scholarly journals Magnetic Activated Cell-Sorting Identifies a Unique Lung Microbiome Community Associated with Disease States

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Dunlap ◽  
Libing Yang ◽  
Shulin Qin ◽  
Kelvin Li ◽  
Adam Fitch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bronchoalveolar Lavage ◽  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Abstract Background: The advent of culture-independent, next-generation DNA sequencing has led to discovery of distinct lung bacterial communities. Studies of lung microbiome taxonomy often reveal only subtle differences between health and disease, but microbial host response may distinguish members of similar communities in different populations. Magnetic-activated cell sorting has been applied to the gut microbiome to identify numbers and types of bacteria eliciting a humoral response. We adapted this technique to examine populations of immunoglobulin-bound bacteria and investigate the lung microbiota in Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) as a representative disease.Methods: 42 people living with HIV and 22 HIV-uninfected individuals underwent bronchoalveolar lavage. We separated immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria using magnetic-activated cell sorting and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We analyzed microbial sequencing data and quantified cytokines and bacterial rRNA copy numbers from bronchoalveolar lavage. Results: Immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria were detectable in the healthy lung microbiota. Comparison of raw bronchoalveolar lavage by HIV status showed no significant taxonomic differences, but the immunoglobulin-bound lung microbiota differed by HIV status with greater abundance of Pseudomonas in people living with HIV. Lung cytokine levels were also higher in people living with HIV, which correlated with increased quantity of immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria. Conclusions: We report a novel application of magnetic-activated cell sorting to identify immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria in the lung. This technique identified distinct bacterial communities which differed in composition from raw bronchoalveolar lavage, revealing differences in health and disease not detected by traditional analyses. Cytokine response was also associated with differential immunoglobulin binding of lung bacteria, suggesting functional importance of these communities.

scholarly journals Magnetic activated cell-sorting identifies a unique lung microbiome community associated with disease states

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel G Dunlap ◽  
Libing Yang ◽  
Shulin Qin ◽  
John Ries ◽  
Kelvin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immunoglobulin G ◽  
Cell Sorting ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Illumina Miseq ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Lung Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Magnetic Activated Cell Sorting

Rationale: The advent of culture-independent, next-generation DNA sequencing has led to discovery of distinct lung bacterial communities. Studies of lung microbiome taxonomy often reveal only subtle differences between health and disease, but microbial host response may distinguish members of similar communities in different populations. Objectives: Magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) has been applied to the gut microbiome to identify numbers and types of bacteria eliciting a humoral response. We adapted this technique to examine populations of immunoglobulin-bound bacteria and investigate the lung microbiota in HIV as a representative disease. Methods: 42 people living with HIV (PLWH) and 22 HIV-uninfected individuals underwent bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL). We separated immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria using MACS and sequenced the 16S rRNA gene on the Illumina MiSeq platform. We analyzed sequences and quantified BAL cytokines and bacterial rRNA copy numbers. Results: Immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria were detectable in the healthy lung microbiota. Comparison of raw BAL by HIV status showed no significant taxonomic differences, but the immunoglobulin-bound lung microbiota differed by HIV status with greater abundance of Pseudomonas in PLWH. BAL cytokine levels were also higher in PLWH, which correlated with increased quantity of immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria. Conclusions: We report a novel application of magnetic-activated cell sorting to identify immunoglobulin G-bound bacteria in the lung. This technique identified distinct bacterial communities which differed in composition from raw BAL, revealing differences in health and disease not detected by traditional analyses. Cytokine response was also associated with differential immunoglobulin binding of lung bacteria, suggesting functional importance of these communities.

scholarly journals The Lived Experiences of Stigmatization in the Process of HIV Status Disclosure among People Living with HIV in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5089
Author(s):  
Chia-Hui Yu ◽  
Chu-Yu Huang ◽  
Nai-Ying Ko ◽  
Heng-Hsin Tung ◽  
Hui-Man Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lived Experiences ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Hiv Status Disclosure ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Status Disclosure

People living with HIV (PLWH) face social stigma which makes disclosure of HIV status difficult. The purpose of this descriptive qualitative study was to understand the lived experiences of stigmatization in the process of disease disclosure among PLWH in Taiwan. Analysis of the semi-structured interviews from 19 PLWH in Taiwan revealed two phases and six themes. Phase one “experiences before disclosure” involved three themes: “Struggles under the pressure of concealing the HIV Status,” “Torn between fear of unemployment/isolation and desire to protect closed ones,” and “Being forced to disclose the HIV status.” Phase two “experiences after disclosure” included three themes: “Receiving special considerations and requirements from school or work,” “Receiving differential treatments in life and when seeking medical care,” and “Stress relief and restart.” Healthcare professionals need to assess stigmatization in PLWH and develop individualized approaches to assist with the disease disclosure process.

scholarly journals Exploring the Factors Considered by People Living with HIV and Their Partners during Preconception

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-246 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Logan Kennedy ◽  
Micaela Collins ◽  
Mark H. Yudin ◽  
Lena Serghides ◽  
Sharon Walmsley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Hiv Transmission ◽  
Horizontal Transmission ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Ordered Logit Model ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Shed Light ◽  
Hiv Negative

Data are lacking on factors that may impact conception-related decision-making among individuals living with HIV. This study’s aim was to shed light on these considerations. Participants were invited to complete a survey on preconception considerations. A rank-ordered logit model was fit to estimate the relative importance of listed consideration factors; the interaction of HIV status and the factors was assessed. Fifty-nine participants living with HIV and 18 partners (11 HIV-negative participants and 7 living with HIV) were included. Risk of vertical and horizontal HIV transmission and the effect of antiretroviral therapy on the fetus were the top considerations. However, individuals living with HIV prioritized vertical transmission, whereas HIV-negative participants prioritized horizontal transmission. Other factors of importance were probability of conception, stress of trying to conceive, cost associated with fertility clinics, and stigma associated with certain conception methods. This study builds our understanding of the preconception considerations for people living with HIV.

scholarly journals HIV/AIDS in childhood – a special case

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-64
Author(s):  
Mioriţa Toader ◽  
◽  
Daniela Neacşu ◽  
Alina Oprea ◽  
Andreea Şerbănică ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Support Groups ◽  
Western Europe ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Children And Families ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Pediatric Pathology ◽  
Aids Epidemic ◽  
Poor Access ◽  
The Us ◽  
Living With Hiv

HIV pediatric pathology is currently facing a large number of specialists such as neonatologists, pediatricians, family physicians, oncologists, otorhinolaryngologists, pharmacists, pediatric infectious disease, etc. The involvement of epidemiologists, nurses, social workers, sociologists, support groups together not by politicians is imperative, essential for the diagnosis, management and prevention of HIV infection require focusing on mothers of children and families within dysfunctions social and poverty. Social problems that a child infected with HIV face are almost always overwhelming: drug abuse, discrimination against minority people living with HIV, poverty, poor access to adequate medical services, family breaking when the HIV status of a family member is learned by and other domestic violence, are important to consider. Countries like Romania must learn what is good and what is bad about the AIDS epidemic in the US and Western Europe not to repeat their mistakes and at the same time to rediscover principles generally available today.

scholarly journals An Integrated Approach to HIV Disclosure for HIV-Affected Families in Thailand

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821983102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jureeporn Jantarapakde ◽  
Chitsanu Pancharoen ◽  
Somsong Teeratakulpisarn ◽  
Pornpen Mathajittiphan ◽  
Rosalin Kriengsinyot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationship ◽  
Integrated Approach ◽  
Hiv Disclosure ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Knowledge ◽  
Group Education ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Programs ◽  
The Impact

Disclosure of HIV status to family members could improve communication, relationship, and cohesion. We evaluated the impact of a family-centered program designed to increase the readiness/willingness of parents to disclose HIV status to their children. People living with HIV (PLWH) with children ≥8 years were surveyed regarding HIV knowledge, family relationship, attitudes, willingness/readiness to disclose, and they were then invited to participate in group education and family camps. Of 367 PLWH surveyed, 0.8% had disclosed, 14.7% had not yet disclosed but were willing/ready to disclose, 50.4% were willing but not ready, and 33.2% did not wish to disclose. The educational sessions and camps led to significant improvements of HIV knowledge and disclosure techniques, and readiness/willingness to disclose. Given the benefits of group education and family camps in supporting PLWH to improve their communication with their families and disclose their HIV status, these supporting activities should be included in HIV programs.

scholarly journals Understanding Engagement in HIV Programmes: How Health Services Can Adapt to Ensure No One Is Left Behind

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (5) ◽  
pp. 458-466
Author(s):  
Anna Grimsrud ◽  
Lynne Wilkinson ◽  
Ingrid Eshun-Wilson ◽  
Charles Holmes ◽  
Izukanji Sikazwe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Care ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Patient Choice ◽  
Hiv Care ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Engagement In Care ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Hiv Care Cascade ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Living With Hiv

Abstract Purpose of Review Despite the significant progress in the HIV response, gaps remain in ensuring engagement in care to support life-long medication adherence and viral suppression. This review sought to describe the different points in the HIV care cascade where people living with HIV were not engaging and highlight promising interventions. Recent Findings There are opportunities to improve engagement both between testing and treatment and to support re-engagement in care for those in a treatment interruption. The gap between testing and treatment includes people who know their HIV status and people who do not know their status. People in a treatment interruption include those who interrupt immediately following initiation, early on in their treatment (first 6 months) and late (after 6 months or more on ART). For each of these groups, specific interventions are required to support improved engagement. Summary There are diverse needs and specific populations of people living with HIV who are not engaged in care, and differentiated service delivery interventions are required to meet their needs and expectations. For the HIV response to realise the 2030 targets, engagement will need to be supported by quality care and patient choice combined with empowered patients who are treatment literate and have been supported to improve self-management.

Knowledge of HIV status, sexual risk behaviors and contraceptive need among people living with HIV in Kenya and Malawi

AIDS ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1565-1573 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhijeet Anand ◽  
Ray W Shiraishi ◽  
Rebecca E Bunnell ◽  
Krista Jacobs ◽  
Nadia Solehdin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Risk ◽  
Risk Behaviors ◽  
Sexual Risk Behaviors ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals: Central Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kefyalew Dagne Gizachew ◽  
Yigrem Ali Chekol ◽  
Elyas Admasu Basha ◽  
Shiferaw Abeway Mamuye ◽  
Abate Dargie Wubetu
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Suicidal Behavior ◽  
Severe Depression ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
Monthly Income ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Aids

Abstract Background Suicide is the act of intentionally causing one's own death. HIV/AIDS continues to be associated with an under-recognized risk for suicidal behavior. Suicidal behavior among people living with HIV/AIDS is not only a predictor of future attempted suicide and completed suicide, but it is also associated with poor quality of life and poor adherence with antiretroviral therapy. Objective The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of suicidal ideation and attempt and associated factors among people living with HIV/AIDS in selected public hospitals of Amhara region, central Ethiopia. Methods Institutional based cross-sectional study design was employed. The study was conducted in four public hospitals in North Shewa Zone from May to December 2017. Study population comprised all HIV-infected individuals from Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) clinic. A total of 348 study subjects were recruited using systematic random sampling and 326 completed the interview. Suicidality module from Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI) was modified to assess suicidal behavior. Crude and adjusted OR was analyzed using logistic regression and the level of significance of association was determined at P value < 0.05. Result A total of 326 (93.7%) study subjects were interviewed. The magnitude of suicidal ideation and attempt was found to be 16% and 7.1%, respectively. Low monthly income, living alone, suicidal thought before knowing seropositive status, family history of suicide, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes in the last 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and ever use of khat (a psychoactive substance) was statistically significant associated factor with suicidal ideation. And low monthly income, experiencing mild and moderate-to-severe depression and anxiety symptoms, being gossiped sometimes and often in the previous 12 months of the study period due to HIV status and using alcohol currently were significantly associated factors with suicidal attempt. Conclusion Suicidal ideation and attempt among people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in this study were higher than prevalence in the general population. This shows suicidal ideation and attempt is a mental health concern of PLWHA and it needs great attention in Ethiopia.

scholarly journals Pain in clients attending a South African voluntary counselling and testing centre was frequent and extensive but did not depend on HIV status

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonia L Wadley ◽  
Erica Lazarus ◽  
Glenda E Gray ◽  
Duncan Mitchell ◽  
Peter R Kamerman
Keyword(s):  
South African ◽  
Univariate Analysis ◽  
People Living With Hiv ◽  
Hiv Status ◽  
South Africans ◽  
Voluntary Counselling ◽  
Hopkins Symptom Checklist ◽  
Voluntary Testing ◽  
Living With Hiv ◽  
Voluntary Counselling And Testing

AbstractBackgroundThe frequency of pain is reported to be high in people living with HIV (PLWH), but valid comparisons between PLWH and HIV-negative cohorts are rare. We investigated whether HIV infection influenced frequency and characteristics of pain in adults undergoing voluntary testing for HIV.MethodsParticipants were recruited from a HIV voluntary counselling and testing (VCT) centre at the Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Soweto, South Africa. Pain was assessed using the Wisconsin Brief Pain Questionnaire. Depressive and anxiety symptomatology was determined using the Hopkins Symptom checklist-25. We then stratified by HIV status.ResultsData from 535 black South Africans were analysed: HIV-infected n=70, HIV uninfected n=465. Overall, frequency of pain was high with 59% (95%CI: 55; 63, n: 316/535) of participants reporting pain, with no difference related to HIV status: HIV-infected 50% (95% CI: 37; 61, n: 35/70), HIV-uninfected 60% (95%CI: 56; 65, n: 281/465). Pain intensity and number of pain sites were similar between the groups as were symptoms of anxiety and depression: mean HSCL-25 1.72 (95% CI 1.57; 1.87) HIV-infected participants and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.63; 1.73) HIV-uninfected participants. Univariate analysis showed female sex and greater depressive and anxiety symptomatology associated with having pain. In a conservative multivariable model, only depressive and anxiety symptomatology was retained in the model.ConclusionThe high frequency of pain found in both HIV infected and uninfected individuals presenting at a VCT centre was more likely to be associated with depression and anxiety, than with the presence or absence of HIV.

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