scholarly journals Effects of rhBMP-2 Loaded Hydroxyapatite Granules/beta-Tricalcium Phosphate Hydrogel (HA/β-TCP hydrogel) Composite on a Rat Model of Coccygeal Intervertebral Fusion.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shinichi Nakagawa ◽  
Rintaro Okada ◽  
Junichi Kushioka ◽  
Joe Kodama ◽  
Hiroyuki Tsukazaki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Posterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Intervertebral Fusion ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Morphogenetic Protein ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
High Doses

Abstract The effects and inflammation-related side effects of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP)-2 on posterior lumbar interbody fusion are controversial. One of the potential causes for the inconsistent results is the uncontrolled release of BMP-2 from the collagen carrier. Therefore, BMP delivery systems which support effective bone regeneration while attenuating side effects are strongly sought for. We developed NOVOSIS putty (NP), a novel composite material of hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)-hydrogel, and BMP-2, which can sustainably release BMP-2 over two weeks. This study investigated the effects and side effects of NP compared with those of collagen sponge (CS) containing BMP-2 using a rat coccygeal intervertebral fusion model. The fusion rates of NP with low and high doses of BMP-2 were significantly higher than those of an iliac bone (IB) graft, but those of CS with low and high doses of BMP-2 were not different from those of the IB graft. Furthermore, the incidences of ectopic bone formation and soft tissue swelling were significantly lower in the NP group than in the CS group. The HA/β-TCP hydrogel carrier enabled superior bone induction with low-dose BMP-2 and decreased the incidence of side effects caused by high-dose BMP-2 compared with that of the collagen carrier.

Fabrication and biological evaluation of porous β-TCP bioceramics produced using digital light processing

2021 ◽  
pp. 095441192110411
Author(s):  
SongFeng Xu ◽  
Hang Zhang ◽  
Xiang Li ◽  
XinXin Zhang ◽  
HuanMei Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Bone Repair ◽  
Femoral Condyle ◽  
Biological Evaluation ◽  
Mechanical Tests ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Beta Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Ectopic Bone ◽  
Good Biocompatibility ◽  
Mouse Osteoblast

Beta-tricalcium phosphate ( β-TCP) refers to one ideal bone repair substance with good biocompatibility and osteogenicity. A digital light processing (DLP)-system used in this study creates bioceramic green part by stacking up layers of photocurable tricalcium phosphate-filled slurry with various β-TCP weight fractions. Results show that the sintering shrinkage is anisotropic and the shrinkage vertically reaches over that horizontally. The obtained porous β-TCP parts have both macroporous outer structure and microporous inner structure, the macropore size is 400–600 μm and the micropore size is 500–1500 nm. The mechanical tests show that the porous β-TCP bioceramic’s compressive strength reaches 16.53 MPa. The cell culture confirmed that the porous β-TCP bioceramic is capable of achieving the effective attaching, growing, and proliferating pertained to mouse osteoblast cells. This study identified considerable blood vessels and significant ectopic bone forming obviously based on the histologically-related assessment when implanting to rabbit femoral condyle deficiency for 3 months. Thus, under high bioactive property and osteoinductivity, and large precision and mechanical strength that can be adjusted, the DLP printed porous β-TCP ceramics is capable of being promising for special uses of bones repairing.

Role of High-Dose Intravenous Frusemide Therapy in the Management of Chronic Renal Failure

1975 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 245-250
Author(s):  
Mam Chandra ◽  
M K Mitra ◽  
N N Gupta
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Fixed Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dose Regime ◽  
Diuretic Response ◽  
High Doses

The results of using high doses of intravenous frusemide in the management of 28 patients suffering from chronic renal failure are presented. The results are compared with those obtained from 14 patients also suffering from chronic renal failure, who received identical ‘conservative management’ but were not treated with diuretics. Large doses of intravenous frusemide produced a satisfactory diuretic response in a higher percentage of treated patients (71%) compared with controls (36%). It was also observed that in the treated group of patients a significant diuretic response could be obtained in patients with a creatinine clearance below 4 ml per minute. The study also demonstrated that in the group of patients receiving frusemide the response was better in those who were given a progressive-dose regime; 88% of patients improved with this regime compared with 68% of patients who were treated with a fixed dose of frusemide. Transient deafness with tinnitus and vertigo were the only side-effects observed. However these effects were only seen in patients who received 1000 mg or more frusemide in one day, administered over a period of one to two hours. It is concluded that all patients suffering from chronic renal failure should be given a trial of large doses of intravenous frusemide therapy, along with other conventional measures, particularly where facilities for dialysis are not immediately available.

scholarly journals Effect of Whitlockite as a new bone substitute for bone formation in spinal fusion and ectopic ossification animal model

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Zhe Jin ◽  
Guang-Bin Zheng ◽  
Minjoon Cho ◽  
Jae Hyup Lee
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Spinal Fusion ◽  
Tricalcium Phosphate ◽  
Transverse Process ◽  
Posterolateral Fusion ◽  
Fusion Model ◽  
Ectopic Ossification ◽  
Spinal Fusion Surgery ◽  
Sd Rat ◽  
Ectopic Bone

Abstract Background Bone substrates like hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate have been widely used for promoting spinal fusion and reducing the complications caused by autograft. Whitlockite has been reported to promote better bone formation in rat calvaria models compare with them, but no study investigated its effect on spinal fusion yet. Also, the higher osteoinductivity of whitlockite raised concern of ectopic ossification, which was a complication of spinal fusion surgery that should be avoided. Methods In this study, we compared the osteoinductivity of whitlockite, hydroxyapatite, and tricalcium phosphate porous particles with SD rat spine posterolateral fusion model and investigated whether whitlockite could induce ectopic ossification with SD rat abdominal pouch model. Results The micro-CT result from the posterolateral fusion model showed whitlockite had slightly but significantly higher percent bone volume than tricalcium phosphate, though none of the materials formed successful fusion with surrounding bone tissue. The histology results showed the bone formed on the cortical surface of the transverse process but did not form a bridge between the processes. The result from the abdominal pouch model showed whitlockite did not induce ectopic bone formation. Conclusion Whitlockite had a potential of being a better bone substrate hydroxyapatite and tricalcium phosphate in spinal fusion with low risk of inducing ectopic ossification.

Investigation of Effects of Silymarin in 5-Fluorouracil Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Mice

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emin Sengul ◽  
Volkan Gelen ◽  
Serkan Yildirim ◽  
Esra Senturk ◽  
Yusuf Dag ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Damage ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Total Bilirubin ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Kidney Functions ◽  
Liver And Kidney Damage

Abstract Hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity are common side effects of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of Silymarin (SLY) on 5-FU induced hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity in mice. In our study, 10 mice in each group were randomly divided into four groups as the control group, 5-FU, SLY50+5-FU, and SLY100+5-FU group. SLY50+5-FU and SLY100+5-FU groups were administered at a dose of 50 and 100 mg/kg for seven days, respectively. 5-FU was administered at a dose of 400 mg/kg intraperitoneally on the fourth day. After the applications, the mice were decapitated under anesthesia. The liver and kidney functions which urea, creatinine, AST, ALT, and total bilirubin levels were analyzed in serum. In liver and renal tissues, MDA and GSH levels, SOD, CAT, and GR activity were determined. Also, histopathological and immunohistochemical changes were examined in liver and kidney sections. Urea, creatinine, ALT, AST, and total bilirubin levels increased 5-FU group according to control and prevented to this increases the especially high dose of SLY. 5-FU also causes histopathological and immunohistochemical changes such as degeneration, necrosis, hyperemia, DNA damage, and IL-6 increase in kidney and liver tissue. High doses of SLY prevented these changes caused by 5-FU. As a result of this study, it was determined that SLY has hepatoprotective and nephroprotective effects on 5-FU-induced liver and kidney damage in mice.

Dialysis therapy for lactic acidosis caused by metformin intoxication: presentation of two cases

2011 ◽  
Vol 30 (12) ◽  
pp. 1995-1997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasemin Usul Soyoral ◽  
Huseyin Begenik ◽  
Habib Emre ◽  
Enver Aytemiz ◽  
Mustafa Ozturk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Lactic Acidosis ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Dialysis Therapy ◽  
Oral Antidiabetic ◽  
High Doses

Metformin is an oral antidiabetic, which is frequently used in the treatment of type II diabetes mellitus. Serious side effects may be seen during the administration of high doses of metformin. Two cases of lactic acidosis due to ingestion of high dose metformin for suicidal purposes have been presented here; in both cases, clinical improvement was seen with bicarbonate hemodialysis.

scholarly journals Systemic Minoxidil Accidental Exposure in a Paediatric Population: A Case Series Study of Cutaneous and Systemic Side Effects

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 4257
Author(s):  
Manuel Sánchez-Díaz ◽  
David López-Delgado ◽  
Trinidad Montero-Vílchez ◽  
Luis Salvador-Rodríguez ◽  
Alejandro Molina-Leyva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Case Series Study ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Initial Zone ◽  
Series Study

Oral minoxidil is an approved treatment for high blood pressure which is also used as an off-label drug for alopecia. Knowledge about the effects of systemic minoxidil in the paediatric population is limited. A retrospective case series study of paediatric patients with history of systemic minoxidil intake due to contaminated sets of omeprazole was performed to describe side effects of high dose oral minoxidil intake in children. Twenty patients aged between 2 months and 13 years joined the study. They had received high doses of oral minoxidil (mean dose 0.90 mg/kg/day) during a mean time of 38.3 days. Hypertrichosis appeared in 65%, with a mean latency time of 24.31 days. Treatment time was associated with the appearance of hypertrichosis (p < 0.05). Most common initial zone of hypertrichosis was the face. Systemic effects developed in 15%, with no cases of severe disorders. The present study shows a novel insight into the side effects of high doses of oral minoxidil in children.

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