scholarly journals Smoking and Family Cancer History Are Associated With Sarcomas in A Japanese Population Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Araki ◽  
Norio Yamamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Tanzawa ◽  
Takahiro Higashi ◽  
Katsuhiro Hayashi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Family Cancer History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Cancer

Abstract Background: Sarcoma is a rare cancer, and it is also the cause of the development of various kinds of sarcomas, such as gene abnormalities, which has recently becoming evident due to advances of genetic testing. The approach to solve the origin of diseases is essential to elucidate both the external environmental factors and the internal genetic factors. However, the lifestyle habits, lifestyle-related diseases, personal and family cancer history of sarcoma patients remain unclear.Methods: A total of 1320 sarcoma patients were enrolled in this study. A questionnaire on lifestyle habits, life-style diseases, and the patient’s personal and family cancer history was completed at presentation. A total of 1320 controls were selected by propensity score matching for age and gender. Smoking, drinking, obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and diabetes mellitus were compared. In addition, we investigated the incidence of a personal and family cancer history in sarcoma patients. Results: A smoking habit was the only independent risk factor for high-grade soft tissue sarcoma development in adults ≥20 years old (n=952), excluding low-grade and intermediate malignant soft tissue tumors (Odds ratio [OR], 2.45; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.88-3.20, p<0.001). The ORs of high-grade liposarcoma and undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) were 2.56 and 3.00, respectively. Eight percent of sarcoma patients had a personal history of another cancer. Thirty percent of soft tissue sarcoma patients had a family history of cancer in a first-degree relatives (malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor, 52%; leiomyosarcoma, 46%). Conclusions: We confirmed that a smoking habit were associated with the development of high-grade soft tissue sarcomas. A family history of cancer might be associated with certain soft tissue sarcomas, but a further investigation will be necessary.

scholarly journals Systemic Treatment for Soft Tissue Sarcoma: What is Standard, What is New

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. 64
Author(s):  
D.C. Jinga ◽  
D. Chetroiu
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Adjuvant Treatment ◽  
Kinase Inhibitors ◽  
Systemic Treatment ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
High Grade ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Treatment

Abstract Soft tissue sarcoma (STS) is a biologically heterogeneous malignancy with over 50 subtypes. This solid tumor is one of the most challenging diseases to treat for the medical oncologist. STS often forms in the body’s muscles, joints, fat, nerves, deep skin tissues, and blood vessels. The natural history of high-grade STS is characterized by a strong tendency toward local recurrence and metastatic spreading, despite optimal initial strategies. The lung is the most common site of metastases, with poor prognosis. We present the current international guidelines for the adjuvant treatment and systemic treatment for advanced STS and the new discoveries. Many new molecular targeting drugs have been tried in the last ten years, and some were approved for soft tissue sarcoma. The first approved was Imatinib, as a treatment for gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs). Following Imatinib, other tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) received the approval for GISTs such as Sunitinib and Regorafenib, and Pazopanib for non-GIST soft tissue sarcomas. In 2016, FDA approved the first monoclonal antibody that targets platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR)-α, Olaratumab. The new treatment demonstrates an overall survival advantage. In this review, we aimed to summarize the results from the most recent studies on adjuvant treatment for high-grade STS and systemic strategies for advanced STS.

Risk assessment in high grade sarcoma patients during neoadjuvant chemotherapy using multiple tracer PET

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 20006-20006
Author(s):  
J. F. Eary ◽  
E. Conrad ◽  
J. Link ◽  
A. Cizik ◽  
D. Mankoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Resistance ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Pet Imaging ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Hypoxic Volume

20006 Background: Patients with high grade soft tissue sarcomas are treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Sarcomas have biological features that may predict for poor outcome. Some of these features are tumor proliferation rate, level of tumor hypoxia, and upregulation of tumor drug resistance mechanisms. Methods: We have a group of specific PET imaging agents to quantify the level of activity of these tumor processes. Patients with soft tissue sarcomas receive [C-11]Thymidine (TdR) to assess cellular proliferation, [O-15] Water to quantify tumor blood flow and to serve as the input function for quantification of the other tracers, [C-11]Verapamil to assess drug resistance mechanism activity, and [F-18]Fluoromisonidazole) FMISO to quantify changes in tumor hypoxic volume in response to treatment. These studies are performed in a single PET imaging session prior to neoadjuvant chemotherapy, after the second of four cycles of therapy and in the week prior to resection. Results: An example of this complex study result, is demonstrated by a recent patient with a high grade soft tissue sarcoma. The tumor showed increased TdR uptake, a moderate hypoxic volume, and [C-11] verapamil uptake prior to initiation of neoadjuvant adriamycin based chemotherapy. After 2 cycles of therapy, there was a significant decrease in the maximum level and volume of TdR uptake and a large reduction in tumor hypoxic volume. Conclusions: These data would imply a high risk soft tissue sarcoma due the presence of increased cellular proliferation, a significant hypoxic volume and the absence of p-glycoprotein activity determined by the presence of [C-11]Verapamil uptake. However, early response is also suggested by the findings above. Patient outcome will be assessed and correlated with these tumor parameters to further understand what tumor biological risk factors can be quantified non-invasively and repeated throughout the clinical course in soft tissue sarcoma patients. Supported by NIH NCI PO1 42045–18 and S10 RR017229–01 [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.

Effectiveness of tablet family history collection in a multidisciplinary pancreatic tumor clinic in identifying patients with risk factors for hereditary cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. e13020-e13020
Author(s):  
Jessica Everett ◽  
Kara Schradle ◽  
Heather Cameron ◽  
Anisha Patel ◽  
Erika Koeppe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Pancreatic Tumor ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Referral Criteria ◽  
Counseling And Testing ◽  
Standard Family ◽  
Family Cancer History ◽  
History Of

e13020 Background: A substantial percentage of patients with pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) harbor pathogenic germline variants in known cancer risk genes, some with relevance for treatment options. Robust collection of relevant personal and family cancer history risk factors for all patients with PDAC is needed to optimize identification of those who could benefit from genetic counseling and testing (GC/GT). Methods: 464 adult patients (≥18 years of age) presenting to a multi-disciplinary pancreatic tumor clinic were invited to complete a tablet based family cancer history survey prior to their clinic appointments. Standard family history entry into electronic medical record (EMR) was reviewed for comparison. Eight GC/CT referral criteria were developed based on existing guidelines for known syndromes associated with PDAC, reported findings from studies of GC/GT outcomes in patients with PDAC, and expert opinion. Presence of any of the 8 criteria were documented for both tablet and EMR collection methods in the subset of patients with PDAC (n = 230). Results: Completion rate for the tablet survey was high (87%). 78% of users completed the survey in ≤15 minutes (x̄ = 12 minutes). 202 patients with PDAC (88%) completed the tablet survey, and 100 (50%) met ≥1 GC/GT criteria. Most frequent criteria identified were: ≥2 relatives with related cancers (28%); ≥1 relative with PDAC (12.9%); personal history of related cancer (12.9%). Tablet data collection improved identification of relatives with breast cancer ca < age 50 from 1.5% to 5.5% due to missing ages at diagnosis in the EMR. The tablet survey also identified 12 patients with Ashkenazi Jewish (AJ) ancestry (6%), a risk factor not accounted for in EMR. Conclusions: Tablet based family cancer history collection is well accepted by patients and easily integrated into clinic work flow. The tablet survey found GC/GT criteria in 50%, and improved identification of key risk factors for BRCA1/2 mutation (AJ ancestry, relative with breast ca < age 50). Further work should focus on integration of tablet based survey data into EMR, and decision support tools to optimize referral and follow through with genetic services.

scholarly journals Underestimation of Risk of a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation in Women With High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer by BRCAPRO: A Multi-Institution Study

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (12) ◽  
pp. 1249-1255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Molly S. Daniels ◽  
Sheri A. Babb ◽  
Robin H. King ◽  
Diana L. Urbauer ◽  
Brittany A.L. Batte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Genetic Testing ◽  
Family History ◽  
Brca2 Mutation ◽  
Model Performance ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Serous Ovarian Cancer ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
Family Cancer History ◽  
Brca1 Brca2

Purpose Identification of the 10% to 15% of patients with ovarian cancer who have germline BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations is important for management of both patients and relatives. The BRCAPRO model, which estimates mutation likelihood based on personal and family cancer history, can inform genetic testing decisions. This study's purpose was to assess the accuracy of BRCAPRO in women with ovarian cancer. Methods BRCAPRO scores were calculated for 589 patients with ovarian cancer referred for genetic counseling at three institutions. Observed mutations were compared with those predicted by BRCAPRO. Analysis of variance was used to assess factors impacting BRCAPRO accuracy. Results One hundred eighty (31%) of 589 patients with ovarian cancer tested positive. At BRCAPRO scores less than 40%, more mutations were observed than expected (93 mutations observed v 34.1 mutations expected; P < .001). If patients with BRCAPRO scores less than 10% had not been tested, 51 (28%) of 180 mutations would have been missed. BRCAPRO underestimated the risk for high-grade serous ovarian cancers but overestimated the risk for other histologies (P < .001), underestimation increased as age at diagnosis decreased (P = .02), and model performance varied by institution (P = .02). Conclusion Patients with ovarian cancer classified as low risk by BRCAPRO are more likely to test positive than predicted. The risk of a mutation in patients with low BRCAPRO scores is high enough to warrant genetic testing. This study demonstrates that assessment of family history by a validated model cannot effectively target testing to a high-risk ovarian cancer patient population, which strongly supports the recommendation to offer BRCA1/BRCA2 genetic testing to all patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer regardless of family history.

scholarly journals Variation of Second Cancer Risk by Family History of Retinoblastoma Among Long-Term Survivors

2012 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 950-957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth A. Kleinerman ◽  
Chu-ling Yu ◽  
Mark P. Little ◽  
Yi Li ◽  
David Abramson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Germline Mutation ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Second Cancer ◽  
History Of ◽  
Long Term Survivors

Purpose To evaluate the risk of second cancer (SC) in long-term survivors of retinoblastoma (Rb) according to classification of germline mutation, based on family history of Rb and laterality. Patients and Methods We assembled a cohort of 1,852 1-year survivors of Rb (bilateral, n = 1,036; unilateral, n = 816). SCs were ascertained by medical records and self-reports and confirmed by pathology reports. Classification of RB1 germline mutation, inherited or de novo, was inferred by laterality of Rb and positive family history of Rb. Standardized incidence ratios and cumulative incidence for all SCs combined and for soft tissue sarcomas, bone cancers, and melanoma were calculated. The influence of host- and therapy-related risk factors for SC was assessed by Poisson regression for bilateral survivors. Results We observed a relative risk (RR) of 1.37 (95% CI, 1.00 to 1.86) for SCs in bilateral survivors associated with a family history of Rb, adjusted for treatment, age, and length of follow-up. The risk for melanoma was significantly elevated for survivors with a family history of Rb (RR, 3.08; 95% CI, 1.23 to 7.16), but risks for bone or soft tissue sarcomas were not elevated. The cumulative incidence of SCs 50 years after diagnosis of bilateral Rb, with adjustment for competing risk of death, was significantly higher for survivors with a family history (47%; 95% CI, 35% to 59%) than survivors without a family history (38%; 95% CI, 32% to 44%; P = .004). Conclusion Rb survivors with bilateral disease and an inherited germline mutation are at slightly higher risk of an SC compared with those with a de novo germline mutation, in particular melanoma, perhaps because of shared genetic alterations.

scholarly journals Don’t cancel the surgery just yet! A case report of positive preoperative pregnancy test due to a soft tissue sarcoma production of ectopic beta human chorionic gonadotropin

Rare Tumors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 203636131878972
Author(s):  
Alan Todd Blank ◽  
Mazdak Khalighi ◽  
R Lor Randall ◽  
Kevin B Jones
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Immunohistochemical Staining ◽  
Elevated Serum ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Beta Human Chorionic Gonadotropin ◽  
Rare Group

Soft tissue sarcomas are a rare group of mesenchymal malignancies which can range from low to high grade. These tumors have different clinical, radiographic, and histopathological characteristics. Beta human chorionic gonadotropin is a naturally secreted hormone by placental syncytiotrophoblast cells during pregnancy. On very rare occasions, sarcomas can develop the ability to ectopically produce human chorionic gonadotropin. Very few cases exist in the literature of soft tissue sarcomas expressing this hormone. We report the case of a 55-year-old female who presented with a posterior thigh soft tissue sarcoma who on the day of surgical resection was found to have an unusually elevated serum human chorionic gonadotropin. Positive immunohistochemical staining of the resected mass confirmed the sarcoma as the source of the beta human chorionic gonadotropin.

Long-term results of a prospective randomized trial of adjuvant brachytherapy in soft tissue sarcoma.

1996 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 859-868 ◽  
Author(s):  
P W Pisters ◽  
L B Harrison ◽  
D H Leung ◽  
J M Woodruff ◽  
E S Casper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Distant Metastasis ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Complete Resection ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Disease Specific Survival ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Disease Specific

PURPOSE This trial was performed to evaluate the impact of adjuvant brachytherapy on local and systemic recurrence rates in patients with soft tissue sarcoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS In a single-institution prospective randomized trial, 164 patients were randomized intraoperatively to receive either adjuvant brachytherapy (BRT) or no further therapy (no BRT) after complete resection of soft tissue sarcomas of the extremity or superficial trunk. The adjuvant radiation was administered by iridium-192 implant, which delivered 42 to 45 Gy over 4 to 6 days. The two study groups had comparable distributions of patient and tumor factors, including age, sex, tumor site, tumor size, and histologic type and grade. RESULTS With a median follow-up time of 76 months, the 5-year actuarial local control rates were 82% and 69% in the BRT and no BRT groups (P = .04), respectively. Patients with high-grade lesions had local control rates of 89% (BRT) and 66% (no BRT) (P = .0025). BRT had no impact on local control in patients with low-grade lesions (P = .49). The 5-year freedom-from-distant-recurrence rates were 83% and 76% in the BRT and no BRT groups (P = .60), respectively. Analysis by histologic grade did not demonstrate an impact of BRT on the development of distant metastasis, despite the improvement in local control noted in patients with high-grade lesions. The 5-year disease-specific survival rates for the BRT and no BRT groups were 84% and 81% (P = .65), respectively, with no impact of BRT regardless of tumor grade. CONCLUSION Adjuvant brachytherapy improves local control after complete resection of soft tissue sarcomas. This improvement in local control is limited to patients with high-grade histopathology. The reduction in local recurrence in patients with high-grade lesions is not associated with a significant reduction in distant metastasis or improvement in disease-specific survival.

Frequency and accuracy of the first-degree family history of cancer in a community-based sample of women with low literacy in the South of Brazil

2007 ◽  
Vol 25 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1549-1549
Author(s):  
F. L. Roth ◽  
C. Bochi ◽  
E. I. Palmeiro ◽  
L. Kalakun ◽  
M. Callefi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Elementary Education ◽  
Risk Estimation ◽  
Positive Family History ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cancer History ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Cancer

1549 A positive family history (FH) in first-degree relatives (FDR) is one of the most important risk factors for breast cancer. However, there are few published studies about its prevalence in community-based samples. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of first-degree cancer FH in an unselected sample of low-literacy women recruited in primary-care health centers through an interview and questionnaire. Accuracy of self- reported cancer history in a FDR was also evaluated. Of 6514 women, 4.5% were illiterate and 66% had elementary education. When asked about cancer FH, 23.3% had at least one FDR with cancer. The accuracy of reported FDR history was evaluated by telephone 12 months after the initial interview. Of the 1516 women reporting at least one FDR with cancer, a random telephone contact was made with 710 (46%). In 88% of the patients, the history reported by phone was exactly the same as the one reported initially. In addition, 29 of 710 patients contacted by phone denied cancer history in FDR. In 7.9% of the patients, FDR history of cancer was confirmed, but one of the following inconsistencies in relation to the original report was described: the type of cancer was different or the relative affected was different. We conclude that a significant proportion of women report history of cancer in a FDR accurately, despite of low literacy. These findings have considerable relevance to clinical practice and are important to validate FH taking in cancer risk estimation models that use this variable. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

A High-Grade Primary Leiomyosarcoma of the Bladder in a Survivor of Retinoblastoma

2001 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1231-1234
Author(s):  
Sharon X. Liang ◽  
Yegappan Lakshmanan ◽  
Bruce A. Woda ◽  
Zhong Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Urinary Bladder ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Prior History ◽  
Adjuvant Radiation ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Cyclophosphamide Therapy ◽  
The Past ◽  
History Of

Abstract Second nonocular malignancies develop with increased incidence in patients with hereditary retinoblastoma. Osteosarcoma is by far the most common type with an incidence of up to 50%, followed by soft tissue sarcomas. Visceral leiomyosarcoma is extremely rare and only 2 cases have been reported in the past 2 decades, one in the liver and another one in the urinary bladder, both of which developed after cyclophosphamide therapy. Here we report a case of vesical leiomyosarcoma that was diagnosed in a 49-year-old woman 47 years after the diagnosis of a hereditary retinoblastoma. The patient's retinoblastoma was treated with unilateral enucleation without adjuvant radiation or chemotherapy. We believe that this is the first report of vesical leiomyosarcoma occurring in a patient with retinoblastoma without a prior history of radiation or chemotherapy. This report is significant not only because of the rarity of vesical leiomyosarcoma as a second nonocular tumor in retinoblastoma patients, but also because of the infrequency of vesical leiomyosarcoma in general. We also investigated the potential molecular pathogenesis of the leiomyosarcoma.

scholarly journals A review of adult head and neck soft tissue sarcoma in a tertiary centre: malaysia experience

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salman Amiruddin ◽  
Mohd Razif Muhamad Yunus ◽  
Marina Mat Baki
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcoma ◽  
Head And Neck ◽  
Local Control ◽  
Adjuvant Radiotherapy ◽  
Soft Tissue Sarcomas ◽  
Optimal Treatment ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
High Grade ◽  
Adult Head

Background: Head and neck tissue sarcoma are rare with potential high morbidity and mortality. The purpose of the present study was to present these cases and determine the optimal treatment for adult patients with head and neck soft tissue sarcomas.Methods: It is a retrospective study of adult head and neck soft tissue sarcoma conducted in the Department of Otorhinolaryngology at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre (UKMMC) which is one of the national referral center within the period of 16 years from 1998 till 2014.Results: Fourteen cases were reviewed in which7 histopathological variations of soft tissue sarcomas were identified. Local control after surgery alone or combined with radiotherapy was obtained in 50 % of the patients which is influenced by histologic grade, tumor size, and surgical margins. Patients with high-grade tumors or positive margins have improved local control if adjuvant radiotherapy is used. Distant metastases occurred in 14.2 % of patients and the 5-year survival rate was 50 %.Conclusions: The optimal treatment for adult head and neck soft tissue sarcomas is surgery. Adjuvant radiotherapy improves outcomes for those with high-grade tumors or positive margins.Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol.16(1) 2017 p.69-76

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