each getting 20 questionnaires respectively.  Data collected were subjected to inferential and descriptive statistics. Result shows that among other socio demographic characteristics tested against the impact of Human –wildlife conflict in the park, educational level and religion show significant difference (p<0.05). the buffer zone around the park has been extensively encroached; this made most of the surrounding villages to the park fall within the average distance of 2.6km. about 79% of the villages make use of fire wood for their household cooking. Major animals that intrude farmlands in the study areas include monkey (24%), Grasscutter (11%), Cattle (19%), Gorilla (12%), Antelope (6%), Cane rat (5%) and Rabbit (3%). Some of the crops attacked by the wildlife animals include; tubers (24%), tubers and vegetable (7%), tubers and fruits (36%), tubers, vegetable and fruits (3%), vegetable (7%), fruits (3%). All the respondents (100%) rated the level of attack and damages to their crops as high.  

scholarly journals Assessment Of Human-Wildlife Conflict And Its Implication For Conservation at sundarpur, Udayapur, Eastern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 33 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-30
Author(s):  
Chandramani Aryal ◽  
Manoj Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
Household Surveys ◽  
Crop Raiding ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Key Informant ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
Sloth Bear ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Direct Observation Method

This study was carried out to document the prevailing situation of human-wildlife conflict in Sundarpur of Udayapur district, Nepal where significant numbers of sloth bear along with other troublesome wildlife species occur. Data about conflict and people's perception towards wildlife conservation was collected using household surveys supplemented by key informant interviews and direct observation method. Monkeys (93%) and elephants (86%) were found to be major animals involved in conflict mostly resulting into crop raiding, which was the major form of conflict as reported by (95%) of respondents. Livestock depredation cases were mostly by common leopard (84%) and sloth bear was involved in majority of human attack cases (90%). According to respondents, the trend of conflict was found to be increasing for elephants (63%) and monkeys (73%) while it was found to be decreasing for sloth bear (64%), wild boar (85%), and leopard (46%), where people believed natural attraction of wildlife towards crops/livestock to be the major driving factor of conflict. Despite the prevalence of conflict most of the respondents showed positive attitude towards wildlife conservation in Sundarpur. This implies a better future for wildlife conservation in this area if the issues associated with human-wildlife conflict are addressed effectively.

scholarly journals Human elephant conflict management and issues in Nepalese context: A Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 69-74
Author(s):  
Sandesh Neupane ◽  
Man Kumar Dhamala ◽  
Prakash Chandra Aryal
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Conflict Management ◽  
Mitigation Measures ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Land Use Management ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Wildlife Conflict ◽  
Online Sources ◽  
Human Wildlife Conflict

Human Elephant Conflict has been an important conservation issue since decades in Africa and Asia. A comparative analysis was performed to identify the methods of the Human Wildlife Conflict management in African and Asian countries. Different studies from 1999 to 2018 in African and Asian Nations related to Human Elephant Conflict were obtained from reliable online sources such as published articles, policies and reports relevant to Nepalese context were synthesized. The different methods used in Human Elephant Conflict management in both continents were broadly classified into fifteen different categories and their effectiveness was compared based on economic viability, safety for elephants and humans while adopting the mitigation measures and the control of the Human Elephant Conflict after adoption of the measure. Land-use management is proposed in Nepalese context to reduce the Human Elephant Conflict centered on different social, financial and environmental conditions.

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