Relationship of Electrical Properties and Partical Size of Piezoelectric Ceramics Fabricated by Digital Light Processing 3D Printing

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kai Liu ◽  
Jiaming Hu ◽  
Yusheng Shi ◽  
Chenyang Zhou ◽  
Yunfei Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Piezoelectric Sensor ◽  
Piezoelectric Ceramics ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Partical Size ◽  
Functional Ceramics

Abstract To improve electrical properties of BaTiO3 piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by 3D printing, effects of particle sizes was investigated on rheological and curing properties of ceramic slurries, electrical properties of BaTiO3 fabricated by Digital Light Processing 3D printing method. It was found that the curing ability of ceramic slurries decreased first and then increased with the increase of particle size from 136 nm to 1486 nm, while the viscosity of the slurries kept decreasing. When the particle size in a range of submicron, the grain size of sintered ceramics decreased from 13.27 μm to 6.84 μm as particle size increasing. Immediately, the relative density, piezoelectric constant, relative permittivity and remanent polarization of sintered ceramics were measured and it turns out to reach 95.32%, 161.4 pC/N, 1512 and 7.59 uC/cm2 respectively while using the BaTiO3 powder with particle sizes of 993 nm. Finally, a cellular structural BaTiO3 ceramics was fabricated by using optimized powder and process parameters and packaged as a piezoelectric sensor, showing a good function of force-electricity conversion. These results demonstrated the feasibility of fabricating high-quality functional ceramics with designed geometry by Digital Light Processing.

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Digital Light 3D Printing using Biodegradable Polymeric Photoinitiators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
matthias sandmeier ◽  
nevena paunovic ◽  
Riccardo Conti ◽  
Hofmann Leopold ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Structure Property Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Vat photopolymerization 3D printing provides new</p><p>opportunities for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds and medical</p><p>devices. However, it usually requires the use of organic solvents or</p><p>diluents to dissolve the solid photoinitators, making this process</p><p>environmentally unfriendly, and not optimal for biomedical</p><p>applications. Here, we report biodegradable liquid polymeric</p><p>photoinitiators for solvent-free 3D printing of biodegradable polymeric</p><p>materials by digital light processing. These photoinitiators enable</p><p>systematic investigation of structure-property relationship of 3D</p><p>printing polymeric materials without the interference from the reactive</p><p>diluents and offer new perspectives for the solvent-free 3D additive</p><p>manufacturing of bioresorbable medical implants as well as other</p><p>functional devices.</p>

FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE ABSORPTION OF VITAMIN A

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1950 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-436
Author(s):  
J. M. LEWIS ◽  
SIDNEY Q. COHLAN ◽  
ANGELINA MESSINA
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Small Particle Size ◽  
Fish Liver ◽  
Butter Fat ◽  
Fat Globule ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments carried out on infants revealed that vitamin A, as it occurs naturally in milk, was more effectively absorbed than when administered in an oily vehicle, but not quite as well absorbed as when given in an "aqueous" preparation. The high degree of absorbability of vitamin A in milk is due to the relatively small particle size of the butter fat globule. By reducing the particle size of a fish liver oil preparation (oleum percomorphum) to 1 to 2 µ by homogenization into milk or water, the absorption of vitamin A was considerably enhanced in children and in rats. The relationship of the particle size of the vehicle of vitamin A to absorption is further demonstrated by the results of the administration in children and in rats of three vitamin A preparations of varying particle size. Thus, the highest absorption occurred following the administration of a preparation containing particle size of submicroscopic proportion ("aqueous"); the lowest absorption resulted following the preparation containing particles macroscopic in size (oil) and intermediate absorption was observed following the use of a preparation containing particle sizes varying from 1 to 20 µ (emulsion). Similarly, in a child having cystic fibrosis of the pancreas, the absorption of vitamin A was dependent upon the particle size of the vehicle employed.

Application of X-Ray Fluorescence Analysis to Process Control

1961 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 486-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bernstein
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Process Control ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Fluorescence Analysis ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Direct Sampling ◽  
Precision And Accuracy ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThe application of X-ray fluorescence-analysis methods to process control is discussed. Various methods of sample preparation are reviewed and compared. The use of the direct sampling technique is discussed and consideration is given to the effects of particle size on precision and accuracy of analytical results. The mechanism of these effects if presented, and some general principles concerning the relationship of fluorescent intensities and particle sizes of pure materials and mixtures are derived. Examples of particle-size effects in cement and mining applications are illustrated.

53 Relationships Between Fecal Characteristics, Ruminal Ph, Intake and Digestion in Feedlot Cattle

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 153-154
Author(s):  
Chessa Brown ◽  
Kaylie Huizenga ◽  
Joshua C McCann
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Rumen Ph ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Fecal Ph ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract The objectives were to: 1) determine the relationship of fecal characteristics with ruminal pH, dry matter intake (DMI) and dry matter digestion and 2) determine the ability of fecal characteristics to predict ruminal pH, DMI, and dry matter digestion. Data were collected in two metabolism studies using eighteen ruminally cannulated steers (n = 36). Each study was a completely randomized design evaluating the effect of a direct-fed microbial during an acidosis challenge. Ruminal pH, DMI, total tract DM digestion and fecal characteristics (fecal pH, washed fecal particle size and mucin casts) were measured for 4 d after the acidosis challenge. Rumen pH was not correlated (P ≥ 0.15) with mucin cast score or mean fecal particle size but was negatively associated with fecal pH (r = -0.42; P &lt; 0.01). Total tract DM digestion was correlated (r ≥ 0.53; P ≤ 0.02) to fecal pH and fecal particle sizes between 1180 and 2360 µm. Dry matter intake was correlated (r ≥ 0.41; P &lt; 0.01) to mean fecal particle size and fecal particle sizes between 2360 and 4750 µm. Multiple regressions were performed with the GLMSELECT procedure of SAS 9.4 using stepwise selection. Ruminal pH was best predicted (r2 = 0.20) by fecal pH and fecal particle size between 1400 and 1700 µm. Total tract DM digestion was best predicted (r2 = 0.92) by fecal pH, mucin cast score, and fecal particle size between 3350 and 1700 µm. Dry matter intake was best predicted (r2 = 0.51) by mean fecal particle size, fecal pH and fecal particle size between 1400 and 850 µm. Overall, results indicated fecal pH was correlated to ruminal pH and total tract DM digestion. Fecal characteristics including washed particle size can also predict total tract DM digestion in feedlot cattle.

scholarly journals Solvent-Free Digital Light 3D Printing using Biodegradable Polymeric Photoinitiators

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
matthias sandmeier ◽  
nevena paunovic ◽  
Riccardo Conti ◽  
Hofmann Leopold ◽  
Jieping Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Systematic Investigation ◽  
Tissue Scaffolds ◽  
Solvent Free ◽  
Medical Implants ◽  
Structure Property ◽  
Digital Light Processing ◽  
Structure Property Relationship ◽  
Relationship Of

<p>Vat photopolymerization 3D printing provides new</p><p>opportunities for the fabrication of tissue scaffolds and medical</p><p>devices. However, it usually requires the use of organic solvents or</p><p>diluents to dissolve the solid photoinitators, making this process</p><p>environmentally unfriendly, and not optimal for biomedical</p><p>applications. Here, we report biodegradable liquid polymeric</p><p>photoinitiators for solvent-free 3D printing of biodegradable polymeric</p><p>materials by digital light processing. These photoinitiators enable</p><p>systematic investigation of structure-property relationship of 3D</p><p>printing polymeric materials without the interference from the reactive</p><p>diluents and offer new perspectives for the solvent-free 3D additive</p><p>manufacturing of bioresorbable medical implants as well as other</p><p>functional devices.</p>

Phase Structure, Microstructure and Electrical Properties of BCZT Ceramics Prepared by Seed-Induced Method

2016 ◽  
Vol 690 ◽  
pp. 45-50
Author(s):  
Wasuporn Hirunsit ◽  
Piewpan Parjansri ◽  
Uraiwan Intatha ◽  
Sukum Eitssayeam ◽  
Tawee Tunkasiri
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Dielectric Constant ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Phase Structure ◽  
Piezoelectric Coefficient ◽  
Perovskite Phase ◽  
Molten Salt Method ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Pure Perovskite Phase ◽  
Bczt Ceramic

The effect of particle sizes of CaZrO3 (CZ) nanocrystal on the phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of Ba0.85Ca0.15Zr0.10Ti0.90O3 (BCZT) was studied. The CaCO3 and ZrO2 were used as starting materials for CaZrO3 (CZ) seeds synthesized by the molten-salt method. The results were found that the CZ powder has a pure perovskite with the particle size about 370 to 460 nm. Then the CZ nanocrystals were mixed with the metal oxides BaCO3, CaCO3, ZrO2 and TiO2 by mixed oxide method. The phase structure, microstructure and electrical properties of BCZT ceramic were investigated as a function of particle size and concentration of CZ. The results indicated that all samples showed pure perovskite phase. The highest values of density, grain size, dielectric constant (εr) and piezoelectric coefficient (d33) were 5.50 g/cm3, 10.95 μm, 2992 and 446 pC/N, respectively which obtained at the CZ seed size 459 nm.

Synthesis and characterization of high-performance epoxy/ Ti3AlC2-reinforced conductive polymer composites

2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (26-27) ◽  
pp. 3861-3874 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayakumar M.P ◽  
Lingappa Rangaraj ◽  
Raja S
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Electrical Properties ◽  
Polymer Composites ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Filler Particle ◽  
Conductive Polymer ◽  
Simultaneous Increase ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Mechanical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Conductive Polymer Composites

Titanium aluminium carbide powder was reaction synthesized and used as reinforcement in the aircraft grade epoxy matrix (LY556) to develop a high-performance conductive polymer composite. The particle sizes of 4 and 7 µm were employed from 0 to 40 wt.% to improve the mechanical and electrical properties of conductive polymer composites. It was observed that the percolation characteristics were exhibited at a critical threshold of 20 wt.% for both the filler particle sizes. Further, microstructural observations revealed the formation of a conductive network in the conductive polymer composites when the filler content was 20 wt.%. The tensile and flexural properties were increased when the particle size was decreased. Experimental values were then compared with the available analytical models for validation. The mechanical and electrical properties of the conductive polymer composites were optimized by tailoring the filler particle size to 4 µm and particle loading at 20 wt.%. Compared to neat epoxy, the optimized conductive polymer composites have shown a simultaneous increase in strength, stiffness and conductivity performances, which can find applications in aerospace and electronics industries.

scholarly journals Studies on respiratory infection: I. The influence of particle size on respiratory infection with anthrax spores

1953 ◽  
Vol 51 (3) ◽  
pp. 359-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Druett ◽  
D. W. Henderson ◽  
L. Packman ◽  
S. Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Respiratory Infection ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Single Spore ◽  
Concentration Time ◽  
Anthrax Spores ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Experiments to determine the role of particle size in the infectivity of anthrax spores are described. Clouds of homogeneous particles were produced. The mortality-dosage curves for guinea-pigs and monkeys are given for clouds of various particle sizes. Data are given on the effect of time in the concentration-time relationship. The results are compared with those recorded by other workers on the relationship of particle size to respiratory retention.Infectivity was highest with single-spore clouds, falling off as particle size increased. Reasons are given for attributing this effect to difference in site of deposition of different-sized particles.

Surface energy of cellulosic materials: The effect of particle morphology, particle size, and hydroxyl number

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 565-576 ◽  
Author(s):  
YUCHENG PENG ◽  
DOUGLAS J. GARDNER
Keyword(s):  
Particle Size ◽  
Surface Energy ◽  
Particle Morphology ◽  
Nanofibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Particle Sizes ◽  
Hydroxyl Number ◽  
Small Individual ◽  
Dispersion Component ◽  
Commercial Applications ◽  
Lower Temperature

Understanding the surface properties of cellulose materials is important for proper commercial applications. The effect of particle size, particle morphology, and hydroxyl number on the surface energy of three microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) preparations and one nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) preparation were investigated using inverse gas chromatography at column temperatures ranging from 30ºC to 60ºC. The mean particle sizes for the three MCC samples and the NFC sample were 120.1, 62.3, 13.9, and 9.3 μm. The corresponding dispersion components of surface energy at 30°C were 55.7 ± 0.1, 59.7 ± 1.3, 71.7 ± 1.0, and 57.4 ± 0.3 mJ/m2. MCC samples are agglomerates of small individual cellulose particles. The different particle sizes and morphologies of the three MCC samples resulted in various hydroxyl numbers, which in turn affected their dispersion component of surface energy. Cellulose samples exhibiting a higher hydroxyl number have a higher dispersion component of surface energy. The dispersion component of surface energy of all the cellulose samples decreased linearly with increasing temperature. MCC samples with larger agglomerates had a lower temperature coefficient of dispersion component of surface energy.

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