scholarly journals One-Year Analysis of the Refractive Stability, Axial Elongation and Related Factors in a High Myopia Population after Implantable Collamer Lens Implantation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Chen ◽  
Zhi Chen ◽  
Huamao Miao ◽  
Xuanqi Wang ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Adult Age ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Length Changes ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the refractive stability, axial length changes and their related factors in a high myopia population after Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) implantation.Methods: This prospective study included 116 eyes of 116 patients divided into several groups based on the spherical equivalent refractive error (SE)—SE > -6D, -12 ≤ SE < -6D and SE < -12D groups—and axial length (AL)—AL < 28mm and AL ≥ 28mm groups. The uncorrected and corrected distance visual acuity, refraction, axial length and intraocular pressure were followed for 1 year.Results: SE changed from -11.53 ± 5.25D preoperatively to -0.33 ± 0.70D at 1 week, and further changed to -0.48 ± 0.77D at 1 year after ICL implantation, with average progression being -0.15 ± 0.37D from 1 week to 1 year after surgery. Axial length changed from 27.95 ± 2.33mm preoperatively to 27.98 ± 2.36mm 1 year after surgery, with an average axial elongation of 0.03 ± 0.12mm. The mean axial elongation rate was 0.05mm/year in the SE < -12D group, being significantly faster than the other SE groups (P < 0.05); it was 0.06mm/year in the AL ≥ 28mm group, being significantly faster than the AL < 28mm group (P < 0.05).Conclusion: Patients with high myopia and long axial length showed a continuous myopic progression and axial elongation at an adult age after ICL surgery, especially those with myopia higher than -12.0D and AL longer than 28.00mm.

scholarly journals Five-year outcomes of EVO implantable collamer lens implantation for the correction of high myopia and super high myopia

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xun Chen ◽  
Xuanqi Wang ◽  
Yilin Xu ◽  
Mingrui Cheng ◽  
Tian Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Refractive Error ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Uncorrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Corrected Distance Visual Acuity ◽  
Corneal Endothelial Cell Density ◽  
Safety Indices

Abstract Background To evaluate the long-term safety, efficacy, predictability, and stability of implantable collamer lens with a central hole (EVO ICL) implantation for correcting high myopia (HM) and super high myopia (SHM). Methods This prospective study evaluated 83 eyes of 46 patients who were divided into groups based on their spherical equivalent refractive error (SE): HM group (− 12 D ≤ SE < − 6 D) and SHM group (SE < − 12 D). They were followed up for 5 years after ICL implantation; assessments of uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA), manifest refractive error, axial length, intraocular pressure, corneal endothelial cell density, and vault were conducted, and a questionnaire was administered. ResuIts At 5 years postoperatively, the safety indices of the HM and SHM groups were 1.03 ± 0.10 and 1.32 ± 0.39, and the efficacy indices were 0.83 ± 0.25 and 0.86 ± 0.32, respectively. In the HM group, 60.47% and 79.07% of the eyes were within ± 0.50 D and ± 1.00 D of the attempted correction, while it was achieved for 22.50% and 47.50% of the eyes in the SHM group, respectively. The SE of the HM group decreased from  − 9.72 ± 1.41 D preoperatively to 0.04 ± 0.39 D 1 month postoperatively and − 0.67 ± 0.57 D 5 years postoperatively, while in the SHM group, it decreased from − 15.78 ± 3.06 D preoperatively to  − 0.69 ± 0.97 D 1 month postoperatively and − 1.74 ± 1.19 D 5 years postoperatively. Conclusion EVO ICL implantation is safe, effective, and predictable for correcting HM and SHM. CDVA improved more after surgery for SHM, but the growth of axial length still needs attention.

scholarly journals Glaucoma characteristics evaluation in myopia – A clinical study

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-199
Author(s):  
Helen Rosita J ◽  
Gnanaselvan J ◽  
Amudhavadivu S ◽  
Anna Kurian Mullasseril
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Optic Nerve Head ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Intra Ocular Pressure ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Ocular Pressure ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
High Degree

Glaucoma is the leading cause of irreversible blindness, one of the risk factor recognised being high myopia. Intra ocular pressure may be normal in myopic patients, with optic nerve head glaucoma characteristics. Eye ball elongation and optic nerve head tilting may be present in patients with high myopia that will represent field defects mimicking glaucoma. Treating patients with myopia having suspected aspects of glaucoma may be a challenge but even more challenging is the diagnosis of glaucoma in myopic patients.: To evaluate the association of glaucoma features with myopia. To create the awareness regarding the long term follow up.: Patients in the age group of 15 to 45 years who had attended our institution over a period of one year who fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria were subjected for this study. Fifty four patients who were diagnosed to have moderate or high degree myopia were selected for this analytical study. They were subjected to vision, ocular examination, tonometry and results obtained were analysed.: In our study moderate myopes constituted 55.5% and high myopes were 44.5%. The mean Intra ocular pressure and the mean corrected Intra ocular pressure in high myopes were observed to be higher than in moderate myopia. It was observed that higher prevalence of glaucoma was observed in high myopes.: There is a clinically as well as statistically significant difference between mean Intra ocular pressure and mean corrected Intra ocular pressure. So mean corrected Intra ocular pressure should be measured .From our study, there is a clear indication that there is increased prevalence of glaucoma in high myopes.

scholarly journals Congenital and developmental cataract surgery with undercorrected Intraocular lens (IOL) power implantation targeting emmetropia at 8 years of age and post-operative refractive status

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 126-129
Author(s):  
Kabindra Bajracharya ◽  
Anjita Hirachan ◽  
Kriti Joshi ◽  
Bimala Bajracharya
Keyword(s):  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Intraocular Lens ◽  
Axial Length ◽  
Iol Implantation ◽  
Refractive Status ◽  
Developmental Cataract ◽  
Iol Power ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: In congenital and developmental cataract primary undercorrection of intraocular lens (IOL) power is a common practice. However, long-term refractive status of these children is largely unknown. Aims and Objective: To analyse refractive status after cataract surgery with undercorrected IOL power implantation in congenital and developmental cataract. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive, retrospective conducted for three years from 1st January 2013 to 31st December 2015. The children (> 6 months to <=7 years of age) who underwent cataract surgery for congenital and developmental cataract with a primary IOL implantation and had reached the age of 8 years were studied. The data were collected in terms of demography, axial length, biometry, IOL implanted, hyperopic correction and postoperative refractive status at 8 years. Results: Total numbers of children operated were 181 with total eyes 288. Unilateral cases were 74 (40.88%) and bilateral 107 (59.12%). Male were 121 (66.85%) and female were 60 (33.15%) with male is to female ratio of 2:1. Right eye was involved in 152 (52.8%) and left eye 136 (47.2%). The mean axial length at the age of one year was 20.75 mm, and gradually increased as age increased which was 22.47 mm at 6 years. The mean biometry was 27.9 diopter (D) at the age of one year which gradually decreased as age increased. Of the total 288 congenital cataract operated, complete follow-up documents were available for 77 (26.74%) eyes up to 8 years which showed emmetropia achieved in 25.97%, myopia in 28.57% and hypermetropia in 45.45%. Conclusion: Primary IOL implantation with hyperopic correction is accepted practice in congenital and developmental cataract. Emmetropia can be achieved however some hyperopic or myopic refractive status at the age of 8 years is not a surprise. Myopic shift continues as the age increases. Parent awareness for early detection and surgery, optical correction and regular follow-up are essential for good outcome.

scholarly journals Lag of accommodation predicts clinically significant change of spherical equivalents after cycloplegia

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (7) ◽  
pp. 1052-1058
Author(s):  
Cheng-Cheng Jin ◽  
◽  
Bei Du ◽  
Gui-Hua Liu ◽  
Nan Jin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Female Group ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Lag Of Accommodation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Clinically Significant

AIM: To evaluate related factors with the change of spherical equivalents (ΔSE) and determine the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE (≥0.50 D) with cyclopentolate hydrochloride on Chinese children. METHODS: A total of 145 right eyes of 145 children aged 4 to 15y were enrolled. Intraocular pressure, axial length and lag of accommodation (LOA) were assessed before cycloplegia induced by 3 drops of 1% cyclopentolate at 5-minute intervals. SE was measured before and 1h after the first drop of cyclopentolate. ΔSE was compared between different gender groups and among refractive groups. Multivariate linear regression analysis was performed to find related factors with ΔSE. ROC analysis was used to figure out the suitable predictor of clinically significant ΔSE. RESULTS: For the total 145 eyes, the mean SE reached up to -0.70±1.86 D from -1.30±1.62 D, with the mean ΔSE of 0.60±0.55 D. The mean ΔSE were 0.63±0.55 D and 0.57±0.56 D respectively in the male and female group (P=0.40). The mean ΔSE was significantly different among different refractive groups (P<0.0001), with the ΔSE of hyperopia group (1.12±0.64 D) larger than that of the emmetropia (0.56±0.43 D, P=0.001) and myopia group (0.32±0.28 D, P<0.0001). The ΔSE was correlated with LOA (B=-0.54, P<0.0001), cycloplegic SE (B=0.10, P<0.0001) and age (B=-0.04, P=0.015). ROC curve indicated that LOA predicted clinically significant ΔSE by 82% [area under the curve (AUC)=0.82] alone, while the value was slightly improved to 85% (AUC=0.85) in combination with axial length and 86% (AUC=0.86) in association with axial length as well as age. CONCLUSION: After cycloplegia with cyclopentolate, the ΔSE decreases with larger LOA, longer axial length and older age. Specifically, LOA plays a more vital role in predicting clinically significant ΔSE.

scholarly journals Implantable Collamer Lens for Correction of Refractive Errors in Patients with Keratoconus following Collagen Cross-Linking: One Year Follow-up

2014 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassenien Safa Shuber
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Cross Linking ◽  
Refractive Errors ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Uncorrected Visual Acuity ◽  
Efficacy Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year ◽  
Collagen Cross Linking

ABSTRACT Objective The purpose of this study is to assess the predictability, safety, efficacy and stability of correction of refractive errors in patients with keratoconus using Visian implantable collamer lens (ICL) following collagen cross-linking. Materials and methods This prospective, non-comparative study evaluated 20 eyes of 14 patients with keratoconus subjected to implantation of intraocular collamer lens at least 1 year following collagen cross-linking and stable refraction. Mean preoperative myopia was −8.43 ± 5.13 Diopters (D) (–3.5 to −20.0D and mean cylinder was −2.19 ± 1.28D (0.0 to −4.5D). The preoperative spherical equivalent (SE) was −9.52 ± 5.33D (–3.75 to −21.25D). During the 12 months follow-up, uncorrected visual acuity, best corrected visual acuity, refraction, intraocular pressure and vaulting are measured. Results At 12 months postoperatively, 90% of eye had refractive cylinder of <1.0D with (p = 0.003) and 20 (100%) eyes was within ±0.75D of sphere at 1 year (r2 = 0.99) and (p = 0.0085). The mean postoperative BCVA in decimal was 0.498 ± 0.232, while the mean preoperative BCVA was 0.484 ± 0.285. The safety index at 12 months was 1.02. The mean postoperative UCVA in decimal was 0.498 ± 0.232 and the mean preoperative BCVA is 0.484 ± 0.29 and the efficacy index at 12 months was 1.01. Conclusion Implantation of Visian Intraocular collamer lens is predictable, safe and effective way to correct refractive error in patients with keratoconus following collagen cross-linking. How to cite this article Shuber HS. Implantable Collamer Lens for Correction of Refractive Errors in Patients with Keratoconus following Collagen Cross-Linking: One Year Follow-up. Int J Kerat Ect Cor Dis 2014;3(1):29-35.

scholarly journals Effect of Violet Light-Transmitting Eyeglasses on Axial Elongation in Myopic Children: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 5462
Author(s):  
Kiwako Mori ◽  
Hidemasa Torii ◽  
Yutaka Hara ◽  
Michiko Hara ◽  
Erisa Yotsukura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Suppressive Effect ◽  
Myopia Progression ◽  
Axial Elongation ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Violet Light ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Double Blinded ◽  
Near Work

The fact that outdoor light environment is an important suppressive factor against myopia led us to invent violet light-transmitting eyeglasses (VL glasses) which can transmit violet light (VL), 360–400 nm in wavelength, for the suppression of myopia, and can meanwhile block harmful ultraviolet waves from sunlight. The current study is a double-blinded randomized clinical trial to investigate the myopia-suppressive effect of VL glasses compared to conventional eyeglasses (placebo glasses) that do not transmit VL. The subjects were children aged from 6 to 12 years old, the population in which myopia progression is generally accelerated, and the myopia suppressive effect was followed up for two years in a city in Japan. Periodical ophthalmic examinations, interviews, and measurements of reflection and axial length under mydriasis were performed at the initial visit (the baseline) and at 1, 6, 12, 18, and 24 months. The mean change in axial length in the VL glasses group was significantly smaller than in the placebo glasses group when time for near-work was less than 180 min and when the subjects were limited to those who had never used eyeglasses before this trial (p < 0.01); however, this change was not significant without subgrouping. The suppressive rate for axial elongation in the VL glasses group was 21.4% for two years.

scholarly journals Two-Year Reproducibility of Axial Length Measurements after Combined Phacovitrectomy for Epiretinal Membrane, and Refractive Outcomes

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3493
Author(s):  
Tae Seen Kang ◽  
Yong-Il Shin ◽  
Cheon Kuk Ryu ◽  
Jung Yeul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
Intraclass Correlation ◽  
Prediction Errors ◽  
Epiretinal Membranes ◽  
Lens Position ◽  
Refractive Outcomes ◽  
Length Measurements ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Purpose: To determine the long-term reproducibility of axial length measurements and mean postoperative prediction errors after combined phacovitrectomy in patients with idiopathic epiretinal membranes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Methods: The study included 43 patients who underwent combined phacovitrectomy and 30 patients who underwent only phacoemulsification. To determine the effect of vitrectomy, we compared patients treated with phacoemulsification only versus those treated with combined phacovitrectomy. Axial lengths were measured three times with a one-year interval, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), coefficient of variation (CV), and test–retest standard deviation (TRTSD) were assessed. Results: There was no significant change in axial length, and axial length measurements showed high reproducibility in all groups. ICC, CV, and TRTSD values were 0.997, 0.24%, and 0.056, respectively, for the vitrectomized eyes. The mean postoperative prediction error was −0.37 diopters(D) in vitrectomized eyes (p < 0.001), while it was +0.11 D in patients with phacoemulsification (p = 0.531). The myopic shift was more obvious in eyes with a shallower anterior chamber (p = 0.008) and a thicker lens (p = 0.025). Conclusions: Axial length measurements showed excellent long-term reproducibility at 2 years after combined phacovitrectomy. Myopic shifts were observed after combined phacovitrectomy, which was probably due to changes in the effective lens position after combined phacovitrectomy, rather than to changes in the axial length.

scholarly journals Outcomes of implantable collamer lens V4 and V4c for correction of high myopia – a case series

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 164-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Smita Karandikar ◽  
Vipul Bhandari ◽  
Jagdeesh Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Visual Acuity ◽  
Intraocular Pressure ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Visual Outcome ◽  
Visual Disability ◽  
Implantable Collamer Lens ◽  
Distant Visual Acuity ◽  
The Mean

Objective: To evaluate the visual outcomes and intraocular pressure changes after Visian Implantable Collamer Lens (ICL) implantation V4b and V4c (with centraflow technology) for correction of myopia. Materials and methods: A prospective, consecutive, comparative interventional case series of V4b and V4c ICL implantation done for correction of high myopia (>-6 diopter D) in patients unsuitable for laser vision correction. The outcome measures that were evaluated included preoperative and postoperative uncorrected distant visual acuity (UDVA), best spectacle corrected distant visual acuity (CDVA), endothelial cell count (ECC), presence of lens opacification, intraocular pressure (IOP) and ICL vaulting. A follow-up of upto 1 year was done. A questionnaire was given at the end of follow-up period. Results: A total of 30 eyes (24.56±4.8 years) underwent V4b ICL implantation (10 non-toric, 20 toric ICL-TICL) with intraoperative peripheral iridectomy (PI) and 34 eyes (26.13±3.8 years) had implantation of V4c ICL with centraflow (12 non-toric, 22 TICL). The mean preoperative manifest spherical equivalent (MSE) was 8.98±2.8 D and 9.24±2.4 D in the V4b and V4c groups respectively which reduced to postoperative values of -0.28±1.3 D and -0.19±1.18 D respectively. The mean preoperative astigmatism was -1.8±1.2 diopter cylinder (Dcyl) and -1.9±1.6 Dcyl which respectively reduced to -0.8±0.8 Dcyl and -0.9±0.3 Dcyl. At the end of 1 year follow up, mean ECC loss was 7.6% and 7.1%, mean vault was 583.12±231.12 μ and 602±241.24μ respectively in the V4b and V4c groups. Anterior subcapsular opacities were present in 6.66% and 2.94% of eyes with V4b and V4c groups respectively. Two eyes from both V4b (10%) and V4c (8.33%) had rotation of more than 30 degrees and required re-rotation surgery done successfully. Two eyes (6.66%) with V4b ICL implantation had high postoperative IOP (>35 mm Hg) and required Nd:Yag laser iridotomy later done with successful control of IOP. The safety indices were 1.12 and 1.15 and efficacy indices were 1.5 and 1.6 in the V4b and V4c groups respectively at the end of 1 year. The most common visual complaint was glare and haloes in 24% and 27% in the two groups respectively. However, they were not annoying enough to cause visual disability. Conclusions: Both V4b and V4c Visian ICL implantations are comparable in terms of visual outcome and safety profile for correction of high myopia. However, V4c ICL offers these advantages without the requirement of an additional PI. 

scholarly journals Acircularity and Circularity Indexes of the Foveal Avascular Zone in High Myopia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helong Piao ◽  
Yue Guo ◽  
Haowei Zhang ◽  
Mi Sun Sung ◽  
Sang Woo Park
Keyword(s):  
Axial Length ◽  
High Myopia ◽  
Major Axis ◽  
Foveal Avascular Zone ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Circularity Index ◽  
Avascular Zone ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Size And Morphology ◽  
Specific Influence

Abstract We explored the association between foveal avascular zone (FAZ) parameters and high myopia using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA). To evaluate the specific influence of high myopia on the FAZ, we divided 106 eyes of 106 patients into quartiles based on the axial length. The upper quartile was then defined as the high myopia group (n = 27), while the lower quartile was the non-high myopia group (n = 26). The FAZ parameters of these two groups were then retrospectively compared to investigate variations in FAZ size and morphology. The mean axial length and spherical equivalent were 23.96 ± 0.94 mm and -2.27 ± 1.58 diopters in the non-high myopia group and 27.42 ± 0.36 mm and -8.12 ± 2.14 diopters in the high myopia group, respectively. The areas of superficial and deep FAZ, perimeters of deep FAZ, major axis lengths of deep FAZ, minor axis lengths of superficial and deep FAZ were significantly larger in eyes with high myopia than in eyes with non-high myopia (P < 0.05). Linear regression analyses showed that no significant correlation was observed between FAZ areas and acircularity and circularity index of FAZ in non-high myopia group, conversely, FAZ areas strongly correlated with acircularity and circularity index of FAZ in high myopia group. We found that An increase in the FAZ area in highly myopic eyes was accompanied by a significant variation in FAZ acircularity and circularity indexes. Further research should address whether these findings are associated with future disease development in highly myopic eyes.

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