scholarly journals The Photograph Registration of Petri Dishes in High Quality and Image Editing of Microbiological Testing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleverson Rodrigues ◽  
Grace Queiroz David ◽  
André Rodrigues dos Reis
Keyword(s):  
Color Variation ◽  
Image Editing ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Microbiological Testing ◽  
Reliable Representation ◽  
Petri Dishes ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Microbiological Research

Abstract Science is based on evidence that can be measured or observed through methodical techniques which are expressed in several ways, either quantitatively or qualitatively. The technical photograph becomes one of the most important key tools to the result’s disclosure. In the microbiological research, several pieces of evidence can be indicated with variables that are deeply related to the means of culture; pH and color variation, halo formation, overlay of structures, culture shape, among others. The employment of technical photographs, as a strategy of the experimental observation and reliable representation, is indispensable. The protocol presented here suggests the production of the photographic support in microbiological tests runs on Petri dishes, taken by a smartphone to obtain high-quality images, besides showing tools to edit images through PowerPoint. The support is composed of a paper tube with a transparent border, whose reduced light penetration avoids problems, such as the luminous reflection over the Petri dishes or the environment itself. The edition consists of the photograph variation, and in clipping and pasting on uniform backgrounds to provide further detailing. The protocol allowed a standardized photograph collection in high quality, which is ideal for a comparative portrait of microbiological behaviors. The image editing enabled a framework and greater visibility of physical and biological structures in the exhibition of photographs inside the manuscript, such as the removal of noises, background alterations, deformities or irregularities. This protocol is a tool that helps the researcher on the knowledge-obtaining process, and it is applied to different experiments or adapted into the most variable research subjects.

scholarly journals Physiological and ecological consequences of the water optical properties degradation on reef corals

Coral Reefs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomás López-Londoño ◽  
Claudia T. Galindo-Martínez ◽  
Kelly Gómez-Campo ◽  
Luis A. González-Guerrero ◽  
Sofia Roitman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Population Decline ◽  
Light Availability ◽  
Potential Effect ◽  
Optical Quality ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Reef Corals ◽  
Orbicella Faveolata ◽  
Light Quantity ◽  
Reduced Light

AbstractDegradation of water optical properties due to anthropogenic disturbances is a common phenomenon in coastal waters globally. Although this condition is associated with multiple drivers that affect corals health in multiple ways, its effect on light availability and photosynthetic energy acquisition has been largely neglected. Here, we describe how declining the water optical quality in a coastal reef exposed to a turbid plume of water originating from a man-made channel compromises the functionality of the keystone coral species Orbicella faveolata. We found highly variable water optical conditions with significant effects on the light quantity and quality available for corals. Low-light phenotypes close to theoretical limits of photoacclimation were found at shallow depths as a result of reduced light penetration. The estimated photosynthetically fixed energy depletion with increasing depth was associated with patterns of colony mortality and vertical habitat compression. A numerical model illustrates the potential effect of the progressive water quality degradation on coral mortality and population decline along the depth gradient. Collectively, our findings suggest that preserving the water properties seeking to maximize light penetration through the water column is essential for maintaining the coral reef structure and associated ecosystem services.

scholarly journals Effects of canopy-mediated abrasion and water flow on the early colonisation of turf-forming algae

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bayden D. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Water Flow ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Physical Processes ◽  
Percentage Cover ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Flow Through ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Reduced Water

Algal canopies form predictable associations with the benthic understorey, and canopy-mediated processes may maintain these associations. Three canopy-mediated processes that are inherently linked are water flow through a canopy, abrasion of the substrate by the canopy, and light penetration. These processes were experimentally reduced to test the hypotheses that turf-forming algae would be: (1) positively affected by reduced abrasion by kelp canopies; (2) positively affected by reduced water flow; and (3) negatively affected by shading (reduced light). Biomass of turf-forming algae was greater when abrasion was reduced, but less when light was reduced. In contrast to predictions, reduced water flow had a negative effect on the percentage cover and biomass of turf-forming algae, rejecting the second hypothesis. It seems, however, that this negative effect was caused by an increase in shading associated with reduced canopy movement, not a reduction of water flow per se. None of the factors accounted for all of the change seen in understorey algae, indicating that it is important to study the interactive effects of physical processes.

Research: A Factor Analysis of Internal Service Constructs in the Lodging Industry: The Employee Factors

1997 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Mount
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Service Quality ◽  
Lodging Industry ◽  
Extended Model ◽  
Quality Service ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Analysis Study ◽  
High Quality Service

Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry's Extended Model of Service Quality has received a great deal of attention in various disciplines. Nearly all the work on this model has addressed either the dimensionality of the consumer service perceptions or the way in which the model measures quality. Only one work has been identified that addressed the internal components of their model. It is critical that organizations understand the internal factors that affect the delivery of a high quality service experience. This research subjects the internal constructs identified by Parasuraman, Zeithaml and Berry to a factor analysis study in the lodging industry. This research found that the employee factors did not function as proposed. New factors are identified based on exploratory factor analysis anda comparison of the two models is presented.

Percid Habitat: The River Analogy

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (10) ◽  
pp. 1936-1940 ◽  
Author(s):  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
Murray G. Johnson ◽  
C. Kenneth Minns ◽  
Kenneth H. Loftus ◽  
Lorne Greig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Current Velocity ◽  
Perca Flavescens ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Habitat Conditions ◽  
Reproductive Patterns ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Growth And Reproduction

We propose that the optimum habitat of the percid fishes Perca flavescens, P. fluviatilis, Stizostedton vitreum vitreum, and S. lucioperca in lakes may be defined by the littoral and sublittoral environmental conditions equivalent to those in large, temperate rivers. Analogous habitat conditions include sand or gravel substrate, low current velocity, reduced light penetration (Stizostedion spp. only), temperatures optimal for growth and reproduction, and well-oxygenated spawning substrates. The species' evolutionary origins and reproductive patterns also reflect their riverine ancestral habitat. Evidence in support of the hypothesis is derived from the diversity of papers contributed to the PERCIS Symposium. Key words: Percidae, habitat, theory, Perca, Stizostedion

Domination of mesophotic ecosystems in the Wakatobi Marine National Park (Indonesia) by sponges, soft corals and other non-hard coral species

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 771-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.J. Bell ◽  
J. Jompa ◽  
A. Haris ◽  
S. Werorilangi ◽  
M. Shaffer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
National Park ◽  
Coral Species ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Coral Triangle ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Soft Corals ◽  
Hard Coral ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Encrusting Organisms ◽  
Water Coral

AbstractMesophotic ecosystems have been relatively poorly studied in the Indo-Pacific and in particular within the Coral Triangle region. Here we used a mini-ROV to explore the changes in major benthic groups at two sites (~200 m apart) in the Wakatobi Marine National Park, SE Sulawesi, Indonesia spanning shallow water coral reefs (5 m) to deeper water mesophotic ecosystems (80 m). We found very similar patterns at both sites where coral cover peaked at 15 m, declined rapidly by 30 m, and was virtually absent at 50 m. As coral declined there was a marked increase in sponges, soft corals and other encrusting organisms (including ascidians, bryozoans, tubeworms, gorgonians and molluscs). Importantly, our results differ from most previous studies in other geographic locations where hard corals extend much deeper. It is unclear what drives this difference but it may be related to higher levels of turbidity and therefore reduced light penetration in the Wakatobi compared with other areas, which limits the vertical extent of coral development.

scholarly journals Classification of Paper Values Based on Citation Rank and PageRank

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-70
Author(s):  
Wataru Souma ◽  
Irena Vodenska ◽  
Lou Chitkushev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Citation Network ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Positive Linear Correlation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Number Of Citations ◽  
Multidisciplinary Sciences

AbstractPurposeThe number of citations has been widely used to measure the significance of a paper. However, there is a need in introducing another index to determine superiority or inferiority of papers with the same number of citations. We determine superiority or inferiority of papers by using the ranking based on the number of citations and PageRank.Design/methodology/approachWe show the positive linear correlation between Citation Rank (the ranking of the number of citation) and PageRank. On this basis, we identify high-quality, prestige, emerging, and popular papers.FindingsWe found that the high-quality papers belong to the subjects of biochemistry and molecular biology, chemistry, and multidisciplinary sciences. The prestige papers correspond to the subjects of computer science, engineering, and information science. The emerging papers are related to biochemistry and molecular biology, as well as those published in the journal “Cell.” The popular papers belong to the subject of multidisciplinary sciences.Research limitationsWe analyze the Science Citation Index Expanded (SCIE) from 1981 to 2015 to calculate Citation Rank and PageRank within a citation network consisting of 34,666,719 papers and 591,321,826 citations.Practical implicationsOur method is applicable to forecast emerging fields of research subjects in science and helps policymakers to consider science policy.Originality/valueWe calculated PageRank for a giant citation network which is extremely larger than the citation networks investigated by previous researchers.

scholarly journals Biological associations of color variation in the Indo-Pacific swimming crab Charybdis hellerii

2015 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 219-232 ◽  
Author(s):  
TIMOTEO T. WATANABE ◽  
FERNANDO J. ZARA ◽  
GUSTAVO Y. HATTORI ◽  
ALEXANDER TURRA ◽  
BRUNO S. SANT'ANNA
Keyword(s):  
Digital Image ◽  
Sexual Maturity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Color Variation ◽  
Image Editing ◽  
Color Differences ◽  
Commercial Program ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Female Abdomen

A marine biological invasion is a natural process accelerated by human activities, and the crab Charybdis hellerii is an example of a globally widespread invasive species. This study evaluated color variation in C. hellerii and its relationship to the sex, size and sexual maturity of these crabs, and compared the efficiency of a freeware digital image-editing program with a commercially available program. The color of the individuals was analyzed using standardized digital images. The color pattern varied significantly with size; smaller and immature individuals were darker than larger and mature ones. The female abdomen changed in morphology and color with sexual maturity, becoming wider and orange-colored. There was no statistical difference in the color values between males and females and immature males did not show morphological or color differences in their abdomen. This study highlights the possible relationships of the color and physiological state of the reproductive system, which could help in future studies of behavior, avoiding the need to dissect and/or remove individuals from nature for assessment of sexual maturity. The freeware program showed the same efficiency in digital image analysis as a widely known commercial program.

scholarly journals 589 Summer Pruning Effects on Leaf and Whole Canopy Gas Exchange in Apple Trees

HortScience ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 548C-548
Author(s):  
Kuo-Tan Li ◽  
Alan N. Lakso
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Light Interception ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
Shade Leaves ◽  
Reduced Light ◽  
Canopy Light Interception

Summer pruning is primarily used in apples to increase the light penetration into inner canopy to improve fruit color. However, summer pruning may reduce fruit size. We hypothesize that removing healthy exterior shoots reduces the whole-tree carbon supply in relation to pruning severity. If the crop load (i.e., demand) is high, fruit size and quality will be reduced. The effects of summer pruning on photosynthetic activity and recovery of shaded leaves after re-exposure were monitored on a range of exposures in canopies of `Empire' apple trees. The photosynthetic ability of leaves was positively related to its prepruning exposure. There was little recovery of photosynthetic activity of shade leaves until late growing season, indicating the re-exposure of shade leaves after summer pruning cannot replace the role of exterior leaves removed by pruning. Whole canopy net CO2 exchange (NCER) was measured on `Empire'/M9 trees with a commercial range of pruning severity. Reductions in NCER were approximately proportional to pruning severity and % leaf area removed and were as great as 60% in the most severe pruning. Canopy light interception decreased slightly. The effects on canopy NCER thus appeared to be primarily related to reduced photosynthetic efficiency and secondarily to reduced light interception.

Effect of Wild Oat (Avena fatua) Infestations on Light Interception and Growth Rate of Wheat (Triticum aestivum)

Weed Science ◽  
1991 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W. Cudney ◽  
Lowell S. Jordan ◽  
Anthony E. Hall
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Early Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Light Penetration ◽  
Hard Red Spring Wheat ◽  
Wheat Leaves ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Reduced Light

Wild oat reduced light penetration and growth of dwarf hard red spring wheat in field experiments performed under nonlimiting nitrogen and moisture conditions. Wild oat grew taller than wheat and had a greater portion of its canopy above 60 cm at maturity. Light penetration in a mixed canopy was similar to that in a monoculture wheat canopy when wild oat was clipped to the height of the wheat. A mathematical model was developed which accurately predicted the reduction in the growth rate of wheat from wild oat interference. The model also predicted that interference from wild oat was due to reduced leaf area of wheat at early growth stages and low wild oat densities, and reduced light penetration to wheat leaves at later growth stages and higher densities of wild oat.

scholarly journals FINANCING MANAGEMENT OF SCHOOL OPERATIONAL FUND (BOS) IN IMPROVING LEARNING AT BABAHROT STATE JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOLS (SMPN) OF SOUTHWEST ACEH REGENCY

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 206
Author(s):  
Hasmawati Hasmawati ◽  
Murniati AR ◽  
Nasir Usman
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Junior High Schools ◽  
Fund Management ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
High Quality ◽  
School Committee ◽  
Management Objectives ◽  
Standard Quality

Abstract:In achieving the management objectives used and the resources that run them, this research objectives are: knowing the planning, use, supervision, control, and obstacle of BOS fund management to improve the quality of learning. The data collection method used qualitative method and data collection techniques through: observation, interviews and documentation studies. The research subjects were the principal, vice principal, treasurer, school committee, vice curriculum, and teachers. The results showed that the planning was formulated through RAPBS or RKAS by involving the deputy head, treasurer and committee, the use of funds in accordance with technical guidelines, supervision carried out by schools and agencies, accountability in the form of reports reported by the treasurer, and the obstacles faced were the procurement of school necessities that are not as desired. This means that when procuring high-quality school needs, it must adjust to standard quality, then there will be no BOS fund overrun.Abstrak:Dalam mencapai tujuan organisasi dipengaruhi manajemen yang diterapkan dan sumber daya yang menjalankannya, sesuai dengan itu tujuan penelitian ini adalah: untuk mengetahui perencanaan, penggunaan, pengawasan, pertanggungjawaban serta kendala dalam pengelolaan dana BOS untuk meningkatkan kualitas pembelajaran. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan metode kualitatif dan teknik pengumpulan data melalui: observasi, wawancara dan studi dokumentasi. Subjek penelitian adalah kepala sekolah, wakil kepala sekolah, bendahara, komite sekolah, wakilkurikulum, dan guru. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa perencanaan dirumuskan melalui RAPBS atau RKAS dengan melibatkan Wakil Kepala, bendahara serta komite, penggunaan dana sesuai dengan juknis, pengawasan dilaksanakan oleh pihak sekolah dan dinas, pertanggungjawaban berupa laporan yang dilaporkan oleh bendahara, dan kendala yang dihadapi adalah pengadaan barang kebutuhan sekolah yang terkadang tidak sesuai dengan yang diinginkan. Artinya pada saat pengadaan kebutuhan sekolah dengan kualitas tinggi harus menyesuaikan kualitas yang standar tidak terjadi pembengkakan dana BOS. 

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