scholarly journals Suicide and the Role of Educational Institutions: A 30-Year Systematic Review

Author(s):  
Janaina Minelli de Oliveira Ramos ◽  
Jorge-Manuel Dueñas ◽  
Fabia Morales-Vives ◽  
Elena Maria Gallardo-Nieto

Abstract Suicide is the second leading cause of death in the 15–29 age group worldwide, and is a severe public health problem worldwide. Adolescent and young adult individuals primarily attend educational institutions which can play an essential role in detecting and preventing suicide. For this reason, the purpose of this research is to examine the role that educational institutions play in suicide prevention. A systematic review was conducted to determine what educational institutions and agents are identified in the literature when addressing suicide. The systematic review yielded 58 articles published over the last 30 years. The results show that a wide variety of educational stakeholders are required to intervene for suicide prevention between primary education and college. Overall, educational suicide initiatives report positive effects on participants’ understanding, attitudes, and beliefs regarding suicide and suicide prevention, although some studies have expressed some caution. The different types of programs and recommendations are discussed.

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 848-863
Author(s):  
Zofia Mazur ◽  
Mariola Laguna

Affect impacts people’s cognitive processes as well as provides the energy to pursue goals and engage in actions. Research suggests that affect might influence instrumental learning behavior. This review aims to summarize the existing literature concerning the relationship between affect and instrumental practice. In order to determine the role of affect in undertaking instrumental practice and in engagement in practice, we conducted a systematic search via electronic databases and reference lists; we also hand-searched the key journals. Studies were included in the review if they concerned both affect and practicing behavior in musicians and instrumental students across all age groups and if the relationships between the two constructs were investigated. We focused on individual instrumental practice in the classical repertoire. Eleven studies met our inclusion criteria. They reported quantitative relationships between affect and the amount of practice or qualitatively described the role of affect in practice engagement. The results of this systematic review show that practicing a musical instrument is associated with different types of affect—practice-related, performance-related, and context-free affect. Further investigation of affect in the context of music learning may inform future interventions for instrumentalists motivating them to practice.


Author(s):  
Н. Алексеева ◽  
N. Alekseeva

The article shows the role of student sports clubs in the development of Russian sports. Different types of risks faced by sports clubs of higher educational institutions are considered. The characteristics of the risks associated with financing student sport are given. The key methods of managing the risks of financing student sports clubs are considered.


Author(s):  
Stefan Hossinger ◽  
Jörn Block ◽  
Xiangyu Chen ◽  
Arndt Werner

AbstractThe path to academic entrepreneurship is characterized by a sequence of venture creation activities, which can be classified into operational-, financing- and commercialization activities. Academic entrepreneurship research is concerned with the question how different motives of scientists affect the patterns of these venture creation activities. Using a longitudinal two-period dataset of 165 academic entrepreneurs from 73 universities in Germany, we propose and test a multi-activity-based model that links different types of entrepreneurial motives to venture creation activities. The findings show that founder motives related to self-realization, necessity and an increased financial income increase the likelihood of completing venture creation activities, whereas work-life balance motivations and the drive to make better use of one’s professional knowledge decrease that likelihood. The desire to translate research ideas into practice has no effect. Our results further show that the positive effects of seeking self-realization and an increased financial income are more pronounced for completing commercialization activities than for operational activities. Our study contributes to research on academic entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial motivations and helps university administrators and policymakers to design their entrepreneurship support programs more effectively.


Health Policy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (5) ◽  
pp. 472-479 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaat De Pourcq ◽  
Melissa De Regge ◽  
Koen Van den Heede ◽  
Carine Van de Voorde ◽  
Gemmel Paul ◽  
...  

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mara Simopoulou ◽  
Konstantinos Sfakianoudis ◽  
Evangelos Maziotis ◽  
Sokratis Grigoriadis ◽  
Polina Giannelou ◽  
...  

The role of autoantibodies in in vitro fertilization (IVF) has been discussed for almost three decades. Nonetheless, studies are still scarce and widely controversial. The aim of this study is to provide a comprehensive systematic review on the possible complications associated to autoantibodies (AA) impeding the chances of a successful IVF cycle. An Embase, PubMed/Medline and Cochrane Central Database search was performed on 1 December 2018, from 2006 until that date. From the 598 articles yielded in the search only 44 relevant articles ultimately fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were qualitatively analyzed. Five subsets of results were identified, namely, thyroid related AA, anti-phospholipid antibodies, anti-nuclear antibodies, AA affecting the reproductive system and AA related to celiac disease. It may be implied that the majority of auto-antibodies exert a statistically significant effect on miscarriage rates, whereas the effects on clinical pregnancy and live birth rates differ according to the type of auto-antibodies. While significant research is performed in the field, the quality of evidence provided is still low. The conduction of well-designed prospective cohort studies is an absolute necessity in order to define the impact of the different types of autoantibodies on IVF outcome.


2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. J. Bijkerk ◽  
J. W. M. Muris ◽  
J. A. Knottnerus ◽  
A. W. Hoes ◽  
N. J. De Wit

Author(s):  
D R Gunjawate ◽  
R Ravi

Abstract Objective The present systematic review aimed to explore the published literature on the application of yoga and meditation for tinnitus. Method A systematic search was carried out to identify the eligible studies exploring the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus in PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library electronic databases. Studies on the application of yoga and meditation on tinnitus were identified following a three-step screening process by both the authors independently. A mixed-methods appraisal tool was used to perform the quality appraisal of the included studies. Results Five studies were shortlisted and included in the present review. Four studies had used different types of yoga and pranayama, while one used relaxation therapy. Three studies concluded that there were positive effects of yoga on tinnitus, such as a reduction in severity, stress, anxiety and irritability associated with tinnitus and improved quality of life. Conclusion This review highlights the application of yoga and meditation in management of tinnitus along with regular otological and audiological treatment options. Furthermore, there is a need to have more randomised controlled trials in this area to evidence the effect of yoga and meditation on tinnitus empirically.


Author(s):  
Cristina Rezende Maria ◽  
Luiz Faustino dos Santos Maia

A anemia falciforme é uma doença genética bastante comum. No Brasil essa doença é considerada um problema de saúde pública, por acometer parcela significante da população brasileira afrodescendente. O presente estudo tem por objetivo reunir um corpo de conhecimentos teóricos, a partir da literatura publicada acerca da doença, enfocando a assistência de enfermagem e aporte nutricional na atenção básica. Trata-se de uma revisão bibliográfica dos últimos dez anos, material levantado em bibliotecas públicas, instituições educacionais e base de dados eletrônicos. Os resultados revelaram que as complicações geradas resultam em crises dolorosas de difícil controle, portanto a atuação do enfermeiro e nutricionista visa afastar esses os fatores desencadeantes de crises, a orientação e educação, aplicando a intervenção necessária a cada situação.Descritores: Anemia Falciforme, Enfermagem, Aporte Nutricional. Silkle cell anemia: nursing and nutritional support in primary care servicesAbstract: Sickle cell anemia is a genetic disease common. In Brazil, this disease is considered a public health problem, since it affects a significant proportion of the population of African descent. This study aims to gather a body of theoretical knowledge from the published literature about the disease, focusing on nursing care and nutritional support in primary care. This is a review of the last ten years, collected material in public libraries, educational institutions and electronic database. Results revealed that complications result in out of control painful crises, so the role of a nurse and nutritionist seeks to disregard those factors triggering crises, guidance and education, implementing the necessary intervention to each situation, sickle cell disease, nursing care, nutritional support.Descriptors: Sickle Cell Anemia, Nursing, Nutritional Support. Anemia de células falciformes: cuidados de enfermeira y el apoyo nutricional en los servicios de atención primariaResumen: La anemia falciforme es una enfermedad genética común. En Brasil, esta enfermedad se considera un problema de salud pública, y a que afecta a una proporción significativa de la población de ascendencia africana. Este estúdio tiene como objetivo reunir a un cuerpo de conocimientos teóricos de la literatura publicada sobre la enfermedad, centrar se en los cuidados de enfermería y el apoyo nutricional en atención primaria. Esta es una revisión de los últimos diez años, el material recogido en las bibliotecas públicas, instituciones educativas y de base de datos electrónica. Los resultados revelaron que las complicaciones generadas resultan en las crisis dolorosas y difícil de controlar, por lo tanto, el papel de un enfermeiro y nutricionista busca hacer caso omisso de los factores que desencadenan las crisis, la orientación y la educación, la implementación de la intervención necesaria a cada situación.Descriptores: Anemia de Células Falciformes, Enfermería, Apoyo Nutricional.


Author(s):  
Hryhorii Vasianovych ◽  
Roman Velykyi

The article analyzes the essence and peculiarities of the moral and aesthetic culture of the teacher personality. Comprehension of this problem is based on philosophical and pedagogical works of academic I. Ziaziun. In the article it is proven that the main idea of the scholar was the idea of cognition and self-cognition. The main components of the structure of the moral and aesthetic culture of the teacher personality – consciousness, relationships and pedagogical action were analyzed. The position and role of the moral and aesthetic culture in the educational activity of teachers were  determined.  The author proves  that  the teacher  personality is the subject of a moral and aesthetic culture, since it is directly integrated with subordinate and coordinate relations of different types. The conclusion was made that in conditions of democratization and humanization of society priority is set on coordinate relations. Therefore, the ideas and principles of pedagogy of cooperation are consistently established. The defining characteristic of the moral and aesthetic culture of the teacher personality is pedagogical action. Its significance goes far beyond the boundaries  of  Ukrainian  educational  institutions  and,  according  to  academic I.  Ziaziun, the progress of the whole society depends on it.


2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 461-481
Author(s):  
Alan de Brauw

Despite the fact that migration out of agriculture has always been a part of the economic development process, policy makers have long feared that migration from rural areas reduces agricultural production. This article reviews the growing microeconomic literature with more credible statistical identification that evaluates the effects of migration on agricultural production and other outcomes among rural households. By and large, migration does not negatively affect agricultural production, as households shift on one of several margins to reduce the lost labor impact. Through migrant remittances, migration can lead to one of several different types of investment. When investment occurs, the type of investment depends upon relative local returns to investments in agriculture, nonagriculture, or human capital. Some innovative recent work also documents the role of migration in catalyzing technical change. Future policy related to rural out-migration should focus on enhancing its positive effects and mitigating any negative ones.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document