scholarly journals Salivary Cortisol and Infrared Thermographic Ocular Temperature Use as Biomarkers during Endurance Competitions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Cardoso de Mira ◽  
Elsa Lamy ◽  
Rute Santos ◽  
Jane Williams ◽  
Mafalda Vaz Pinto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Competition Level ◽  
Modest Level ◽  
Objective Quantification ◽  
Ocular Temperature

Abstract Objective quantification of effort and distress during endurance rides through biomarkers could help manage competitions more effectively and monitor horse welfare through an evidence-based approach. This study aimed to determine if salivary cortisol (SC) and ocular temperature measured by infrared thermography (IRTOT) are related to the outcome in endurance competitions. Saliva was collected and IRTOT measured from 61 and 14 horses, respectively, competing at qualifier 40km and 80km rides at Pre-Inspection (PI) and Vet Gates (VG). The variation of the baseline SC at the PI (median±IQR=0.27ng/dl±0.36) into VG1 was abrupt (93-256% rise) and in the next VGs either decreased or rose at a very modest level. Less experienced horses in the 40km ride showed a significantly (p<0.05) higher IRTOT (median±IQR=35.7ºC±1.4) at the PI, than their counterparts in the 80Km ride (median±IQR=35. ºC ±1.5). Horses classifying in the Top5, in the 40 km ride category had significantly (p=0.05) higher SC levels (median±IQR=0.90ng/ml ±0.61) at the PI, than horses positioned from 10th position on (median±IQR = 0.16ng/ml ±0.40). A lower IRTOT in the PI was correlated with a better placement (p>0.05) and those in the Top5 (median±IQR = 33.9ºC ±0.0) had a higher variation (+10.65%) into the last VG. A 62% predictive value for elimination (80% sensibility and 82% specificity) where SC is higher than 0.23ng/ml is advanced. SC and IRTOT can be potentially used in association to characterise physical effort and emotional stress in endurance competitions, but its significance to performance has to be put in context with the competition level.

Development of an Evidence-Based Approach to External Quality Assurance for Breast Cancer Hormone Receptor Immunohistochemistry: Comparison of Reference Values

2011 ◽  
Vol 135 (7) ◽  
pp. 874-881
Author(s):  
Nikita Makretsov ◽  
C. Blake Gilks ◽  
Reza Alaghehbandan ◽  
John Garratt ◽  
Louise Quenneville ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Estrogen Receptor ◽  
Quality Assurance ◽  
Progesterone Receptor ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
External Quality Assurance ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
External Quality ◽  
Test Sensitivity

Abstract Context.—External quality assurance and proficiency testing programs for breast cancer predictive biomarkers are based largely on traditional ad hoc design; at present there is no universal consensus on definition of a standard reference value for samples used in external quality assurance programs. Objective.—To explore reference values for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor immunohistochemistry in order to develop an evidence-based analytic platform for external quality assurance. Design.—There were 31 participating laboratories, 4 of which were previously designated as “expert” laboratories. Each participant tested a tissue microarray slide with 44 breast carcinomas for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor and submitted it to the Canadian Immunohistochemistry Quality Control Program for analysis. Nuclear staining in 1% or more of the tumor cells was a positive score. Five methods for determining reference values were compared. Results.—All reference values showed 100% agreement for estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor scores, when indeterminate results were excluded. Individual laboratory performance (agreement rates, test sensitivity, test specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and κ value) was very similar for all reference values. Identification of suboptimal performance by all methods was identical for 30 of 31 laboratories. Estrogen receptor assessment of 1 laboratory was discordant: agreement was less than 90% for 3 of 5 reference values and greater than 90% with the use of 2 other reference values. Conclusions.—Various reference values provide equivalent laboratory rating. In addition to descriptive feedback, our approach allows calculation of technical test sensitivity and specificity, positive and negative predictive values, agreement rates, and κ values to guide corrective actions.

scholarly journals Circulating Platelet Aggregates During Emotional Stress and Cigarette Smoking

1977 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.F. Gensini ◽  
R. Abbate ◽  
D. Prisco ◽  
G.G. Neri Serneri
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Medical Students ◽  
Cigarette Smoking ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Normal Values ◽  
Circulating Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Platelet Aggregates ◽  
Clinically Significant

Increased platelet aggregation has been observed in various hypercoagulable states, but its predictive value for thrombosis is so far uncertain. We studied the effect of emotional stress and of cigarette smoking on circulating platelets by platelet aggregates ratio (PAR) according to Wu and Hoak (1974.) in medical students aged 20-22 years. The emotional stress was undergoing a University examination.PAR was measured immediately before the examination, at the end and 15 and 30 min after the examination.PAR was significantly lowered in all the subjects at the end (P<0.0l) and after 15 min (P<0.0l) but returned toward normal values after 30 min. The decrease of PAR suggests the production of reversible circulating platelet aggregates. The effect of smo=king a cigarette has been investigated in 8 students. PAR has been determined before smoking, at the end and after 2,5 and 10 min. Smoking lasted 4 min. In 5 subjects we observed a decrease of PAR at 2 min (P< 0. 01), whereas at 5 and 10 min PAR value became normal. Lettuce cigarette smoke did not affect PAR value. Our results indicate that: 1) – Platelet aggregates are very easily produced in circulating blood; 2)- A low value of PAR does not necessarily indicate a platelet hy=peraggregability clinically significant.

Infrared thermography processing to characterize emotional stress: a pilot study

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Gomez de Mariscal ◽  
A. Munoz-Barrutia ◽  
J. de Frutos ◽  
A.P. Gonzalez-Marcos ◽  
A.M. Ugena Martinez
Keyword(s):  
Pilot Study ◽  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Emotional Stress

Athletic Training Educators' Knowledge, Comfort, and Perceived Importance of Evidence-Based Practice

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cailee E. Welch ◽  
Bonnie L. Van Lunen ◽  
Stacy E. Walker ◽  
Sarah A. Manspeaker ◽  
Dorice A. Hankemeier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Athletic Training ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Athletic Training Educators ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Terminal Degree

Context: Before new strategies and effective techniques for implementation of evidence-based practice (EBP) into athletic training curricula can occur, it is crucial to recognize the current knowledge and understanding of EBP concepts among athletic training educators. Objective: To assess athletic training educators' current knowledge, comfort, and perceived importance of evidence-based concepts. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Setting: Online survey instrument. Patients or Other Participants: 141 respondents (28.3% response rate) from a convenience sample of 498 athletic training educators. Main Outcome Measure(s): Demographic information and knowledge, comfort, and perceived importance of 11 EBP concepts (definition of EBP, steps of EBP, reliability, validity, intra-class correlation coefficient, kappa coefficient, specificity, sensitivity, likelihood ratio, positive predictive value, negative predictive value) were obtained. Results: Participants' overall EBP knowledge score was 64.4%. Characteristics associated with higher knowledge scores were terminal degree (69.92% ± 10.36, P &lt; .001), hours of research per week (66.96% ± 12.61, P = .029), and hours of teaching-related tasks conducted per week (67.47% ± 12.48, P = .002). Overall EBP comfort was 2.37/4.0 (“uncomfortable”). Characteristics associated with higher comfort scores were terminal degree (2.51 ± 0.67, P = .017), hours of research per week (2.52 ± 0.69, P = .025), and EBP workshops previously attended (2.56 ± 0.66, P = .002). Overall EBP perceived importance was 3.34/4.0 (“important”). The characteristic associated with higher importance scores was hours of research per week (3.44 ± 0.45, P = .009). Conclusions: Athletic training educators' current knowledge of EBP concepts needs to be improved. This study indicates that athletic training educators are uncomfortable with evidence-based concepts, yet believe it is important for curricular implementation. The future development of workshops and teaching models should focus on the varying levels of EBP concepts. Distinguishing modes for curricula implementation might also be an effective way to increase knowledge, comfort, and perceived importance levels.

Evidence-Based Validation of the Predictive Value of the American Association for the Surgery of Trauma Kidney Injury Scale

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 933-939 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahrokh F. Shariat ◽  
Claus G. Roehrborn ◽  
Pierre I. Karakiewicz ◽  
Gurleen Dhami ◽  
Key H. Stage
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
American Association ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
Evidence Based

scholarly journals Development of a Prototype Lateral Flow Immunoassay of Cortisol in Saliva for Daily Monitoring of Stress

Biosensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 146
Author(s):  
Elizaveta Panfilova
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Adrenal Cortex ◽  
Emotional Stress ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Lateral Flow ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Lateral Flow Immunoassay ◽  
Daily Monitoring

Emotional stress negatively affects the quality of a person’s daily life. From a physiological point of view, stress is expressed in the excitation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal cortex axis, which leads to the release of the hormone cortisol into the blood. We developed a lateral flow immunoassay to detect cortisol in human salivary fluid and tested it on 10 healthy volunteers daily for about one month n = 293 saliva samples). Cortisol was detected in concentrations ranging from 1 to 70 ng/mL. Salivary cortisol levels were confirmed by ELISA. The straightness range of LFIA calibration was from 1 to 100 ng/mL. The diagnostic sensitivity of the method was 73%. It was found that in 3 out of 10 subjects, fluctuations in the level of cortisol in saliva partially corresponded to the subjectively assessed level of stress.

scholarly journals Salivary cortisol levels as a predictor of preeclampsia in adolescents

2012 ◽  
pp. 46-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaime Salvador-Moysén ◽  
José M Ramírez-Aranda ◽  
Yolanda Martínez-López ◽  
Marisela Aguilar-Durán
Keyword(s):  
Roc Curve ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Pregnant Adolescents ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Student’S T ◽  
Nested Case Control ◽  
Control Study

Objective: To determine the usefulness of salivary cortisol as a predictor of preeclampsia in adolescents. Methods: We carried out a nested case- control study. Somatometric, clinical, and biochemical data were obtained from 100 healthy pregnant adolescents and salivary cortisol was measured at 8:00, 12:00, and 20:00 hours on two occasions during pregnancy, before 20 weeks, and after 30 weeks of gestation. The cortisol values between the group of healthy pregnant women and the group that developed preeclampsia were compared by using the Student’s t, Mann-Whitney, and Wilcoxon tests. Also, the ROC curve of cortisol values and the Positive and Negative Predictive values of cortisol were estimated. Results: Values >14.9 nmol/L of cortisol were observed in the group that developed preeclampsia, providing a positive predictive value of 1 (100%). Values <10.1 nmol/L were observed in the control group, the negative predictive value was 1 (100%). The cutoff point of the ROC curve -before 20 weeks of gestation- in the members of the cohort was 13.9 nmol/L. Conclusions: The salivary cortisol values observed in the two evaluations made to each of the groups showed statistically significant differences between the groups at 8 and 12 hours of the day. The values obtained enable establishing gradients that allow separating the group of healthy women that got ill with preeclampsia from the group that did not develop the illness before week 20. After week 30, the cortisol gradients are established more clearly in the group with preeclampsia and in the control group. The validation of these findings in larger samples would allow implementing this procedure as a screening test for preeclampsia in groups of pregnant adolescents.

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