Prevalence and Risk Factors of Anaemia Among Children Under Five Years in Ghana: Analysis From the Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

Abstract Background: Childhood anaemia remains a public health challenge in developing countries, mostly in children under five years in Sub-Sharan Africa. Anaemia in children is a preventable condition; however, it has serious consequences including growth retardation, low cognitive functioning, poor immune system causing an increased susceptibility to diseases, and death. This study determined the prevalence and associated risk factors of anaemia among children under five years in Ghana. Methods: Data from the most recent Ghana Demographic and Health Survey (DHS-VIII) was analysed in this study. Anaemia was examined as a binary variable- anaemic (coded as 1) and non-anaemic (coded as 0). The explanatory variables included age, child’s malaria vaccination status, mother’s number of antenatal visits and household source of drinking water. Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression model were conducted to identify the risk factors of anaemia in the defined population. Results: 2,434 children aged 6-59 months were included in this analysis. The majority were males (50.5%), aged from 24-42 months (36.1%), and had received malaria vaccine (94.3%). The prevalence of anaemia in the population was 58.35% (95%CI=52.72-63.96). The logistic regression indicated that female children under five years in Ghana are less likely to have anaemia than male children under five years [aOR= 0.74, 95% CI=0.62-0.88, p<0.001]. Also, children with malaria had about two times the odds of anaemia than those without malaria [95% CI = 1.28-1.87, p<0.001]. Further, children whose mothers had received tertiary education were less likely to have anaemia [aOR= 0.60, 95% CI=0.38-0.96, p=0.03] than those whose mothers had no formal education.Conclusion: The prevalence of anaemia is high among children under five years in Ghana, and this prevalence is determined by child’s age and malaria status, maternal education, household wealth index, and place of residence. Consequently, anaemia prevention and management strategies must prioritise these factors to reduce the anaemia prevalence in this population.

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Risk Factors for Stunting Among Children Under Five Years of Age in the Eastern and Western Provinces of Rwanda: Analysis of Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey 2014/2015

SSRN Electronic Journal ◽

10.2139/ssrn.3379825 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Samuel Habimana ◽

Emmanuel Biracyaza

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Survey ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

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Risk factors of diarrhea of children under five in Malawi: based on Malawi Demographic and Health Survey 2015–2016

Journal of Global Health Science ◽

10.35500/jghs.2019.1.e45 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 1 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Juyoung Moon ◽

Jae Wook Choi ◽

Jiyoung Oh ◽

KyungHee Kim

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Survey ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

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Trends in the Prevalence and Associated Contributing Factors of Stunting in Children Under Five Years of Age. Secondary Data Analysis of 2005, 2010 and 2014-2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Surveys

Rwanda Journal of Medicine and Health Sciences ◽

10.4314/rjmhs.v3i1.9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 71-85

Author(s):

Révérien Rutayisire ◽

Clémentine Kanazayire ◽

Germaine Tuyisenge ◽

Cyprien Munyanshongore

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Prevalence Rates ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Squared

Background Stunting affects more than 161 million children under five years of age worldwide. Rwanda has a high prevalence of stunted children under five years of age (~38%) according to the 2014-2015 Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey. Objectives The aim of this study is to compare the prevalence rates of stunting in Rwanda using the Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey data of 2005, 2010 and 2014-2015. Methods The three Rwanda Demographic and Health Survey cross-sectional studies into consideration were conducted in 2005, 2010 and in 2014-2015. Stunting prevalence rates from those surveys were compared using Pearson's chi-squared tests and Marascuilo procedure using STATA (StataCorp. 2013. Stata Statistical Software: Release 13. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.). Results The Pearson's chi-squared tests and Marascuilo procedure used in this research confirmed a significant difference between the reported three RDHS stunting prevalence rates. The trends in the stunting prevalence rates among children under five years of age showed a decrease of 13% in stunting prevalence rate, falling from 51%in 2005 to 38%in 2014-15. Conclusion A statistical analysis based on2005, 2010 and 2014-15 RDHS surveys datasets confirmed that there is a statistically significant reduction in stunting prevalence rates over that decade(from 51% in 2005 to 38%in 2014-2015). The main persistent associated factors with stunting were the age, sex, size at birth, residence place of the child, and the mother’s educational level and household wealth index. Keywords: Stunting; children under five years; demographic and health survey; nutrition; Rwanda

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Trends and Determinants of Underweight among Children under Five Years in Ethiopia: Further Analysis with Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey 2005–2016—Multivariate Decomposition Analysis

Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1155/2022/6663756 ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 2022 ◽

pp. 1-11

Author(s):

Tilahun Yemanu Birhan ◽

Dessie Abebaw Angaw

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Research Question ◽

Decomposition Analysis ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

The Difference ◽

The Government

Background. Underweight is one of the paramount major worldwide health problems, and it traces a big number of populations from infancy to old age. This study aimed to analyze the trends and predictors of change in underweight among children under five years in Ethiopia. Method. The data for this study were accessed from three Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data sets 2005, 2011, and 2016. The trend was examined separately for the periods 2005–2011, 2005–2016, and 2011–2016. Multivariate decomposition analysis of change in underweight was employed to answer the major research question of this study. The technique employed the output from the logistic regression model to parcel out the observed difference in underweight into components, and STATA 14 was utilized for data management and analysis. Result. Perceiving the overall trend, the rate of underweight was decreased from 38% in 2005 to 24% in 2016. The decomposition analysis results revealed that, about 12.60% of declines in underweight have been explained by the difference in population characteristics or endowments (E) over the study period. The size of the child at birth, husband’s education, women’s education, and household wealth index contributed significantly to the compositional decline in underweight. Conclusion. The magnitude of underweight among children under five years indicates a remarkable decline over the last ten years in Ethiopia. In this study, two-twelfth of the overall decrease in underweight among children under five years over the decade was due to the difference in characteristics between 2005 and 2016. Continuing to educate the population and boost the population’s economy is needed on the government side in Ethiopia.

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Risk factors for stunting among children under five years: a cross-sectional population-based study in Rwanda using the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-019-6504-z ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Alphonse Nshimyiryo ◽

Bethany Hedt-Gauthier ◽

Christine Mutaganzwa ◽

Catherine M. Kirk ◽

Kathryn Beck ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Health Survey ◽

Population Based ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five

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Unhygienic stool-disposal practices among mothers of children under five in Cambodia: Evidence from a demographic and health survey

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0249006 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (7) ◽

pp. e0249006

Author(s):

Pisey Vong ◽

Pannee Banchonhattakit ◽

Samphors Sim ◽

Chamroen Pall ◽

Rebecca S. Dewey

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Number Of Children ◽

The Impact

Background Unhygienic disposal of children’s stools affects children’s health in terms of their susceptibility to many diseases. However, there are no existing studies into the impact of unhygienic stool disposal in Cambodia. Therefore, this study aimed to identify factors associated with the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools among children under the age of five in Cambodia. Methods An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted using data from the Cambodia Demographic and Health Survey (CDHS) 2014. A multivariable binary logistic regression was conducted using Stata to analyze factors associated with the unhygienic disposal of children’s stools. Results Overall, the prevalence of practicing unhygienic disposal of children’s stools was 29.27% (95%CI: 27.51%- 31.09%). Factors statistically associated with this practice were: living in the Central Plain, Plateau and Mountains, Coastal and Sea regions (AOR = 1.65; 95% CI: 1.33–2.04), (AOR = 2.53; 95% CI: 1.98–3.24) and (AOR = 4.16; 95% CI: 3.15–5.48) respectively, poor household wealth (AOR = 1.58; 95% CI: 1.31–1.91), the mother having no education (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.14–1.85), a high number of children aged under five (AOR = 1.11; 95% CI: 1.03–1.20), being in the “other” religious category (AOR = 1.77; 95% CI: 1.25–2.51), living in a household with unimproved toilet facilities (AOR = 1.22; 95% CI: 1.11–1.34), living in a household with inadequate hygiene (AOR = 1.33; 95% CI: 1.12–1.59), and the household not being visited by a family planning worker in the last year (AOR = 1.45; 95% CI: 1.19–1.77). However, an increase in the child’s age by even a month had significant negative associations with unhygienic practice (AOR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.60–0.70), even when controlling for other covariates. Conclusion Almost one third of the mothers do not practice hygienic disposal of children’s stools in Cambodia. Unhygienic practices were more prevalent in certain regions, and were also associated with low wealth, lack of education, an increase in the number of children under five in the household, religion, lack of sanitation and access to healthcare professionals. Conversely, the child’s age was found to be positively associated with the hygienic disposal of children’s stools.

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Trends and determinants of undernutrition among young Kenyan children: Kenya Demographic and Health Survey; 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008–2009

Public Health Nutrition ◽

10.1017/s1368980012002856 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 15 (9) ◽

pp. 1715-1727 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Peninah K Masibo ◽

Donald Makoka

Keyword(s):

Health Survey ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Child Nutrition ◽

Maternal Education ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Demographic And Health Surveys ◽

Double Burden ◽

Percentage Points

AbstractObjectiveTo report on the trends and determinants of undernutrition among children <5 years old in Kenya.DesignData from four nationwide Kenya Demographic and Health Surveys, conducted in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2008–2009, were analysed. The Demographic and Health Survey utilizes a multistage stratified sampling technique.SettingNationwide covering rural and urban areas in Kenya.SubjectsThe analysis included 4757, 4433, 4892 and 4958 Kenyan children aged <5 years in 1993, 1998, 2003 and 2009–2009, respectively.ResultsThe prevalence of stunting decreased by 4·6 percentage points from 39·9 % in 1993 to 35·3 % in 2008–2009, while underweight decreased by 2·7 percentage points from 18·7 % in 1993 to 16·0 % in 2008–2009. The effects of household wealth, maternal education and current maternal nutritional status on child nutrition outcomes have changed dynamically in more recent years in Kenya. Inadequate hygiene facilities increased the likelihood of chronic undernutrition in at least three of the surveys. Small size of the child at birth, childhood diarrhoea and male gender increased the likelihood of undernutrition in at least three of the surveys. Childhood undernutrition occurred concurrently with maternal overnutrition in some households.ConclusionsThe analysis reveals a slow decline of undernutrition among young children in Kenya over the last three decades. However, stunting and underweight still remain of public health significance. There is evidence of an emerging trend of a malnutrition double burden demonstrated by stunted and underweight children whose mothers are overweight.

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Does Antenatal Care Translate into Skilled Birth Attendance? Analysis of 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey

Advances in Public Health ◽

10.1155/2019/6716938 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Linus Baatiema ◽

Edward Kwabena Ameyaw ◽

Aliu Moomin ◽

Mukaila Mumuni Zankawah ◽

Doris Koramah

Keyword(s):

Logistic Regression ◽

Antenatal Care ◽

Health Survey ◽

Tertiary Education ◽

Binary Logistic Regression ◽

Skilled Birth Attendance ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Rural Setting ◽

Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽

Birth Attendance

Background. Despite the high antenatal care attendance rate in Ghana, skilled birth attendance is relatively low. There is limited evidence on whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth attendance in the Ghanaian research discourse. This study investigates whether antenatal care attendance translates into skilled birth. Methods. We extracted data from the 2014 Ghana Demographic and Health Survey. Data were analysed using descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses at 5% confidence interval. Results. The descriptive findings indicated a vast variation between antenatal care attendance and skilled birth attendance. Skilled birth attendance was consistently low across almost all sociodemographic characteristics as compared to antenatal care attendance. The binary logistic regression analysis however indicated higher inclination toward skilled birth attendance among women who had at least four antenatal care visits [OR=5.87, CI=4.86-7.08]. The category of women noted to have higher tendencies of skilled birth attendance was those with higher/tertiary education [OR=9.13, CI=2.19-37.93], the rich [OR=4.27, CI=3.02-6.06], urban residents [OR=2.35, CI=1.88-2.93], women with maximum of four children [OR=1.36, CI=1.08-1.72], and those using modern contraceptives [OR=1.24, CI=1.03-1.50]. Conclusion. We recommend that interventions to enhance skilled birth attendance must target women who do not achieve at least four antenatal visits, those with low wealth standing, those not using contraceptives, and women without formal education. Again, an in-depth qualitative study is envisaged to deepen the understanding of these dynamics in the rural setting.

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A Scoping Review of the Risk Factors Associated with Anaemia among Children Under Five Years in Sub-Saharan African Countries

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17238829 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (23) ◽

pp. 8829

Author(s):

Phillips Edomwonyi Obasohan ◽

Stephen J. Walters ◽

Richard Jacques ◽

Khaled Khatab

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Scoping Review ◽

Household Wealth ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Cochrane Library ◽

Children Under Five ◽

Contextual Risk ◽

Under Five ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Sub Saharan

Background/Purpose: Globally, anaemia is a severe public health condition affecting over 24% of the world’s population. Children under five years old and pregnant women are the most vulnerable to this disease. This scoping review aimed to evaluate studies that used classical statistical regression methods on nationally representative health survey data to identify the individual socioeconomic, demographic and contextual risk factors associated with developing anaemia among children under five years of age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methods/Design: The reporting pattern followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) guidelines. The following databases were searched: MEDLINE, EMBASE (OVID platform), Web of Science, PUBMED, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PsycINFO, Scopus, Cochrane library, African Journal of online (AJOL), Google Scholar and Measure DHS. Results: The review identified 20 relevant studies and the risk factors for anaemia were classified as child-related, parental/household-related and community- or area-related factors. The risk factors for anaemia identified included age, birth order, sex, comorbidities (such as fever, diarrhoea and acute respiratory infection), malnutrition or stunting, maternal education, maternal age, mother’s anaemia status, household wealth and place of residence. Conclusion: The outcome of this review is of significant value for health policy and planners to enable them to make informed decision that will correct any imbalances in anaemia across socioeconomic, demographic and contextual characteristics, with the view of making efficient distributions of health interventions.

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