scholarly journals Green Complexity, Economic Fitness, and Environmental Degradation: Evidence from U.S. State-Level Data

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
İbrahim Tuğrul Çınar ◽  
İlhan Korkmaz ◽  
Muhammet Yunus Şişman
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Green Production ◽  
Significant Negative Impact

Abstract Green production is one of the major debates as environmental degradation poses threats globally. The paper attempts to explore the relationship between green economy and environmental quality by using Economic Fitness approach. We develop a Green Complexity Index (GCI) dataset consists of 290 traded green-labeled products for the US States between 2002 and 2018. We analyze the environmental performance of green production using the GCI data at the sub-national level. Findings indicate that exporting more complex green products has insignificant effects on local (i.e., Sulfur dioxide, Particulate Matter 10) and global polluters such as Carbon dioxide (CO2), even accounting for per capita income. Yet, overall economic complexity has a significant negative impact on the emission levels implying that sophisticated production significantly improves environmental quality in the US. The insignificant impact of GCI on environmental degradation suggests that green product classifications should incorporate the production and end-use stages of goods to limit the adverse environmental effects of green-labeled products. The study, therefore, provides policy implications for green industrial policies.JEL codes: O18, Q56, R11

scholarly journals Analysis of 220 Years of Floodplain Population Dynamics in the US at Different Spatial Scales

Water ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 141
Author(s):  
Firoza Akhter ◽  
Maurizio Mazzoleni ◽  
Luigia Brandimarte
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Spatial Scales ◽  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Protection Measures ◽  
Management Planning ◽  
The Us ◽  
Over Time

In this study, we explore the long-term trends of floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales in the contiguous United States (U.S.). We exploit different types of datasets from 1790–2010—i.e., decadal spatial distribution for the population density in the US, global floodplains dataset, large-scale data of flood occurrence and damage, and structural and nonstructural flood protection measures for the US. At the national level, we found that the population initially settled down within the floodplains and then spread across its territory over time. At the state level, we observed that flood damages and national protection measures might have contributed to a learning effect, which in turn, shaped the floodplain population dynamics over time. Finally, at the county level, other socio-economic factors such as local flood insurances, economic activities, and socio-political context may predominantly influence the dynamics. Our study shows that different influencing factors affect floodplain population dynamics at different spatial scales. These facts are crucial for a reliable development and implementation of flood risk management planning.

The Impact of the Business Environment on the Formalization of Informal Firms. The Case of Kosovo

Südosteuropa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-529
Author(s):  
Kujtim Zylfijaj ◽  
Dimitar Nikoloski ◽  
Nadine Tournois
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Positive Influence ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Tax Reforms ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Characteristics Analysis ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

AbstractThe research presented here investigates the impact of the business environment on the formalization of informal firms, using firm-level data for 243 informal firms in Kosovo. The findings indicate that business-environment variables such as limited access to financing, the cost of financing, the unavailability of subsidies, tax rates, and corruption have a significant negative impact on the formalization of informal firms. In addition, firm-level characteristics analysis suggests that the age of the firm also exercises a significant negative impact, whereas sales volume exerts a significant positive impact on the formalization of informal firms. These findings have important policy implications and suggest that the abolition of barriers preventing access to financing, as well as tax reforms and a consistent struggle against corruption may have a positive influence on the formalization of informal firms. On the other hand, firm owners should consider formalization to be a means to help them have greater opportunities for survival and growth.

scholarly journals Fiscal Resilience Building

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (94) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rasmané Ouedraogo ◽  
Rene Tapsoba ◽  
Moussé Sow ◽  
Ali Compaoré
Keyword(s):  
National Level ◽  
State Level ◽  
Theil Index ◽  
Tax Revenue ◽  
Revenue Diversification ◽  
Economic Diversification ◽  
Revenue Sources ◽  
The Us ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
Revenue Volatility

Does the reliance on diversified tax structure enhance resilience to fiscal risks? This paper gives an answer to this question by proposing a new cross-country tax revenue diversification index (RDI). The RDI builds on the Theil index, and unlike the few existing tax diversification indices, which are constructed only at the state level for the US, is computed at the national level, covering a broad panel of 127 countries over the period 2000-15. We find suggestive evidence that tax revenue diversification reduces tax revenue volatility, thus bringing to the data long-held views about the prominence of tax revenue diversification for fiscal resilience strengthening. While exploring the drivers of the RDI, we find that tax revenue diversification is not just a reflection of economic diversification, but also an outcome of macroeconomic, political and institutional factors. Interestingly, a non-monotone relationship is also at play between the RDI and economic development, with countries’ portfolio of tax sources getting more diversified as their economy develops, until a tipping point, where richer countries start finding it harder to diversify further their tax revenue sources.

scholarly journals Economic Development and Environmental Degradation in Indonesia: Panel Data Analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. Layouting
Author(s):  
M Irsyad Ilham
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Environmental Damage

This study analyzed the relationship of economic development, population density, and the number of vehicles on environmental degradation from 31 provinces in Indonesia for the period 2011-2019. Panel data analysis, which is widely used to examine issues that could not be studied in either cross-section or time-series alone, is used herein. The empirical results support the hypothesis on the direction of causality from those three factors of environmental damage in the country. The results concluded that economic development, population density, and the number of vehicles impacted on environmental degradation in Indonesia. The smallest cross-section random effect indicates the lowest environmental quality when all factors are fixed. The empirical findings provide important policy implications for Indonesia and it will direct its economic development model towards a green economic one. On the other hand, the growth of the population should be equalized with growth in human development. The distribution of population should be equalized among provinces by opening a new economic cluster to supply new work-fields. In addition, it should be for the country to create a more-educated population in order to protect environmental quality. Despite the unstoppable growth of vehicles, the government should implement the development of eco-friendly combustion technology besides reducing fuel consumption. Moreover, the road-making by plastic-based material can be considered to prevent land damage from plastic waste and might also recycle plastics which has caused pollution in Indonesia.

scholarly journals The Impact of Population Density and Economic Growth on Environmental Quality: Study in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 301-312
Author(s):  
Abdulloh Nashiruddin Wafiq ◽  
Suryanto Suryanto
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Population Density ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Sustainable Economic Growth ◽  
The Impact

Sustainable economic growth is followed by an improvement in environmental quality. The purpose of this study is to identify the correlation between economic growth and population density on the environmental quality index (EQI) in Indonesia. In addition, it also aims to determine the impact of economic growth and population density on the environmental quality Index. This study uses a quantitative method with secondary data from 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2016. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and panel data regression. The result showed that the correlation between economic growth and population density on the quality of the environment was moderate. It has a significant negative impact on environmental quality.

scholarly journals Heterogeneous Monetary Policy Transmission in the US Housing Market

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-96
Author(s):  
Maria Christidou ◽  
Panagiotis Theodore Konstantinou ◽  
Costas Roumanias
Keyword(s):  
Monetary Policy ◽  
House Prices ◽  
National Level ◽  
Property Tax ◽  
State Level ◽  
The State ◽  
Tax Rates ◽  
Housing Investment ◽  
Policy Transmission ◽  
The Us

We assess the effects of monetary policy on real house prices and housing investment across the US states during the period 1983-2008. We find that an expansionary monetary shock generates higher housing investment and house prices at the national level. At the state level, however the responses of housing investment and house prices differ from the nation-wide responses. We relate this heterogeneity to various observable factors such as property tax rates, howeownership, income inequality, poverty and demographic factors. All these factors are crucial in explaining the heterogeneity of the state-level responses.

scholarly journals The Effect of Rainfall on Economic Growth in Thailand: A Blessing for Poor Provinces

Economies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Siriklao Sangkhaphan ◽  
Yang Shu
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
National Level ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Andaman Sea ◽  
Climate Effect ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
Service Sectors

Rainfall is related to economic growth and generally has beneficial impacts on dry and poor areas that are mostly dependent on rainfed agriculture. Thailand is a service-based, upper middle-income country with a tropical climate although rainfall varies regionally. The volume of precipitation in the northern and northeastern regions is rather low while the southern region has the highest rainfall due to its narrow topography running north-south bordering the Andaman Sea to the west and the Gulf of Thailand to the east. The present study explored the effect of rainfall on the growth of the gross provincial product (GPP) by economic sector and subsector using provincial-level panel data from 1995 to 2015. The feasible generalised least squares (FGLS) estimator with fixed effect was used in the regression models. We found that the main impacts of the weather occurred through rainfall and reduced GPP growth at the national level. For the sector level, the results showed that rainfall had a significant negative impact on the agricultural and service sectors while it had a positive but not significant impact on the industrial sector. However, rainfall remains vital in poor regions although it could be detrimental to certain subsectors in those regions. The results confirmed that the positive effects of rainfall mostly affected the economies of poor provinces and suggested that average rainfall could be the key climate effect on economic growth in Thailand.

scholarly journals Green Economy and Sustainable Development: The Economic Impact of Innovation on Employment

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luigi Aldieri ◽  
Concetto Vinci
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Knowledge Diffusion ◽  
Economic Incentives ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
Job Displacement ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Displacement Effect ◽  
The Impact

The purpose of this paper is to analyze the role of the knowledge diffusion process in employment effects of sustainable development investments for large international firms. We present an empirical analysis based upon a dataset composed of worldwide Research and Development (R&D) -intensive firms over the period 2002–2010. In order to identify the technological relatedness measure between the firms, we use the friendly environmental patents’ distribution. The drivers of labor innovation effects are identified as a complex combination of job displacement and compensation forces of innovation. Two research questions are investigated: first, we wonder whether green economy investments stimulate firm-level jobs within three different environmental contexts: water, waste and energy; second, we would like to learn the extent to which the knowledge diffusion is an important channel supporting labor in the environmental context, by analysing the impact of intra-industry externalities. From the empirical results, we can observe that environmental spillovers have a negative impact, by confirming the prevalence of the displacement effect. This finding is extremely important for policy implications. Indeed, not only economic incentives to allow the transition to cleaner technologies are required, but also stronger actions to favor job creation relative to environmental activities are needed for a full sustainable achievement of firms.

scholarly journals Assessment of Financial Development on Environmental Degradation in KSA: How Technology Effect?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdussalam Aljadani
Keyword(s):  
Financial Development ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Environmental Quality ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Policy Implications ◽  
Renewable Energy Consumption ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Composite Effect ◽  
Cointegration Tests ◽  
Environmental Mitigation

Abstract The main purpose of this research is to test the effect of financial development, real GDP, population, technology on dioxide carbon emissions as well the technology effect of financial development and environmental degradation in the Saudi Arabia (KSA) over the period 1970–2016 and the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence, and Technology) with an Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model is used for the empirical inquest. These empirical findings by the Bounds cointegration tests show that the financial development and technology have a negative and significant impact on environmental degradation, firstly. Secondly, the technology effect of financial development (composite effect of technology and financial development) has an unfortunate effect on environmental mitigation. Finally, lower environmental mitigation is associated by a deepening in total population and affluence. Moreover, findings from the pairwise Granger causality test point that there is no causality running from both financial development and technology to the effect of technology among KSA. On the opposite, we looked at economic growth Granger, cause environmental quality. In addition, a unidirectional causality was seen running from environmental quality to financial development. The same, the relationship between affluence and financial development in KSA is unidirectional. Thus, various policy implications should be proposed to policymakers as enhancing the expansion of technology, especially in the industrial sector by incorporating renewable energy consumption to upgrade environmental quality.

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