Valorization of Seaweed: Using Brown Algae Waste in Papermaking

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Moral ◽  
Roberto Aguado ◽  
Jose Amaya ◽  
Antonio Tijero ◽  
Menta Ballesteros
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Brown Seaweed ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Lipophilic Compounds ◽  
Dictyota Dichotoma ◽  
Reinforcing Material ◽  
Loss Of Strength

Abstract In this work, the brown alga Dictyota dichotoma was explored as a new reinforcing material for papermaking. Performing the typical chemical tests for cellulosic substrates on D. dichotoma evidenced large amounts of ethanol:benzene extractable substances (7.2%) and ashes, algae-specific results. Also, even if lipophilic compounds are removed, brown seaweed are not a primary source of fibers because it contains low proportion of cellulose. However, its elevated content of insoluble carbohydrates (51.4%) suggest there is some potential in association with conventional cellulosic pulps, as fibrous elements contribute to sheet forming and other components fill the spaces in the paper web without noteworthy loss of strength. Extraction was carried out with clean processes: hydrogen peroxide and mixtures (hydrogen peroxide-hydrochloric acid and hydrogen peroxide-sodium perborate), sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite, always aiming for low reagent concentrations, in the range of 1-12%. The results show that sodium hydroxide and sodium hypochlorite were the treatments that lead to paper sheets with better structural and mechanical properties without further bleaching or refining, thus highlighting the suitability of these algae for papermaking applications.

The fate of aflatoxin in naturally contaminated corn during the ethanol fermentation

1979 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 911-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. B. Lillehoj ◽  
A. Lagoda ◽  
W. F. Maisch
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Ethanol Fermentation ◽  
Potential Problem ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Ammonium Hydroxide ◽  
Spent Grains ◽  
Toxin Degradation

Corn naturally contaminated with aflatoxin was used as a substrate in the ethanol fermentation. Distribution of toxin in several process and recovery fractions was identified. Although little degradation of the mycotoxin occurred during fermentation, no toxin appeared in the distilled alcohol. As accumulation of toxin in spent grains represents a potential problem in use of the material as animal feed, several decontamination procedures were tested. Sodium hydroxide, ammonium hydroxide, sodium hypochlorite, and hydrogen peroxide were identified as efficient agents of toxin degradation.

scholarly journals Preservatives and neutralizing substances in milk: analytical sensitivity of official specific and nonspecific tests, microbial inhibition effect, and residue persistence in milk

2015 ◽  
Vol 45 (9) ◽  
pp. 1613-1618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livia Cavaletti Corrêa da Silva ◽  
Ronaldo Tamanini ◽  
Juliana Ramos Pereira ◽  
Edson Antônio Rios ◽  
José Carlos Ribeiro Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Analytical Sensitivity ◽  
Detection Capability ◽  
Microbial Inhibition ◽  
Milk Adulteration ◽  
Microbial Growth Inhibition

<p>Milk fraud has been a recurring problem in Brazil; thus, it is important to know the effect of most frequently used preservatives and neutralizing substances as well as the detection capability of official tests. The objective of this study was to evaluate the analytical sensitivity of legislation-described tests and nonspecific microbial inhibition tests, and to investigate the effect of such substances on microbial growth inhibition and the persistence of detectable residues after 24/48h of refrigeration. Batches of raw milk, free from any contaminant, were divided into aliquots and mixed with different concentrations of formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, sodium hypochlorite, chlorine, chlorinated alkaline detergent, or sodium hydroxide. The analytical sensitivity of the official tests was 0.005%, 0.003%, and 0.013% for formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, and hypochlorite, respectively. Chlorine and chlorinated alkaline detergent were not detected by regulatory tests. In the tests for neutralizing substances, sodium hydroxide could not be detected when acidity was accurately neutralized. The yogurt culture test gave results similar to those obtained by official tests for the detection of specific substances. Concentrations of 0.05% of formaldehyde, 0.003% of hydrogen peroxide and 0.013% of sodium hypochlorite significantly reduced (P<0.05) the microbial counts in milk after 24 and 48h refrigeration. Formaldehyde and sodium hypochlorite remained detectable in milk after 48 and 24h of refrigeration, respectively; while hydrogen peroxide could not be detected after 24h. Official tests for the detection of milk fraud by the addition of preservatives and neutralizing substances present limitations and may be ineffective in detecting milk adulteration</p>

scholarly journals Oxidation of Cellulose from Oil Palm Empty Fruit Bunch Using Hydrogen Peroxide in Alkaline Condition

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (02) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isroi Isroi ◽  
Adi Cifriadi
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Visual Analysis ◽  
Alkaline Condition ◽  
Cellulose Content ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Cellulose Oxidation ◽  
Oxidation Effect

There are growing interest to use cellulose as renewable material in order to replace non-renewable polymeric materials. Alteration and chemical modifications of the cellulose by oxidation is needed to improve its properties and functionality. The aim of this study was to evaluate oxidation effect of the cellulose from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB) using hydrogen peroxide in alkaline condition. Cellulose has been isolated and purified by sodium hydroxide method followed by sodium hypochlorite bleaching. The oxidation effect of the cellulose by hydrogen peroxide was investigated by component analysis of the lignocelluloses, visual analysis, physical and chemical properties. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy was employed to evaluate the changes of functional groups. Digesting of the OPEFB by sodium hydroxide at temperature 160oC for 4 hours reduced lignin content from 22.58% to 16.60%, increase cellulose and hemicelluloses content from 60.76% to 73.87% and 25.86% to 30.95%, respectively. Treatment of the OPEFB pulp using sodium hypochlorite removed all residual lignin. Cellulose content was increased up to 90.86%. Degree of polymerization of the oxidized cellulose was reduced from 1997 to 658. Carboxyl groups of celluloses was significantly increased and confirmed by titration analysis. OPEFB cellulose fiber was damage and broken, meanwhile crystallinity of the cellulose was reduced.Keywords: cellulose, oxidation, oil palm empty fruit bunch, carboxyl group, crystallinity, physical properties Oksidasi Selulosa dari Tandan Kosong Kelapa Sawit menggunakan Hidrogen Peroksida dalam Kondisi BasaAbstrakPerhatian untuk memanfaatkan selulosa sebagai polimer terbarukan untuk menggantikan polimer tidak terbarukan mengalami peningkatan. Perubahan dan modifikasi kimia selulosa melalui proses oksidasi diperlukan untuk meningkatkan sifat dan fungsi selulosa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh oksidasi selulosa dari tandan kosong kelapa sawit (TKKS) menggunakan hidrogen peroksida dalam suasana basa. Selulosa diisolasi dan dimurnikan dengan metode natrium hidroksida dan dilanjutkan dengan pemutihan natrium hipoklorit. Efek oksidasi selulosa oleh hidrogen peroksida dievaluasi menggunakan analisis komponen lignoselulosa, analisis visual, sifat fisik dan kimia. Analisis spektroskopi inframerah (FTIR) digunakan untuk mengevaluasi perubahan gugus fungsional selulosa. Pemasakan TKKS dengan natrium hidroksida pada suhu160oC selama 4 jam mengurangi kandungan lignin dari 22,58% menjadi 16,60%, meningkatkan kandungan selulosa dari 60,76% menjadi 73,87% dan hemiselulosa dari 25,86% menjadi 30,95%. Perlakuan pulp TKKS menggunakan natrium hipoklorit menghilangkan semua sisa lignin. Kandungan selulosa meningkat hingga 90,86%. Oksidasi selulosa dengan hidrogen peroksida menurunkan derajat polimerisasi selulosa dari 1997 menjadi 658. Gugus karboksil selulosa meningkat secara signifikan dan dikonfirmasi dengan analisis titrasi. Analisis visual menunjukkan kerusakan serabut selulosa, sesuai dengan pengurangan kristalinitas selulosa.Kata kunci: selulosa, oksidasi, tandan kosong kelapa sawit, gugus karboksil, kristalinitas, sifat fisik 

scholarly journals An Eco-Friendly Approach Towards Bleaching Process for Whitening of Kydia calycina Fibres Instead of Hydrogen Peroxide

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 883-891
Author(s):  
Tayyaba Fatma ◽  
Shahnaz Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Fibre Length ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Bleaching Process ◽  
Whiteness Index ◽  
Pectinase Enzyme

This study was conducted to sustain the eco-friendly approach for bleaching of Kydia calycina fibres. The Kydia calycina fibres were extracted from the young shoots of Kydia calycina plant through water retting and then the extracted fibres were scoured with pectinase enzyme. After that, the scoured Kydia calycina fibres were bleached with three different methods. Among them, the best bleaching method was selected on the basis of tenacity, elongation, fineness, fibre length, weight loss and whiteness index. The concentration of sodium perborate, concentration of TAED, time and temperature of selected bleaching method were optimised using SAS software. At optimisation stage, tenacity, elongation, fineness and whiteness index of bleached fibres were tested. The results indicated that TAED activated sodium perborate showed better tenacity (3.81 g/d), elongation (2.09 %), fineness (22.92 denier) and maximum whiteness index (68.67) at optimised variables including concentration of sodium hydroxide (5 g/l), concentration of TAED (3 g/l), time (60 min) and temperature (500 C).

Comparison of Acrylamide and Agar Gels by Freeze-Etching

1977 ◽  
Vol 35 ◽  
pp. 606-607
Author(s):  
Russell L. Steere ◽  
Eric F. Erbe
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Sodium Hypochlorite ◽  
Chromic Acid ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Thin Sheets ◽  
Acid Cleaning ◽  
Agar Gels ◽  
Freeze Etching ◽  
Water Cut

Thin sheets of acrylamide and agar gels of different concentrations were prepared and washed in distilled water, cut into pieces of appropriate size to fit into complementary freeze-etch specimen holders (1) and rapidly frozen. Freeze-etching was accomplished in a modified Denton DFE-2 freeze-etch unit on a DV-503 vacuum evaporator.* All samples were etched for 10 min. at -98°C then re-cooled to -150°C for deposition of Pt-C shadow- and C replica-films. Acrylamide gels were dissolved in Chlorox (5.251 sodium hypochlorite) containing 101 sodium hydroxide, whereas agar gels dissolved rapidly in the commonly used chromic acid cleaning solutions. Replicas were picked up on grids with thin Foimvar support films and stereo electron micrographs were obtained with a JEM-100 B electron microscope equipped with a 60° goniometer stage.Characteristic differences between gels of different concentrations (Figs. 1 and 2) were sufficiently pronounced to convince us that the structures observed are real and not the result of freezing artifacts.

Bleaching optimization at WestRock mill in Covington, Virginia

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 581-586 ◽  
Author(s):  
RICARDO B. SANTOS ◽  
PETER W. HART ◽  
DOUGLAS C. PRYKE ◽  
JOHN VANDERHEIDE
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Capital Expenditures ◽  
Equipment Repair ◽  
Optimization Program ◽  
Hardwood Pulp ◽  
Improved Performance

The WestRock mill in Covington, VA, USA, initiated a long term diagnostic and optimization program for all three of its bleaching lines. Benchmarking studies were used to help identify optimization opportunities. Capital expenditures for mixing improvement, filtrate changes, equipment repair, other equipment changes, and species changes were outside the scope of this work. This focus of this paper is the B line, producing southern hardwood pulp in a D(EP)DD sequence at 88% GE brightness. The benchmarking study and optimization work identified the following opportunities for improved performance: nonoptimal addition of caustic and hydrogen peroxide to the (EP) stage, carryover of D0 filtrate to the (EP) stage, and carryover of (EP) filtrate to the D1 stage. As a result of actions the mill undertook to address these opportunities, D0 kappa factor decreased about 5%, sodium hydroxide consumption in the (EP) stage decreased about 35%, chlorine dioxide consumption in the D1 stage decreased about 25%, and overall bleaching cost decreased about 15%.

Production of monosaccharides from poplar by a two-step hydrogen peroxide-acetic acid and sodium hydroxide pretreatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 170 ◽  
pp. 113820
Author(s):  
Hong Liao ◽  
Jiaxin You ◽  
Peiyao Wen ◽  
Wenjun Ying ◽  
Qianqian Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide

scholarly journals Aferição do pH de diferentes agentes clareadores indicados para o clareamento intracoronário

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
João Felipe Besegato ◽  
Gabriela Dos Santos Ribeiro Rocha ◽  
Marlene De Sousa Amorim ◽  
Fabio Martins Salomão ◽  
Daniel Poletto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multiple Comparisons ◽  
The Other ◽  
Sodium Perborate ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Friedman Test ◽  
Time Intervals ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Evaluation Time

Objective: to measure pH values of bleaching agents that are indicated to intracoronal bleaching technique in different time intervals. Methods: Each group (G) received five samples (n=5): G1 – distilled water (AD); G2 – hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) 30%; G3 – sodium perborate (PbS) + AD; G4 – PbS + H2O2 30%; G5 – sodium percarbonate (PcS) + AD; and G6 – PcS + H2O2 30%. pH values were stated using a digital pHmeter, in different time intervals: immediately after handling (T0), 24 hours (T1) and 168 hours after handling (T2). The results were submitted to statistical analysis through Kruskal-Wallis and Mann Whitney tests, in this order, allowing multiple comparisons among the groups. To verify the effect of time in each group, Friedman test was applied. Results: In the evaluation of the effect of time in each group, it was observed that G2 presented acid behavior, while the other groups exhibited values close to neutrality or alkaline. Conclusions: H2O2 30% was the only agent that showed acidic behavior in every evaluation time. Meanwhile, PcS + H2O had the highest pH values.

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