scholarly journals Impact of ICT on Environment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samaneh Mahdavi ◽  
Sakineh Sojoodi
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Environmental Damage ◽  
Particulate Emissions ◽  
Improve Energy Efficiency ◽  
Ict Development ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of information and communications technologies (ICT) on the environment is a complex highly-debated subject. Indeed, ICT can have both positive and negative impacts on the environment. While ICT tools and devices can be used to improve energy efficiency, which results in reduced CO2 emissions and environmental degradation, the manufacturing and use of ICT devices can become a major source of emission. Also, many ICT devices contain non-renewable and non-recyclable components that can cause significant environmental damage. Therefore, one may question that whether ICT improves environmental quality in countries with different income levels? To answer this question, this study investigated the environmental impacts of ICT in three groups of high, middle, and low-income countries from 2005 to 2019 using the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM). The ICT Development Index (IDI) was used as the measure of ICT development. Empirical results showed that the use of ICT led to reduced total CO2 emissions, CO2 emissions from solid fuel consumption, CO2 emissions damage, particulate emissions damage, and energy consumption in the studied countries. Therefore, ICT was found to have a generally negative (favorable) impact on environmental degradation in these countries. Considering this effect of ICT on environmental degradation and pollution, governments are recommended to pursue their energy consumption and emission objectives by promoting the use of ICT in the environmental sector and the implementation of green ICT projects.

scholarly journals On the determinants of trade openness in low- and lower–middle-income countries in Africa: how important is economic growth?

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dennis Boahene Osei ◽  
Yakubu Awudu Sare ◽  
Muazu Ibrahim
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Trade Openness ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Real Gdp Per Capita ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe existing literature highlights the determinants of trade openness with disregard to the income classifications of countries in examining whether the determinants differ given their income levels. This study, therefore, re-examines the drivers of trade openness in Africa relying on panel data with special focus on the role of economic growth. More specifically, we perform a comparative analysis of the factors influencing trade openness for low-income and lower–middle-income countries using the system generalized method of moments. Our findings suggest that, while economic growth robustly enhances openness in low-income countries, in the case of lower–middle-income countries, the impact is not robust and largely negative suggesting that higher growth is associated with less openness. We also find that, economic growth–openness nexus for the lower-income countries exhibits non-linearities and inverted U-shaped relationship in particular. Thus, while increases in real GDP per capita enhance openness, beyond an estimated threshold point, any increases in economic growth dampen openness. We discuss key implications for policy.

scholarly journals Energy Consumption, Environmental Degradation and Growth: A Panel Data Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Sayed Kushairi Sayed Nordin ◽  
Siok Kun Sek
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Cointegration Test ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Short Run ◽  
The Relationship

Energy is essential as an input to develop economic, although it could bring negative effect on environmental quality. The relationship between energy consumption, environmental degradation and economic growth have been widely studied, but there is no consistency in the relationship. The objectives of this study are to determine the short-run relationship (one-way or bidirectional) and to reveal the long-run relationship for each pair of variables. The second-generation panel unit root and cointegration test were used in the analysis. Breusch-Pagan LM test suggests that there is a cross-sectional dependency for all the models and integrated of order one, I (1). Cointegration test indicates that economic growth has long-relationship with carbon dioxide and energy consumption in high-income countries. In low-income countries, carbon dioxide has a long-run relationship with energy consumption and economic growth. In the short run, we have evidence of a bidirectional relationship between energy consumption and economic growth in high-income countries but a one-way relationship in low-income countries. Overall, it can be concluded that the three variables are related. This study develops a deeper awareness and understanding of the relationship between the variables in distinct levels of economies. Keywords: energy consumption; CO2, economic growth

Impacts of ecosystem vitality on ASEAN’s agricultural exports: A System Generalized Method of Moments approach

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 335-351
Author(s):  
Nguyen Khanh Doanh ◽  
Nguyen Ngoc Quynh ◽  
Yoon Heo
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Generalized Method Of Moments ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
High Income ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Potent Effect ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Asean Countries ◽  
The Impact

This study examined the impact of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)’s ecosystem vitality (EV) on its agricultural exports to the rest of the world. Using a sample of the six major ASEAN countries (ASEAN-6) (including Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam) and their 72 trading partners for the period 2007–2016, we found robust evidence of a positive relationship between the quality of EV and the volume of agricultural exports. At the sectoral level, the quality of EV had the most substantial effects on the ASEAN’s exports of SITC-0 (food and live animals) and exerted the least impact on the ASEAN’s exports of SITC-2 (crude materials, inedible, except fuels). This empirical evidence implies that natural resource-intensive products are more sensitive to the quality of EV. At the country level, EV has the most potent effect on the ASEAN’s agricultural exports to high-income countries and the least impact on the ASEAN’s agricultural exports to low-income countries. To promote agricultural exports, especially to high-income countries, our empirical results suggest that ASEAN countries need to build specific and effective plans for conservation of environment and management of sustainable ecosystems. JEL Classification: C33, F14, and Q56

scholarly journals Does Economic Growth Reduce Pollution? Empirical Evidence from Low Income Countries

2019 ◽  
Vol 125 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Mohammad Rofiuddin ◽  
Siti Aisyah ◽  
Desy Nur Pratiwi ◽  
Arna Asna Annisa ◽  
Rosana Eri Puspita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Environmental Pollution ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Fixed Effect Model ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Kuznets Curve ◽  
Ekc Hypothesis ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

The issue of environmental degradation has long been associated as a residue of the economic development process, especially in low income countries. Development activities have to continue nevertheless, because people's welfare is the goal. This study aims to find the impact of economic growth, population and energy consumption to environmental pollution. Another purpose is to prove the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The methods utilized is panel data regression with fixed effect model using Drisscol-Kraay estimator. The result of the study indicates that increased per capita GDP and population leads to environmental pollution in low income countries, while energy consumption has no significant effect. The result also confirmed the EKC hypothesis in low income countries.

scholarly journals African Studies Keyword: Oil

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 458-483
Author(s):  
John R. Heilbrunn
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Causal Agent ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
African Studies ◽  
Local Content ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Key Concepts ◽  
Oil Curse

AbstractOil is a metonym for terms in books and articles in diverse disciplines in African studies. Some portray oil as a causal agent that thrusts formerly low-income countries into the highly competitive neoliberal global economy. Others present it according to the oil curse/blessing binary. As a curse, petroleum causes dysfunctional and costly behavior. But increased revenues from oil just as certainly result in concrete improvements demonstrating a resource blessing. Heilbrunn uses case materials to explore environmental degradation, oil theft, community-company relations, post-conflict reconstruction, local content in contracts, and corruption. These key concepts form a basis for the keyword/concept essay on oil in Africa.

scholarly journals The Clean pilot study: evaluation of an environmental hygiene intervention bundle in three Tanzanian hospitals

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Giorgia Gon ◽  
Abdunoor M. Kabanywanyi ◽  
Petri Blinkhoff ◽  
Simon Cousens ◽  
Stephanie J. Dancer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Study Design ◽  
Low Income ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Surface Cleaning ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Environmental Hygiene ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Healthcare associated infections (HAI) are estimated to affect up to 15% of hospital inpatients in low-income countries (LICs). A critical but often neglected aspect of HAI prevention is basic environmental hygiene, particularly surface cleaning and linen management. TEACH CLEAN is an educational intervention aimed at improving environmental hygiene. We evaluated the effectiveness of this intervention in a pilot study in three high-volume maternity and newborn units in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Methods This study design prospectively evaluated the intervention as a whole, and offered a before-and-after comparison of the impact of the main training. We measured changes in microbiological cleanliness [Aerobic Colony Counts (ACC) and presence of Staphylococcus aureus] using dipslides, and physical cleaning action using gel dots. These were analysed with descriptive statistics and logistic regression models. We used qualitative (focus group discussions, in-depth interviews, and semi-structured observation) and quantitative (observation checklist) tools to measure why and how the intervention worked. We describe these findings across the themes of adaptation, fidelity, dose, reach and context. Results Microbiological cleanliness improved during the study period (ACC pre-training: 19%; post-training: 41%). The odds of cleanliness increased on average by 1.33 weekly during the pre-training period (CI = 1.11–1.60), and by 1.08 (CI = 1.03–1.13) during the post-training period. Cleaning action improved only in the pre-training period. Detection of S. aureus on hospital surfaces did not change substantially. The intervention was well received and considered feasible in this context. The major pitfalls in the implementation were the limited number of training sessions at the hospital level and the lack of supportive supervision. A systems barrier to implementation was lack of regular cleaning supplies. Conclusions The evaluation suggests that improvements in microbiological cleanliness are possible using this intervention and can be sustained. Improved microbiological cleanliness is a key step on the pathway to infection prevention in hospitals. Future research should assess whether this bundle is cost-effective in reducing bacterial and viral transmission and infection using a rigorous study design.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in children treated with immunosuppressive medication for kidney diseases

2020 ◽  
pp. archdischild-2020-320616
Author(s):  
Matko Marlais ◽  
Tanja Wlodkowski ◽  
Samhar Al-Akash ◽  
Petr Ananin ◽  
Varun Kumar Bandi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Immunosuppressive Therapy ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Reference Network ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medication ◽  
Immunosuppressive Medications ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundChildren are recognised as at lower risk of severe COVID-19 compared with adults, but the impact of immunosuppression is yet to be determined. This study aims to describe the clinical course of COVID-19 in children with kidney disease taking immunosuppressive medication and to assess disease severity.MethodsCross-sectional study hosted by the European Rare Kidney Disease Reference Network and supported by the European, Asian and International paediatric nephrology societies. Anonymised data were submitted online for any child (age <20 years) with COVID-19 taking immunosuppressive medication for a kidney condition. Study recruited for 16 weeks from 15 March 2020 to 05 July 2020. The primary outcome was severity of COVID-19.Results113 children were reported in this study from 30 different countries. Median age: 13 years (49% male). Main underlying reasons for immunosuppressive therapy: kidney transplant (47%), nephrotic syndrome (27%), systemic lupus erythematosus (10%). Immunosuppressive medications used include: glucocorticoids (76%), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (54%), tacrolimus/ciclosporine A (58%), rituximab/ofatumumab (11%). 78% required no respiratory support during COVID-19 illness, 5% required bi-level positive airway pressure or ventilation. Four children died; all deaths reported were from low-income countries with associated comorbidities. There was no significant difference in severity of COVID-19 based on gender, dialysis status, underlying kidney condition, and type or number of immunosuppressive medications.ConclusionsThis global study shows most children with a kidney disease taking immunosuppressive medication have mild disease with SARS-CoV-2 infection. We therefore suggest that children on immunosuppressive therapy should not be more strictly isolated than children who are not on immunosuppressive therapy.

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