scholarly journals Contact Toxicity of Insecticides and Biopesticides to Trichogramma Chilonis Ishii. (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) under Laboratory Condition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kartik S Nidagundi ◽  
DN Kambrekar ◽  
C. P. Mallapur
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Trichogramma Chilonis ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Metarhizium Rileyi ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
The One ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Dry Film

Abstract Integration of insecticides and biological controls is an important tactic of Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Trichogramma chilonis is a promising natural enemy of many lepidopteran insect pests. However, this hymenopteran egg parasitoid is adversely affected by most insecticides. Contact toxicity of nineteen insecticides and three biopesticides on adults of T. chilonis was investigated by using dry film residue bioassays under laboratory conditions. Profenofos and chlorpyrifos were highly lethal to the adults even at sublethal doses followed by dimethoate, spinosad, indoxacarb and acephate + imidacloprid. Diafenthiuron, nimbecidine and flubendiamide were categorised as less toxic. The biopesticides viz., Metarhizium anisopliae, Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium rileyi were found innocuous to T. chilonis. The studysuggests that the insecticides with less toxicity and biopesticides with apparently no harmful effects on the parasitoid can be used in conjunction with parasitoids in IPM programmes. This will also advice the plant protectionists in avoiding the one with detrimental effects on this hymenopteran wasp with appropriate timing of application that controls the pests without adversely affecting their natural enemies

scholarly journals Trichogramma chilonis, an effective egg parasitoid for control of white stem borer Scirpophaga innotata (Walker), (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) in rice

2021 ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousif Rahimoon ◽  
Abdul Ghani Lanja ◽  
Aslam Bukero ◽  
Babar Hussain Chang ◽  
Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Stem Borer ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Control Agent ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Trichogramma Chilonis ◽  
The World ◽  
Parasitoid Population ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae

Rice an important staple food crop of the world, which is attacked by the various insect pests, among them the stem borers are the most destructive pests, distributed in all rice growing areas of the world and cause the severe losses. This research investigated the efficacy of the parasitoid Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) to control the white stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata) in rice. In this respect the field studies were conducted in lower Sindh, Pakistan for the year, Kharif - 2017 and 2018. Trichogramma egg parasitoid over 230 species are reported to have been remained in biological control of insect pests of over 200 insect species belonging to 70 different families, mainly the order Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthroptera and Thysnoptera, in order to manage the white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis (Ishii) was used as a bio-control agent. The Studies revealed that T. chilonis proved an effective biocontrol strategy against white stem borer of rice. The result of this study could be useful in an integrated pest management program for the management of white stem borer of rice the Trichogramma chilonis. Keywords: Stem borer, Biocontrol, Parasitoid, Population suppression.

scholarly journals Morphogenetic traits of the egg parasitoid Trichogramma for controlling certain date palms lepidopteran insect pests in the New Valley Governorate

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Farouk A. Abdel-Galil ◽  
Sara E. Mousa ◽  
Moustafa M. A. Rizk ◽  
Gaber H. Abo El- Hagag ◽  
Abd El-Latif Hesham
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Egg Parasitoid ◽  
Date Palms ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect

scholarly journals Methyl Benzoate Is Superior to Other Natural Fumigants for Controlling the Indian Meal Moth (Plodia interpunctella)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 23
Author(s):  
Md Munir Mostafiz ◽  
Errol Hassan ◽  
Rajendra Acharya ◽  
Jae-Kyoung Shim ◽  
Kyeong-Yeoll Lee
Keyword(s):  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Plodia Interpunctella ◽  
Methyl Benzoate ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Fumigant Toxicity ◽  
Indian Meal Moth ◽  
Indian Meal ◽  
Food Commodities

The Indian meal moth, Plodia interpunctella (Hübner) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), is an insect pest that commonly affects stored and postharvest agricultural products. For the control of insect pests and mites, methyl benzoate (MBe) is lethal as a fumigant and also causes contact toxicity; although it has already been established as a food-safe natural product, the fumigation toxicity of MBe has yet to be demonstrated in P. interpunctella. Herein, we evaluated MBe as a potential fumigant for controlling adults of P. interpunctella in two bioassays. Compared to the monoterpenes examined under laboratory conditions, MBe demonstrated high fumigant activity using a 1-L glass bottle at 1 μL/L air within 4 h of exposure. The median lethal concentration (LC50) of MBe was 0.1 μL/L air; the median lethal time (LT50) of MBe at 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, and 1 μL/L air was 3.8, 3.3, 2.8, and 2.0 h, respectively. Compared with commercially available monoterpene compounds used in pest control, MBe showed the highest fumigant toxicity (toxicity order as follows): MBe > citronellal > linalool > 1,8 cineole > limonene. Moreover, in a larger space assay, MBe caused 100% mortality of P. interpunctella at 0.01 μL/cm3 of air after 24 h of exposure. Therefore, MBe can be recommended for use in food security programs as an ecofriendly alternative fumigant. Specifically, it provides another management tool for curtailing the loss of stored food commodities due to P. interpunctella infestation.

scholarly journals Synthesis and biological activities of two camptothecin derivatives against Spodoptera exigua

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fulai Yang ◽  
Liping Wang ◽  
Lan Zhang ◽  
Yanning Zhang ◽  
Liangang Mao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Topoisomerase I ◽  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Beet Armyworm ◽  
Esterification Reaction ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Compound A ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Insecticidal Activities

AbstractCamptothecin (CPT), a natural alkaloid isolated from Camptotheca acuminata Decne, is found to show potential insecticidal activities with unique action mechanisms by targeting at DNA-topoisomease I (Top1) complex and inducing cell apoptosis. To improve the efficacy against insect pests, two camptothecin (CPT) derivatives were synthesized through introducing two functional groups, 2-nitroaminoimidazoline and 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane by esterification reaction. The insecticidal activities of these two derivatives were evaluated at contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and topoisomerase I (Top1) inhibitory activities comparing with CPT and hydroxyl-camptothecin (HCPT). Results showed that compound a, synthesized by introducing 2-nitroaminoimidazoline to CPT, apparently increased contact toxicity to the third larvae of beet armyworm, Spodoptera exigua, and cytotoxicity to IOZCAS-Spex-II cells isolated from S. exigua. However, the inhibition on DNA relaxation activity of Top1 was reduced to less than 5 percentage even at high concentrations (50 and 100 μM). For introducing 1-chloro-2-isocyanatoethane to HCPT, the contact toxicity, cytotoxicity and Top1 inhibitory activity of synthesized compound b were increased significantly compared to CPT and HCPT. These results suggested that both synthesized compounds possessed high efficacy against S. exigua by targeting at Top1 (compound b) or novel mechanism of action (compound a).

scholarly journals Travel-Related Influencer Content on Instagram: How Social Media Fuels Wanderlust and How to Mitigate the Effect

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 855
Author(s):  
Björn Asdecker
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Behavioral Change ◽  
Travel Behavior ◽  
Environmental Attitudes ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Net Zero ◽  
Benign Envy ◽  
The One ◽  
Harmful Effects

Tremendous efforts will be required in the coming decades to limit the harmful effects of climate change. This includes travel behavior, which not only has a significant impact on climate but also affects the perceived justice and trust necessary to manage the transition to net zero successfully. Technologies such as social media can promote behavioral change; unfortunately, also for the negative. Drawing on social comparison theory, social identity theory, and the theory of planned behavior, this study uses a PLS-SEM model to investigate if and under which circumstances exposure to travel-related content posted by professional influencers affects their followers’ travel intentions. It extends previous studies by explicitly focusing on influencers that use Instagram to make a living and considers the effect of pro-environmental attitudes. On the one hand, it shows that influencers are not only responsible for their travel behavior. Their content stimulates their audiences’ wanderlust through benign envy. On the other hand, the study suggests that reinforcing pro-environmental attitudes can help mitigate the negative climate effects of imitating influencer travel behavior.

scholarly journals Potentials of the Extracts of Algerian Saharan Plant Cotula cinerea for the Management of Two Insect Pests, Aphis fabae and Tribolium castaneum

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Fatma Acheuk ◽  
◽  
Kemais Abdellaoui ◽  
Wassima Lakhdari ◽  
Nora Chahbar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tribolium Castaneum ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Aphis Fabae ◽  
Insect Species ◽  
Contact Toxicity ◽  
Phytochemical Study ◽  
Insecticidal Effect ◽  
Cotula Cinerea ◽  
Synergetic Action

The insecticidal potential of the Saharan plant Cotula cinerea, was evaluated on two insect species namely Aphis fabae and Tribolium castaneum by topical application (contact toxicity) and repellency test. A crude ethanolic extract of aerial part of the plant was prepared and tested in the laboratory on adults of both species. For contact toxicity, five doses were tested on each of the two species 1.56, 3.12, 6.25, 12.5 and 25 mg/ml for A. fabae and 25, 50, 250, 350 and 500 µg/insect for T. castaneum. The repellency of the extract was studied at the dose 500 μg/insect for T. castaneum and 25 µg/ml for A. fabae. Results showed that the repellency of the extract increased with exposure time and the highest rates were observed after 4 h of exposure (72.33 ± 22% for T. castaneum and 87 ± 3.6% for A. fabae). For insecticidal activity, at the highest doses (25 mg/ml and 500 µg/ml), 100% mortality is obtained 72 h after treatment for A. fabae and after 48 h for T. castaneum. The extract of this plant was found to be more toxic against T. castaneum adults. LD50 calculated 24 h after treatment for the two species is estimated at 1.7 mg/ml for A. fabae and at 30.3 µg/insect for T. castaneum. The extract of this plant inhibited the activity of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) in both insect species. This result suggests that this plant has a neurotoxic effect on A. fabae and T. castaneum. The results of phytochemical study showed that the plant is mainly rich in flavonoids, gallic tannins, alkaloids, saponosides and glucosides. The insecticidal effect obtained in this study could be due to the synergetic action of all constituents of the extract. Results suggest the possibility of using the extracts of this plant in integrated pest management to replace the chemical insecticides.

scholarly journals Pesticide application has little influence on coding and non-coding gene expressions in rice

BMC Genomics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sajid Muhammad ◽  
Jingai Tan ◽  
Pingchuan Deng ◽  
Tingting Li ◽  
Haohua He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Potential Role ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Pesticide Application ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Number Of Genes ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
Transcriptomic Changes ◽  
Harmful Effects ◽  
Host Genes

Abstract Background Agricultural insects are one of the major threats to crop yield. It is a known fact that pesticide application is an extensive approach to eliminate insect pests, and has severe adverse effects on environment and ecosystem; however, there is lack of knowledge whether it could influence the physiology and metabolic processes in plants. Results Here, we systemically analyzed the transcriptomic changes in rice after a spray of two commercial pesticides, Abamectin (ABM) and Thiamethoxam (TXM). We found only a limited number of genes (0.91%) and (1.24%) were altered by ABM and TXM respectively, indicating that these pesticides cannot dramatically affect the performance of rice. Nevertheless, we characterized 1140 Differentially Expressed Genes (DEGs) interacting with 105 long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that can be impacted by the two pesticides, suggesting their certain involvement in response to farm chemicals. Moreover, we detected 274 alternative splicing (AS) alterations accompanied by host genes expressions, elucidating a potential role of AS in control of gene transcription during insecticide spraying. Finally, we identified 488 transposons that were significantly changed with pesticides treatment, leading to a variation in adjacent coding or non-coding transcripts. Conclusion Altogether, our results provide valuable insights into pest management through appropriate timing and balanced mixture, these pesticides have no harmful effects on crop physiology over sustainable application of field drugs.

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