scholarly journals Determinants of households’ livelihood diversification strategies to adapt with natural disasters: Evidence from ecologically vulnerable haor region of Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Shamsul Hoq ◽  
Md. Taj Uddin ◽  
Shankar Kumar Raha ◽  
Mohammad Ismail Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Natural Disasters ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Diversification Strategies

Abstract The haor region of Bangladesh is exposed to a variety of natural disasters such as flash floods, seasonal floods, droughts, riverbank erosions, embankment breaches due to climate change, which impacts the haor people's lives and livelihoods. The study aims to assess the various livelihood strategies adopted by the haor households, as well as the factors that influence their decision to pursue more environmentally friendly and sustainable livelihood strategies. The primary data from the 300 haor households in Kishoregonj, Netrokona and Sunamgonj districts were collected with a multi-stage stratified random sample technique taking 100 of each district. We provide inimitable insight into the analysis framework for understanding sustainable rural livelihood, as well as empirical evidence of how livelihood resources, livelihood strategies, and livelihood outcomes are strongly interrelated. The study classified households’ economic activities into five distinct categories together with crop farming to cope with natural disasters. Among the livelihood options, crop plus livestock rearing is the most productive livelihood strategy for haor households. The findings revealed that the higher returning livelihood diversification strategies are significantly influenced by the household’s head age and education, dependency ratio, land holdings, household assets value, access to credit, annual income, membership of any organization, home to road, market, and haor distances, communication during the dry season, duration of waterlogged, and agro-ecology. In order to change the local context and enable poor households to establish more profitable livelihood strategies, policies should aim to promote the significant determinants of livelihood strategies, as well as ensure livelihood assets, a strong infrastructure, and minimize natural disasters.

scholarly journals Farmers’ livelihood strategies and perceived constraints from the poor and non-poor households: A dataset from a field survey in Nghe An, Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quy Van Khuc ◽  
Quan-Hoang Vuong ◽  
Phu Pham ◽  
My-Hien Nguyen ◽  
Cong-Thang Ngo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Field Survey ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sustainable Rural Development ◽  
Plantation Forests ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Rural Livelihood ◽  
Perceived Constraints

rural livelihood, plantation forests, primary data, sustainable rural development, Vietnam

scholarly journals Sustainable livelihood approach for assessing the impacts of slaughterhouses on livelihood strategies among pastoralists in Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Josphat Njenga Gichure ◽  
Sarah Kangai Njeru ◽  
Pius Mwangi Mathi
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Rangeland Management ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Central Position ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Value Addition ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
By Products

AbstractThe social, physical, financial, natural, and human dimensions within slaughterhouses have taken a central position in diversifying livelihoods among pastoralists in the arid and semi-arid lands (ASALs) in Kenya. There is a need to expound on the literature about these dimensions and assess how they impact on livelihood strategies and outcomes. This research aimed to bring out how these dimensions impact livelihood strategies among Kenyan pastoralists using the sustainable livelihood approach. Qualitative data was collected from four counties in Kenya’s ASALs predominantly inhabited by pastoralists, using focus group discussions, and narratives Observations were analysed using the RQDA package within the R statistical computing environment. The results revealed increasingly diversified social-economic activities, value addition of slaughter by-products, better rangeland management, and diversified diets. Gender, age, and roles significantly (P < 0.01) influenced the extent of diversification. Diversified social-economic activities and value addition directly impacted food security through increased utilization of slaughter by-products, provision of an alternative livelihood source, and better resilience during calamities. To conclude, social, economic, and human activities were central in diversified and advanced pastoral livelihoods.

scholarly journals Determinants of rural livelihood diversification strategies among Chewaka resettlers’ communities of southwestern Ethiopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alemayehu Abera ◽  
Teshome Yirgu ◽  
Abera Uncha
Keyword(s):  
Logit Model ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Skill Training ◽  
Decisive Role ◽  
Multinomial Logit Model ◽  
Multinomial Logit ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Diversification Strategies

Abstract Background Livelihood diversification plays a decisive role for the reduction of poverty, food insecurity and to improve the welfare of rural communities. However, inadequate research attention has been given to explore the determinants of livelihood diversification strategies in resettlement areas of Ethiopia. This study attempts to investigate determinants of livelihood diversification strategies among the resettler households in Chewaka district of Ethiopia. Methods The study utilized both primary and secondary data which are qualitative and quantitative in their nature. Through multistage sampling procedure, a total of 384 households were selected from seven sample kebeles of Chewaka district. Data were collected using interview schedule, focus group discussions and field observations. The collected data were analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. Descriptive and inferential statistics along with multinomial logit model have been employed to analyze the data. Results The results showed that agriculture (43.2%), agriculture plus non-farm (25.5%), agriculture plus off-farm (19.3%) and a combination of agriculture plus non-farm plus off-farm (12%) activities are the most pertinent livelihood strategies in the study area. It was found that agriculture has a leading contribution to the total households’ income (72.5%) followed by non-farm (20%) and off-farm activities (7.5%). Multinomial logit model result revealed that land holding size, educational status, livestock holding, sex, age, market distance, credit access, annual income, access to training and household sizes were the major determinants of livelihood diversification strategies. Moreover, poor infrastructural development, lack of working capital, absence of technical support, inadequate skill training and lack of awareness are constraints to livelihood diversification in the area. Conclusions The study concludes that agricultural sector alone cannot be relied upon as the core activity for rural households and as a means of reducing poverty, achieving food security and improving livelihoods in the study area. Thus, a comprehensive development plan that enhances successful livelihood diversification is found to be imperative and most urgent. Policies and actions directed towards improving livelihood of the resettlers’ communities should focus on expanding rural infrastructures, enhancing awareness creation activities and cooperation of stakeholders to bring sustainable livelihood outcome in the area.

scholarly journals Sustainable Livelihood Strategies: How Urban Community Resilient Towards Disaster?

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Navila Ulfi Fauziyanti ◽  
Dyah Rahmawati Hizbaron
Keyword(s):  
Risk Management ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Disaster Risk ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Disaster Risk Management ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood Approach ◽  
Small Medium Enterprises ◽  
Medium Enterprises

It has been more than a decade after 5.9 SR earthquakes hit one of the most destructed area Tembi Hamlet, Bantul District, Yogyakarta Province. Amidst the wreaking havoc, the area gained its resilient in no time. This research, aimed to 1) explore what are the factors influential towards local resilient, especially micro-small-medium enterprises; and 2) analyze strategies to tackle disaster. It employed mix method, while the key questions were developed using “Sustainable Livelihood Approach” by DFID, geared with “Pentagram Asset” mapping for each spatial and temporal unit. The result revealed that 1) the micro-small-medium enterprises in urban area are resilient towards earthquake due to fair physical, natural and financial assets management and abundant social, human and political assets. These assets have created enabling environment towards behavioral change of urban society; 2) Despite various livelihood strategies existed in urban areas, the research highlighted three types of livelihood strategies within disaster risk management perspective, i.e. survival (disaster), consolidation by no-change plan mechanism and accumulation strategies by change plan mechanism (post disaster). Critically, pentagram assessment is able to identify feasible local assets and activities, however it left the policy, institution, interaction and multi sector aspects from the spotlight. Herewith, the research proposes evaluation scan to rethinking sustainable livelihood approach within disaster risk management by adding these aspects into the observation. It also revealed that local autonomous initiatives to extend urban based economic activities and supported by abundant political interest play pivotal role in disaster management at developing countries.

scholarly journals Public Infrastructures and Livelihood Strategies: The Case of Rural Households in Kersa District, Jimma Zone

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 73
Author(s):  
Hassen Nagesso ◽  
Tariku Ayele ◽  
Birhanu Nigussie
Keyword(s):  
Formal Education ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Rural Households ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Cultural Elements ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Diversification Strategies

<p class="Textoindependiente21">Public infrastructures: roads, agricultural extension services, electricity, ICT, protected water sources, irrigation, formal education centers, and formal health centers are essential for human-being in diversifying their livelihood strategies. The general objective of this study is to examine the possible effect of rural public infrastructures on the rural households’ livelihood strategies. The empirical assessments elsewhere in Ethiopia and the circumstances on the rural livelihood in association with public infrastructures have conferred the paucity of sociological research. This study used the pragmatist research philosophy that advocates ontological and epistemological mixes in an effort to minimize the gaps noted on the empirical knowledge. Accordingly, the research strategy employs the triangulation of quantitative and qualitative approaches. As mirror to the methodological triangulation, the analysis has followed a mixed design that combines descriptive and inferential techniques with the themes emerging through qualitative explorations. Cross-tabulation descriptive statistics and binary and multinomial logistic regression were employed. Consequently, the findings of the research revealed that public infrastructures have a significant influence on livelihood diversification strategies. Specifically, there were significant associations whereby households who have access to assume infrastructures did more likely engage in mixed livelihood diversification strategies than households who don’t have access to respective rural public infrastructures. The findings from qualitative data also emphasize indispensability of given public infrastructures for diversification of livelihood strategies. Thus, by including cultural elements of local people, responsible bodies should increase the required resources for the purpose of upgrading and managing public infrastructures particularly on all-weather roads.</p>

Retaining the Old Countryside, Embracing the New Countryside

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 77-110
Author(s):  
Tuan Anh Nguyen ◽  
Jamie Gillen ◽  
Jonathan Rigg
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Development Program ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Subsistence Farming ◽  
Diversification Strategies ◽  
Rural Development Program ◽  
The Creation ◽  
New Countryside

Vietnam’s New Rural Development program envisages the creation of a newly modern rural Vietnam. Drawing on fieldwork, this paper argues that the program has had little bearing on peasant livelihood strategies. The emergence of deagrarianization has not arisen as a result of the program but because of household interest in maintaining a diverse set of income activities. These two contrasting rural realities—the advance of deagrarianization against a backdrop of continued subsistence farming—coexist and are mutually supportive. Peasant livelihood diversification strategies have been perpetuated without much attention to broader state-led initiatives aimed at “reforming” the countryside.

scholarly journals Factors affecting extent of rural livelihood diversification in selected areas of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
MT Ahmed ◽  
H Bhandari ◽  
PU Gordoncillo ◽  
CB Quicoy ◽  
GP Carnaje
Keyword(s):  
Household Head ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Tobit Regression ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Migrant Household ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Poor Households ◽  
Major Factors

The study was carried out to investigate the patterns and extent of livelihood diversification in rural Bangladesh. It also identified the major factors affecting extent of livelihood diversification. The study drew a random sample of 500 rural farm households in Bangladesh through a multi-stage sampling technique. The primary data were collected using semi-structured questionnaires, and analyzed using descriptive statistics and statistical techniques. The results showed that remittance contributed the highest to the household income followed by petty business and rice farming. The estimated values of Simpson Index of Diversification (SID) showed that majority of the rural households had “medium” and “high” level diversified livelihood activities. Tobit regression analysis found that gender of the household head, household size and amount of credit had positive and significant effects; and number of migrant household member, dependency ratio, household assets, education of the household head and amount of savings had negative but significant effects on the extent of livelihood diversification. The small and medium landholding households were more likely to diversify their livelihoods compared to the functionally landless and large landholding households. The study recommended that non-farm employment opportunities should be expanded to combat poor households' vulnerability to shocks and income fluctuations. Functionally landless households should be given more attention to increase and diversify their incomes.SAARC J. Agri., 16(1): 7-21 (2018)

scholarly journals Assessment of Intervention Strategies for Addressing Agricultural Production Shocks in Tanzania: The Case of Rufiji, Mbarali and Sumbawanga Districts

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Peter Samwel ◽  
Elliott P. Niboye
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Information Access ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Irrigation Technologies

This study sought to gain in-depth understanding into smallholder farmers&rsquo; perceptions of intervention strategies for addressing agricultural production shocks in Tanzania. It involved identification of local policy and intervention strategies that can be used to address agricultural production shocks and build resilience among smallholder farmers in Tanzania. The study employed mixed research methodology, using primary data collected from six villages in Sumbawanga, Mbarali and Rufiji districts in Tanzania. Overall findings reveal that smallholder farmers have good knowledge of possible strategies for addressing agricultural production shocks. The farmers recommended local policy and intervention strategies for supporting them such as facilitation of access to credit and subsidies, reinforcing and strengthening informal social networks, supporting income diversification activities and introduction of crop insurance system. Other intervention strategies include introduction of participatory village land use plans, promoting information access and training to smallholder farmers and enhancing access to small-scale irrigation technologies. Based on these findings, the study recommends that policy makers and researchers should concentrate on understanding farmers&rsquo; perceptions in view of using local knowledge in the design and implementation of intervention strategies. The strength of farmers&rsquo; perceptions is that it is the outcome of farmers&rsquo; actual experience, and it is based on understanding of the local context. .The paper concludes that unless the strategies are fully implemented, agricultural production shocks will continue to affect smallholder farmers in rural Tanzania.

scholarly journals Sustainable Livelihood Strategies of The Riverine Communities at Sadong Jaya, Sarawak, Malaysia: Role of Capital Assets

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Swee Kiong Wong
Keyword(s):  
Flash Flood ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Livelihood Strategies ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Sustainable Livelihood ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Capital Assets

The aim of this paper is to explore the role of capital assets in sustaining the livelihoods of the riverine communities with special focus on physical and human capitals. The study was carried out at Sadong Jaya, a sub-district under Asajaya District, Samarahan, Sarawak. It is located at the lower Sadong River lying in the Southwest of Sarawak in the Borneo Island. Due to the dynamic nature of the local environment with its unique geographical location prone to flash flood and monsoon flood, it is crucial to examine the role of physical and human capitals in affecting livelihood strategies adopted by the local communities. A mixed method approach encompassing exploratory study and descriptive analysis was adopted. Multistage sampling techniques were used to select 11 villages along the lower estuarine, middle estuarine and upper estuarine areas, followed by systematic sampling technique employed to select 243 heads of households for face-to-face interviews to find out their livelihood strategies and vulnerabilities faced by them. Data collection involved observation techniques, two FGDs and in-depth interviews with various stakeholders. The findings show that riverine communities at Sadong Jaya utilize diversified livelihood strategies by optimizing the use of capital assets available to sustain their livelihoods. Communities who are better equipped with an enhanced and diversified assets base are more resilient. The study found that infrastructures such as roads and bridges, water supply, drainage systems, watergates and education facilities enable the riverine communities to intensify and diversify economic activities, widen job opportunities and market opportunities. As accessibility to education and training facilities is made available to the locals through better connectivity facilitated by various physical infrastructure, more riverine communities are involved in non-agricultural economic activities and out-migrating to cities and abroad. The paper concludes that provision of basic physical and educational amenities is crucially imperative as a policy recommendation to ensure that the riverine communities are able to enhance their livelihoods strategies for uplifting their standards of living.

scholarly journals Micro-Level Determinants of Livelihood Diversification in The Rural Areas of Tinsukia District of India

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4927-4931
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Household Head ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Livelihood Diversification ◽  
Rural People ◽  
Access To Credit ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
The Family ◽  
Micro Level ◽  
Made In

Livelihood diversification is a strategy to avoid the risk associated with shocks and to improve livelihood security. Different socio-economic and demographic factors influence the decision of livelihood diversification of households. An attempt has been made in this paper to identify the determinants of livelihood diversification of the rural people using primary data collected from 255 households of Tinsukia, one of the remote districts of India. This study, by employing the logistic regression model reveals that, at less than 10 percent probability level among 11 variables, six variables namely Age of the household Head (AGEH), Type of the Family (FAMILYT) Size of the Family (FAMILYS), Monthly Per Capita Income (MPCI), Access to Credit (CREDIT) and remittance (REMIT) are significant determinant of livelihood diversification. This study will help to formulate proper development policies on the part of various concerned authorities for supporting diversification in the rural areas.

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