scholarly journals Risk Factors for Injuries in Female Soldiers: a Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ben Schram ◽  
Elisa Canetti ◽  
Rob Orr ◽  
Rodney Pope
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Aerobic Fitness ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Occupational Tasks ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
Critical Appraisal Skills ◽  
Female Soldiers ◽  
Minimal Evidence

Abstract Background: Female soldiers form an integral part of any modern defence force. Previous reports have highlighted that female soldiers report injuries at higher rates than male personnel. One possible reason for this is an actual difference in underlying injury rates, purported to be due to several factors, including levels of fitness. The aim of this review was to determine risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Methods: A systematic search was conducted for studies which reported on risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Databases searched included PUBMED, CINAHL and Medline through OVID. Eligible studies were rated for their methodological quality using the Critical Appraisal Skills Program (CASP) tools and data were extracted and synthesized using a critical narrative approach. Results: A total of 18 articles were included in this review which reported on 18 risk factors for injury. Smoking, previous injury, no history of deployment, heavy occupational tasks, lower levels of aerobic fitness and lower number of push-up repetitions appear to be risk factors for injuries in female soldiers. Age, height, body fat, high or low BMI and body mass do not appear to be consistent risk factors for injury in female soldiers and there appears to be minimal evidence for current levels of activity, sit-up ability, and other assessments of strength, power, speed, or movement being associated with injury risk. Additionally, neither flexibility nor previous levels of activity appear to be associated with injury risk in female soldiers. Conclusion: Strategies to improve aerobic fitness and upper limb endurance, reduce smoking, and optimise rehabilitation from injuries and risk management for heavy occupational tasks need to be developed for female soldiers. Such strategies are also likely to reduce risks for male soldiers.

scholarly journals The Associated Meniscal Tears and Associated Risk Factors in Concomitant ACL Injuries of the Knee: A Retrospective Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 981-985
Author(s):  
Rosan Prasad Shah Kalawar ◽  
Pashupati Chaudhary ◽  
Raju Rijal ◽  
Bishnu Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Acl Reconstruction ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Meniscus Tear ◽  
Acl Injuries ◽  
Arthroscopic Findings ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post Traumatic ◽  
Associated Risk Factors ◽  
Primary Acl Reconstruction

Introduction: The pattern of meniscus tear has significant impact onsubsequent rehabilitation and functional outcome as theyare usually associated with ACL injury.Knowledge about associated meniscus tear helps to identifypatients in the early post-traumatic phase.  Objectives: To study meniscus tear patterns and associationbetween different tear patterns of meniscus in ACLinjured subjects and to identify potential demographic andother associated risk factors.  Methodology: Routine arthroscopic findings database of 54 patientsoperated for primary ACL reconstruction from January 2017to December 2018 was used to study associated tear of meniscus. Based on arthroscopic evaluation, cases weregrouped into meniscus having no tear, minor tear and majortear. Major tear included complete radial tears, root tearsand unstable longitudinal tears including bucket-handletears.  Result: Totalarthroscopycasesinthestudydurationwere124.Ofthose,43% (n=54) underwent ACL reconstruction (ACLR) for tornACL. Among the patients who underwent ACLR, 58% had notear, 26%hadminortears, and16%hadmajortears ofthemeniscus. Therewere significant differencesbetweenthree groups for gender, age groupsandmechanism of injury. Risk factors formajortearsweremalegenderandage<30years.Minorandmajortears were associated with a contact injury.  Conclusion: Male, age <30 years and history of contact injury havehigh risks for having an associated meniscus tear. Earlyreferral to magnetic resonance imaging and/or arthroscopyis recommended to allow meniscus repair in a timelymanner.

Analysis of Risk Factors for Military Parachuting Injuries among Chinese Air Force Cadet Pilots

2013 ◽  
Vol 423-426 ◽  
pp. 1778-1781 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Jing Guo ◽  
Yong Ren Chen ◽  
Yong Bo Yang ◽  
Gao Feng Qu ◽  
Dong Yu Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Force ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Surface Wind ◽  
Surface Wind Speed ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Chinese Air Force

Parachuting injuries among cadet pilots often occur because they undergo extensive training within a short period of time. To explore the injury mechanism and to prevent injuries, this paper investigated the injury risk factors for the military parachuting of cadet pilots. A prospective study of static line parachute descents by Chinese Air Force cadet pilots was performed. The study indicates that 153 cadet pilots were injured, with a total of 168 injuries. The injury rates associated with extrinsic and intrinsic risk factors were compared and analyzed by using orthogonal multivariate analysis. Landing is the most dangerous part of parachuting, causing 88% of injuries. Extrinsic factors associated with increased injury rates are higher surface wind speed and third-generation protective boots. Intrinsic factors associated with reduced injury rates are excellent mental qualities, excellent parachuting movements, and female cadet pilots. Strengthening parachuting movements and mental qualities, approving jumps only when basic parachuting conditions are met, and improving protective equipment are recommended strategies for preventing parachuting injuries.

scholarly journals Internet Survey of Risk Factors Associated With Training and Competition in Dogs Competing in Agility Competitions

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arielle Pechette Markley ◽  
Abigail B. Shoben ◽  
Nina R. Kieves
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Severe Injury ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Training Level ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Jump Training ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
History Of

Objective: To describe risk factors associated with training and competition in relation to frequency and severity of injuries experienced by agility dogs.Procedures: An internet-based survey collected data on competition level variables and training level variables. The primary outcome was history of any injury and a secondary outcome considered history of severe injury (injury lasting &gt; 3 months). Logistic regression was used to estimate associations and final models were obtained via backward selection to identify the strongest associations within variables.Results: There were 4,197 dogs included in this analysis. Injury was reported for 1,737 (41.4%) dogs and severe injury was reported for 629 (15.0%). In the model with competition level factors, jumping 4” (OR: 1.50) or 2–4” (OR: 1.31) over shoulder height compared to jumping 0–2” lower and competing at national events was associated with increased injury risk, while competing 6+ times on rubber matting was associated with lower risk (OR: 0.62). Training level variables associated with injury risk were age starting jump, teeter, and weave training, with the highest risk observed for dogs starting jump training between 3 and 18 months but starting weave and teeter training after 18 months of age.Conclusion and Clinical Relevance: Many variables thought to be associated with injury risk were not significant in the final model. Starting jump training at an earlier age was associated with greater risk of injury relative to starting after 18 months. It is possible that the high impact of jump training before skeletal maturity may increase the risk of injuries or musculoskeletal conditions. The increased risk of injury in dogs that jump 2–4, or 4+ inches higher than shoulder height may be due to increased biomechanical forces during takeoff and landing. Faster dogs may be at higher risk of injury; handlers planning competition around big events or competing at the national level are likely to have faster dogs, and may be less likely to compete on rubber matting. These data provide valuable current insight into the possible effects that training and competition variables may have on injury risk in agility dogs.

scholarly journals Musculoskeletal Injuries and United States Army Readiness Part I: Overview of Injuries and their Strategic Impact

2020 ◽  
Vol 185 (9-10) ◽  
pp. e1461-e1471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M Molloy ◽  
Timothy L Pendergrass ◽  
Ian E Lee ◽  
Michelle C Chervak ◽  
Keith G Hauret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Mechanical Energy ◽  
Musculoskeletal Injuries ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Overuse Injuries ◽  
Limit Function ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Female Soldiers

Abstract Introduction Noncombat injuries (“injuries”) greatly impact soldier health and United States (U.S.) Army readiness; they are the leading cause of outpatient medical encounters (more than two million annually) among active component (AC) soldiers. Noncombat musculoskeletal injuries (“MSKIs”) may account for nearly 60% of soldiers’ limited duty days and 65% of soldiers who cannot deploy for medical reasons. Injuries primarily affect readiness through increased limited duty days, decreased deployability rates, and increased medical separation rates. MSKIs are also responsible for exorbitant medical costs to the U.S. government, including service-connected disability compensation. A significant subset of soldiers develops chronic pain or long-term disability after injury; this may increase their risk for chronic disease or secondary health deficits potentially associated with MSKIs. The authors will review trends in U.S. Army MSKI rates, summarize MSKI readiness-related impacts, and highlight the importance of standardizing surveillance approaches, including injury definitions used in injury surveillance. Materials/Methods This review summarizes current reports and U.S. Department of Defense internal policy documents. MSKIs are defined as musculoskeletal disorders resulting from mechanical energy transfer, including traumatic and overuse injuries, which may cause pain and/or limit function. This review focuses on various U.S. Army populations, based on setting, sex, and age; the review excludes combat or battle injuries. Results More than half of all AC soldiers sustained at least one injury (MSKI or non-MSKI) in 2017. Overuse injuries comprise at least 70% of all injuries among AC soldiers. Female soldiers are at greater risk for MSKI than men. Female soldiers’ aerobic and muscular fitness performances are typically lower than men’s performances, which could account for their higher injury rates. Older soldiers are at greater injury risk than younger soldiers. Soldiers in noncombat arms units tend to have higher incidences of reported MSKIs, more limited duty days, and higher rates of limited duty days for chronic MSKIs than soldiers in combat arms units. MSKIs account for 65% of medically nondeployable AC soldiers. At any time, 4% of AC soldiers cannot deploy because of MSKIs. Once deployed, nonbattle injuries accounted for approximately 30% of all medical evacuations, and were the largest category of soldier evacuations from both recent major combat theaters (Iraq and Afghanistan). More than 85% of service members medically evacuated for MSKIs failed to return to the theater. MSKIs factored into (1) nearly 70% of medical disability discharges across the Army from 2011 through 2016 and (2) more than 90% of disability discharges within enlisted soldiers’ first year of service from 2010 to 2015. MSKI-related, service-connected (SC) disabilities account for 44% of all SC disabilities (more than any other body system) among compensated U.S. Global War on Terrorism veterans. Conclusions MSKIs significantly impact soldier health and U.S. Army readiness. MSKIs also figure prominently in medical disability discharges and long-term, service-connected disability costs. MSKI patterns and trends vary between trainees and soldiers in operational units and among military occupations and types of operational units. Coordinated injury surveillance efforts are needed to provide standardized metrics and accurately measure temporal changes in injury rates.

scholarly journals Injury Rates and Injury Risk Factors among U.S. Army Wheel Vehicle Mechanics

2007 ◽  
Vol 172 (9) ◽  
pp. 988-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Knapik ◽  
Sarah B. Jones ◽  
Salima Darakjy ◽  
Keith G. Hauret ◽  
Steven H. Bullock ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Injury Risk Factors

scholarly journals Injury rates and injury risk factors among federal bureau of investigation new agent trainees

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J Knapik ◽  
Tyson Grier ◽  
Anita Spiess ◽  
David I Swedler ◽  
Keith G Hauret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Federal Bureau ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Federal Bureau Of Investigation ◽  
Injury Risk Factors

scholarly journals Head and neck cancer risk factors in the French West Indies

BMC Cancer ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aviane Auguste ◽  
Clarisse Joachim ◽  
Jacqueline Deloumeaux ◽  
Stanie Gaete ◽  
Léah Michineau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Alcohol Drinking ◽  
West Indies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Low Bmi ◽  
High Risk Hpv

Abstract Objectives The incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in the French West Indies (FWI) is relatively high, despite a low prevalence of tobacco smoking and alcohol drinking. Little is known about other risk factors in the FWI. We assessed associations between several factors and HNSCC risk, their population attributable fractions (PAF) in the FWI, and compared these PAFs by subsite, sex and age. Materials and methods We conducted a population-based case-control study (145 cases and 405 controls). We used logistic regression models to estimate adjusted odds-ratios (OR), PAFs and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Tobacco smoking, alcohol drinking, high-risk HPV, family history of HNC, low BMI and several occupations and industries were significantly associated to the occurrence of HNSCC. The majority of HNSCC cases were attributable to tobacco smoking (65.7%) and alcohol (44.3%). The PAF for the combined consumption of tobacco and/or alcohol was 78.2% and was considerably larger in men (85%) than in women (33%). The PAFs for the remaining risk factors were 9% for family history of HNSCC, 9% for low BMI, 15% for high-risk HPV, and 25% for occupations. The overall PAF for all risk factors combined was 89.0% (95% CI = 82.0–93.2). The combined PAFs by sex were significantly greater in men (93.4%, 95% CI = 87.5–96.5) than in women (56.4%, 95% CI = 18.7–76.6). Conclusion Tobacco and alcohol appeared to have the greatest impact on HNSCC incidence among the studied risk factors, especially among men. Prevention programs for HNSCC in the FWI should target tobacco and alcohol cessation, particularly in men. Future research should emphasise on the role of occupational factors to better understand this disease.

scholarly journals Epidemiology, Clinical Characteristics, and Risk Factors for Running-Related Injuries among South African Trail Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (23) ◽  
pp. 12620
Author(s):  
Carel T. Viljoen ◽  
Dina C. Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Evert Verhagen ◽  
Willem van Mechelen ◽  
Elzette Korkie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Anatomical Site ◽  
Trauma Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of ◽  
Trail Running

Trail running involves running on varying natural terrains, often including large elevation gains/losses. Trail running has a high risk of injury, and runners often participate in remote regions where medical support is challenging. The aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology, clinical characteristic, and associated injury risk factors among trail runners. A modified Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center Questionnaire for Health Problems (OSTRC-H) was used biweekly to collect running-related injury (RRI) and training history data prospectively, among 152 participants (males n = 120, females n = 32) over 30 weeks. We report an overall injury rate of 19.6 RRIs per 1000 h and an RRI mean prevalence of 12.3%. The leading anatomical site of RRIs was the lower limb (82.9%), affecting the knee (29.8%), shin/lower leg (18.0%), and the foot/toes (13.7%). A history of previous RRI in the past 12 months (p = 0.0032) and having a chronic disease (p = 0.0188) are independent risk factors for RRIs among trail runners. Two in three trail runners sustain an RRI mainly affecting the knee, shin/lower leg, and foot/toes. A history of previous RRI in the past 12 months and a having chronic disease is independently associated with RRI among trail runners. These results could be used to develop future RRI prevention strategies, combined with clinical knowledge and experience.

scholarly journals Quantification of the demands of cricket bowling and the relationship to injury risk: a systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Constable ◽  
Daniel Wundersitz ◽  
Rodrigo Bini ◽  
Michael Kingsley
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Population Characteristics ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Quality Of Evidence ◽  
Online Databases ◽  
Cricket Bowling ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Background Bowling in cricket is a complex sporting movement which, despite being well characterised, still produces a significant number of injuries each year. Fast bowlers are more likely to be injured than any other playing role. Frequency, duration, intensity and volume of bowling, which have been generalised as measurements of workload, are thought to be risk factors for injuries. Injury rates of fast bowlers have not reduced in recent years despite the implementation of various workload monitoring practices. Objective To identify the variables used to quantify frequency, intensity, time and volume of bowling; and evaluate relationships between these variables and injury risk. Methods Six online databases were systematically searched for studies on fast bowling that included terms related to workload. Population characteristics, variables relating to demand and their relationship to standardised definitions of physical activity were extracted from all included studies. Results Bowling workload is typically quantified through measures of frequency, duration, or indirect intensity, with few studies reporting on bowling volume. Conclusions When reported on, volume was often described using imprecise or insufficient measures of intensity. There is a need to develop more appropriate measures of intensity during bowling and improve the quality of evidence to inform on bowling programme management practices.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of Sports-Related Injuries and Associated Risk Factors in Adolescent Athletes: An Injury Surveillance

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (9) ◽  
pp. 4857
Author(s):  
Pablo Prieto-González ◽  
Jose Luis Martínez-Castillo ◽  
Luis Miguel Fernández-Galván ◽  
Arturo Casado ◽  
Sergio Soporki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Injury Risk ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Injury Rate ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Injury Surveillance ◽  
Ankle Sprains ◽  
Adolescent Athletes ◽  
Injury Rates ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

The present study aimed to determine the epidemiology of sport-related injuries in amateur and professional adolescent athletes and the incidence of different risk factors on those injuries. Four hundred ninety-eight athletes aged 14 to 21 voluntarily participated in this prospective injury surveillance, conducted from 1 January 2019 to 31 December 2019. The information collected included: personal data, sports aspects, characteristics of the injuries, and lifestyle. Forty point four percent of the participants suffered an injury in 2019 (39% of them in a previously injured area). The average injury rate was 2.64 per 1000 h. Soccer presented the highest rate (7.21). The most common injuries were: lumbar muscle strains (12.24%), ankle sprains (11.98%), and bone fractures (9.31%). Ankles (36.12%), knees (19.32%), and shoulders (6.47%) concentrated the highest number of injuries. Fifty-nine point twenty-eight percent of the injuries occurred during practices, and 40.72% during competition or peri-competition. Higher injury rates were associated (in this order) with the following factors: (a) Greater number of hours of practice per week. (b) Not performing warm-ups. (c) Using inadequate sports facilities. (d) Being aged 14–17. (e) Not performing physical preparation. (f) Inappropriate training load. (g) Not performing injury-preventive activities. (h) Performing sports technique without the supervision of one sports coach. (i) Inadequate sports equipment. In conclusion, since most injury risk factors are modifiable, it is imperative to implement strategies to reduce amateur and professional adolescent athletes’ injury rates.

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